Doping in sport.
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Diagnostic Tests, Routine↗
Biomedical subjects
Paul Jenkins
Publications and source records attributed to Paul Jenkins.
Time dependent memory decay.
BACKGROUND: To estimate the rate of time dependent memory decay, injury rates from three independent studies were compared. METHODS: The studies asked subjects to recall injuries during the previous 2 months, 12 months, or 10 years. RESULTS: The annual injury rates obtained were 108/1,000, 66/1,000, and 19/1,000, respectively. These rates are all significantly different from one another at the 0.05 level. CONCLUSIONS: Important methodological and demographic differences between the studies, such as those involving age, injury severity, and seasonality, were ruled out as causes of these differences. Results found in the literature for other studies are compared and contrasted. These data suggest that recall periods of greater than 2 months are likely to significantly underestimate injury rates.
Accidents, Occupational↗
The mRNA expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human breast cancer.
AIMS: There is a growing body of evidence that cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) plays an important role in carcinogenesis and angiogenesis of human tumours. The present study aims to compare COX-2 expression in human breast cancer and adjacent non-cancerous tissue (ANCT), and to identify any correlation between COX-2 and VEGF expression. METHODS: Total cellular RNA was extracted from frozen breast tissue samples according to standard methodology. The mRNA copy numbers for COX-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor 189 (VEGF-189) were determined 40 infiltrating carcinomas and 40 matched ANCT specimens using quantitative RT-PCR and TaqMan methodology. RESULTS: The COX-2 mRNA copy number per microg of RNA was two-fold higher in ANCT compared with the cancerous tissue (p = 0.01). Median mRNA copy number was 5.44 x 10(6) for ANCT and 2.30 x 10(6) for tumour, (ANCT range: 1 x 10(6) to 4.12x 10(7)) (tumour range: 1.29 x 10(5) to 1.07 x 10(7)). There was a significant correlation between COX-2 and VEGF-189 mRNA copy numbers in the cancer specimens (correlation coefficient = 0.5528, p = 0.0076). CONCLUSIONS: COX-2 mRNA is overexpressed in both human breast cancer and ANCT. We found higher levels in the matched ANCT which suggests that paracrine effects may be important in the role of COX-2 in mammary carcinogenesis. Furthermore, our results indicate that in human breast cancers COX-2 overexpression is linked to VEGF-189 overexpression and therefore tumour angiogenesis.
Breast Neoplasms↗