Biomedical subjects

Paul Nyirjesy

Publications and source records attributed to Paul Nyirjesy.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2007

The effects of intravaginal clindamycin and metronidazole therapy on vaginal mobiluncus morphotypes in patients with bacterial vaginosis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of treatments for bacterial vaginosis (BV) on vaginal Mobiluncus morphotypes. STUDY DESIGN: Analyses were performed on Mobiluncus scores from similarly conducted studies evaluating clindamycin vaginal single-dose cream (CVSDC) or metronidazole vaginal gel (MVG) in 55 patients with BV and with Mobiluncus morphotypes at baseline. RESULTS: Both treatment groups demonstrated significant reductions in Mobiluncus score. However, the Mobiluncus score at test-of-cure was lower in the CVSDC than in the MVG group (P=0.0471). More patients in the CVSDC group than in the MVG group achieved microbiologic (57.5% vs. 26.7%; P=0.04), clinical (57.5% vs. 26.7%; P=0.04), and therapeutic cures of BV (45.0% vs. 20.0%; P=0.09). CONCLUSION: Clindamycin reduces vaginal Mobiluncus morphotypes to a greater extent than metronidazole in patients with BV; this correlates with a higher BV cure rate.

Actinomycetales Infections↗

PubMed2006

Variation in vaginal immune parameters and microbial hydrolytic enzymes in bacterial vaginosis positive pregnant women with and without Mobiluncus species.

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to assess if levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-8, sialidase, prolidase and immunoglobulin A against Gardenerella vaginalis hemolysin (anti-Gvh IgA) in vaginal secretions differ between BV+ women with (M+) and without (M-) Mobiluncus spp. STUDY DESIGN: Vaginal secretions were obtained from 265 women at their first prenatal care visit and assessed for all study parameters. Gram stain evaluation using Nugent criteria was performed and coinfection with sexually transmitted infections determined. Differences between BV+/M+ and BV+/M- women were evaluated using the chi2 statistic or Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: Of the 265 BV+ women, 43% (n = 113) were M+ of which 97% (n = 110) had Nugent scores of 9 or 10 . BV+/M+ women had elevated levels of sialidase (median value: 4.11 nmol vs 1.91 nmol of converted substrate; P = .003) but no difference in prolidase, anti-Gvh IgA, IL-1beta, IL-8, levels were found between the two groups. BV+/M- women had significantly higher rates of coinfection with Trichomonas vaginalis. CONCLUSION: BV+/M+ women have higher vaginal concentrations of sialidase and lower rates of T. vaginalis compared with BV+/M- women. Further research is needed to assess the association of this, and other, microbiologic profiles to risk of adverse pregnancy outcome.

Actinomycetales Infections↗

PubMed2006

The effects of intravaginal clindamycin and metronidazole therapy on vaginal lactobacilli in patients with bacterial vaginosis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 3 intravaginal antibacterial treatments on vaginal lactobacilli in patients with bacterial vaginosis (BV). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analyses were performed on Lactobacillus scores from 3 similar studies evaluating 2 2% clindamycin vaginal creams and 0.75% metronidazole gel at baseline and at 21 to 30 days in 408 patients with BV. Scores were compared using a 1-way global F test and McNemar's test. RESULTS: All groups had similar mean Lactobacillus scores at baseline (P = 0.37) and at 21 to 30 days (P = .71). The 3 groups were also comparable at both visits with respect to the distributions of scores within each group. In all groups, there was significant improvement in the percentages of patients with no lactobacilli present at 21 to 30 days compared with baseline (P < .0001 for all comparisons). CONCLUSION: Clindamycin and metronidazole promoted similar levels of restoration of vaginal lactobacilli at 21 to 30 days.

Administration, Intravaginal↗

PubMed2006

Suppressive antibacterial therapy with 0.75% metronidazole vaginal gel to prevent recurrent bacterial vaginosis.

OBJECTIVE: Efficacy study of suppressive vaginal metronidazole in reducing recurrent symptomatic episodes of bacterial vaginosis. STUDY DESIGN: Multicenter prospective study with initial 10-day open-label metronidazole gel in which asymptomatic responders randomly assigned to receive twice weekly metronidazole vaginal gel or placebo for 16 weeks and off therapy for 12 weeks. RESULTS: Of 157 eligible women with recurrent bacterial vaginosis, 112 of 127 returning evaluable women (88.2%) responded clinically and were randomly assigned. During suppressive therapy, recurrent bacterial vaginosis occurred in 13 women (25.5%) receiving metronidazole and 26 (59.1%) receiving placebo (MITT analysis, relative risk [RR] 0.43, CI = 0.25-0.73, P = .001). During the entire 28-week follow-up, recurrence occurred in 26 (51.0%) on treatment compared with 33 (75%) on placebo (RR 0.68, CI = 0.49-0.93, P = .02). Probability for remaining cured was 70% for metronidazole compared with 39% on placebo, which declined to 34% and 18%, respectively, by 28 weeks follow-up. Adverse effects were uncommon; however, secondary vaginal candidiasis occurred significantly more often in metronidazole-treated women (P = .02). CONCLUSION: Suppressive therapy with twice-weekly metronidazole gel achieves a significant reduction in the recurrence rate of bacterial vaginosis; however, secondary vaginal candidiasis is common.

Administration, Intravaginal↗

PubMed2006

Causes of chronic vaginitis: analysis of a prospective database of affected women.

OBJECTIVE: To compare women with different chronic vaginal symptoms with a wide variety of sociodemographic, health, behavioral, and psychosocial characteristics. METHODS: Serially recruited subjects answered a questionnaire that asks about demographic information and symptoms and measures depression and stress scores. Patients underwent a standardized history, physical examination, and laboratory examination. Patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, vulvar vestibulitis syndrome, desquamative inflammatory vaginitis, physiologic leukorrhea, and other diagnoses were compared with one another. Chi-square tests and one-way analysis of variance with Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc analyses were used for categorical and continuous data analysis. RESULTS: Two hundred patients were enrolled in this study. The most common diagnoses were contact dermatitis (21%), recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (20.5%), atrophic vaginitis (14.5%), and vulvar vestibulitis syndrome (12.5%); 18% of women had 2 or more diagnoses. In the overall study sample, the mean age was 38.4 years, 78% were white, and 55% were college educated. Sixty-two percent had symptoms for over a year. Desquamative inflammatory vaginitis patients were older and less likely to be menstruating. Those with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome had more frequent complaints of dyspareunia. Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis patients felt that their symptoms had the greatest negative impact on work and social life. There were high rates of psychiatric disorder (43.5%), atopic disease (42.5%), and pain syndrome (56%) in all groups. CONCLUSION: Women with chronic vaginal symptoms have a variety of diagnoses, most of them noninfectious. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-3.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Advances in diagnosing vaginitis: development of a new algorithm.

The current approach to diagnosing vulvovaginal symptoms is both flawed and inadequate. Mistakes occur at the level of the patient herself, her provider, and the sensitivity of office-based tests. Often, the differential diagnosis is so broad that providers may overlook some of the possibilities. A diagnostic algorithm which separates women into either a normal or elevated vaginal pH can successfully classify most women with vaginitis. Based on the amine test, vaginal leukocytes, and vaginal parabasal cells, those with an elevated pH can be placed into further diagnostic categories. Such an algorithm helps to prioritize different diagnoses and suggest appropriate ancillary tests.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2005

Variation in microbiologic profiles among pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine if clinical findings and sociodemographic variables among bacterial vaginosis (BV)-positive pregnant women are associated with different microbiologic profiles. STUDY DESIGN: Pregnant women were assessed for BV by Nugent criteria. BV+ women were separated into 6 mutually exclusive microbiologic groups. In unadjusted analyses, we compared (1) sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics, and (2) 3 clinical characteristics among BV+ women with and without Mobiluncus (M+ vs M-). Unadjusted data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the likelihood of having clinical signs of BV in women with and without Mobiluncus spp while controlling for confounders. RESULTS: A total of 1756 BV+ pregnant women were followed. The M+ group (n=702) was significantly more likely than the M- group (n=1054) to be non-Hispanic black (80.9% vs 66.2%; P < .0001), older than 21 years (61.7% vs 48.7%; P < .0001), and to have had more than 3 lifetime sexual partners (66.4% vs 54.9%; P < .0001). The M+ group was also more likely to have clue cells on wet mount (63.9% vs 47.2%; P < .0001) and a positive amine odor after addition of KOH (57.2% vs 45.0%; P=.001). There was no difference in other demographic variables or physician diagnosis of abnormal vaginal discharge. In the adjusted analyses for each clinical outcome, all findings were consistent with the unadjusted analyses. CONCLUSION: BV+ pregnant women with Mobiluncus spp are more likely to have clue cells present on wet mount, a positive amine odor after KOH preparation, and to be older, non-Hispanic black, and have had more lifetime sexual partners compared to BV+ women without any Mobiluncus species.

Bacteroidaceae Infections↗

PubMed2005

Vaginal Candida parapsilosis: pathogen or bystander?

OBJECTIVE: Candida parapsilosis is an infrequent isolate on vaginal cultures; its role as a vaginal pathogen remains unstudied. This retrospective study of women with positive culture for C. parapsilosis sought to characterize the significance of this finding and its response to antifungal therapy. METHODS: From February 2001 to August 2002, we identified all individuals with positive fungal isolates among a population of women with chronic vulvovaginal symptoms. Charts of women with C. parapsilosis cultures were reviewed with regard to patient demographics, clinical presentation and therapeutic response. Mycological cure, defined as a negative fungal culture at the next office visit, and clinical cure, i.e. symptom resolution, were determined for each subject. RESULTS: A total of 582 women had positive vaginal cultures for 635 isolates, of which 54 (8.5%) were C. parapsilosis. The charts of 51 subjects with C. parapsilosis were available for review and follow-up cultures and clinical information were available for 39 (76.5%). Microscopy was positive in 9 (17.6%). Antifungal treatment resulted in mycological cure in 17/19 patients with fluconazole, 7/7 with butoconazole, 6/6 with boric acid, 1/1 with miconazole and occurred spontaneously in 6/7: 24/37 (64.9%) patients with a mycological cure experienced clinical cure. CONCLUSIONS: Although C. parapsilosis is often a cause of vaginal symptoms, it seems to respond to a variety of antifungal agents and may even be a transient vaginal colonizer.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

HIV type 1 cervicovaginal reservoirs in the era of HAART.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) does not lead to viral eradication, due to HIV-1 residual disease. We investigated whether the cervicovaginal tract serves as a viral reservoir. Seven out of eight cervicovaginal fluids were positive for cell-free HIV-1, by supersensitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR), with a detection limit of 1 copy/ml. No viral outgrowth, intracellular proviral DNA, or viral RNA was detected from cervicovaginal lavage and ecto- and endocervical cells. The cervicovaginal tract of patients on HAART is likely not a major solid tissue reservoir for HIV-1. Nonetheless, the presence of even low cell-free HIV-1 RNA in cervicovaginal secretions continues to suggest the importance of practicing protected sex, even in the era of HAART.

Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active↗

PubMed2004

Risk factors for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in women receiving maintenance antifungal therapy: results of a prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors for symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis episodes among women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (defined as >/=4 vulvovaginal candidiasis episodes in 1 year) who were receiving maintenance antifungal therapy. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study of 65 women aged >/=18 years with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis who attended vaginitis clinics in Detroit, Mich, and Philadelphia, Pa. RESULTS: The 9-month risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis recurrence was 41.8%. Almost two fifths of the women reported activity limitations because of vulvovaginal candidiasis episodes, most or all of the time. Younger women and those women with a history of bacterial vaginosis were at increased risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis episodes. Behavioral factors that were associated significantly with increasing vulvovaginal candidiasis recurrence >/=2- fold included wearing pantyliners or pantyhose and consuming cranberry juice or acidophilus-containing products. CONCLUSION: The use of pantyliners or pantyhose, consumption of cranberry juice or acidophil-containing products, a history of bacterial vaginosis, and age <40 years were positively associated with a symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis episode.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Treatment of recurrent bacterial vaginosis with tinidazole.

BACKGROUND: Recurrent bacterial vaginosis is a difficult clinical condition. In women with recurrent bacterial vaginosis, relapses are common, even after prolonged courses of maintenance therapy. Because of its spectrum of activity, tinidazole was used in a patient with recurrent bacterial vaginosis. CASE: A 23-year-old woman taking oral contraceptives had a single sexual partner. She was treated for recurrent bacterial vaginosis with multiple courses of metronidazole gel 0.75%, including regimens of maintenance therapy. The patient experienced repeated recurrences shortly after stopping treatment. A single course of oral tinidazole resulted in a prolonged period where she was free of bacterial vaginosis. CONCLUSION: Treatment options for recurrent bacterial vaginosis are currently limited. Tinidazole may be a useful option in women with recurrent bacterial vaginosis.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Vulvovaginal candidiasis.

VVC represents a spectrum of disease. Although there is a clear need for better use of diagnostic modalities and development of better treatment alternatives, most patients with VVC, even the complicated cases, at least have the perspective of achieving adequate control of their symptoms. Future advances, particularly in the area of home diagnostics, may help to optimize use of currently available medicines.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2002

Lichen Sclerosus and Other Conditions Mimicking Vulvovaginal Candidiasis.

For many women with chronic vulvovaginal symptoms, overdiagnosis of vulvovaginal candiasis (VVC) is an unfortunate tendency. In women with chronic vulvar itching or burning, a vulvar non-neoplastic epithelial disorder is a relatively frequent diagnosis. Although controversy persists about the nomenclature for these disorders, there seems to be a relatively clear consensus with lichen sclerosus. This chronic inflammatory skin disease affects primarily the female vulvar and perianal areas. Left untreated, it may lead to chronic scarring of the vulva with an associated loss of architecture. The etiology remains unknown, although infectious, genetic, and autoimmune causes have been suggested. Most patients will respond to potent topical corticosteroids. Treatment of associated conditions such as atrophic vaginitis or complicated VVC is sometimes necessary. Surgery should be considered in patients with severe scarring.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2002

Over-the-counter antifungal drug misuse associated with patient-diagnosed vulvovaginal candidiasis.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate what proportion of symptomatic women purchasing over-the-counter antifungal products for immediate treatment of presumed vulvovaginal candidiasis have vulvovaginal candidiasis or other genitourinary conditions. METHODS: A time-location sample of 95 symptomatic women who purchased and presented with an over-the-counter antifungal product for immediate and personal treatment of presumed vulvovaginal candidiasis were evaluated by clinical examination and pertinent laboratory tests. The percentage of women diagnosed having vulvovaginal candidiasis or other conditions, proportions of women with vulvovaginal candidiasis compared between groups with and without a prior diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis, and groups that read or did not read the over-the-counter package label were assessed. RESULTS: The actual diagnoses for women who self-diagnosed vulvovaginal candidiasis were: vulvovaginal candidiasis 33.7%, bacterial vaginosis 18.9%, mixed vaginitis 21.1%, normal 13.7%, other diagnoses 10.5%, and trichomonas vaginitis 2.1%. Women with a previous clinically based diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis were not more accurate in diagnosing vulvovaginal candidiasis than women without a prior clinical diagnosis (chi(2) = 0.27, P =.6). Women who read the package label were no more likely to have vulvovaginal candidiasis than were women who did not read the label (Fisher exact test, P =.39). CONCLUSION: Many women who self-diagnose and use an over-the-counter product for treatment of presumed vulvovaginal candidiasis do not have vulvovaginal candidiasis. A history of a previous clinically based diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis and reading the package label do not help women self-diagnose vulvovaginal candidiasis properly. Ready access to these products is associated with wasted financial expenditures, unfulfilled expectations, and a delay in correct diagnosis for a substantial number of women.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Nongonococcal and Nonchlamydial Cervicitis.

Cervicitis encompasses a variety of gynecologic conditions. Although inflammation on a Papanicolaou smear may be indicative of true cervical inflammation, establishing a diagnosis of mucopurulent cervicitis (MCP) is more clinically useful. MCP seems to be analogous to nongonococcal urethritis in men. Many cases of MCP are related to Chlamydia trachomatis infection, but the majority of cases have other potential causes. Other possible pathogens include Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma genitalium, herpes simplex virus, and cytomegalovirus. Many cases may be related to cervical ectopy. MCP is a marker for endometritis, salpingitis, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Given the current shortcomings in our understanding of this disease, an empiric approach to evaluation and treatment is suggested.

Journal Article↗