Biomedical subjects

Paul R Matuschka

Publications and source records attributed to Paul R Matuschka.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

Generalized anxiety disorder.

Anxiety is a part of daily life. While mild levels of anxiety can be positive, moderate to severe levels can cause intense distress. When anxiety interferes with a person's ability to function, it warrants treatment. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic disabling condition characterized by at least 6 months of frequent worries and three of the following symptoms: fatigue, restlessness, poor concentration, irritability, muscle tension, and unsatisfying sleep. The primary treatment for anxiety is pharmacotherapy. Medication prescribed for anxiety has shifted from exclusive benzodiazepine therapy to a combination of benzodiazepine and antidepressant drugs. The principal disadvantages of benzodiazepines are their long-term use with associated physical dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms. Several reports support the serotonin reuptake inhibitors and the serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of anxiety disorders.

Anxiety Disorders↗

PubMed2002

Attention deficit disorder in adults.

ADHD/ADD, once thought to occur only in children, is now recognized as continuing into adulthood in many people. In order to be labeled as such, signs and symptoms must start before age 7 and are primarily characterized by inattention, distractibility, and impulsiveness. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, a number of associated neurochemical and structural abnormalities have been observed. This disorder can negatively affect the educational, social, and occupational lives of those who suffer from its symptoms. It interferes with the ability to establish and maintain close relationships. Pharmacotherapy remains the primary mode of treatment. Stimulants such as dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate are the main drugs utilized; they are available in immediate and longer duration versions. Bupropion is another important medicinal option, and there are a variety of other miscellaneous medications to consider, including modafinil, venlafaxine, tricyclic antidepressants, and guanfacine. Psychotherapy is shown to help control impulsiveness, form more satisfactory relationships, rear children more effectively, and improve organizational and problem-solving skills.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an update.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, a syndrome involving inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, was originally thought to occur only in children. It is now a recognized condition throughout life in some individuals. For a valid diagnosis, the onset of symptoms should occur before age 7. Dysfunction of catecholamine neurotransmission is implied by the clinical improvement induced by stimulants. Positron emission tomography studies reveal reduced glucose metabolism in the basal ganglia and sometimes in the frontal cortex. Excessive cortical slowing is documented on the electroencephalogram. Twin studies show a familial, genetic influence. Data from multiple sources are necessary for a diagnosis, and rating scales are particularly useful for the adult syndrome. Older individuals typically manifest disorganization and impulsivity more than hyperactivity. Stimulant drugs are the principal forms of treatment for all ages, but bupropion is favored for patients with substance abuse history.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗