Biomedical subjects

Pei Chen

Publications and source records attributed to Pei Chen.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2025

A Multi-omics Exploration Revealing SLIT2 as a Prime Therapeutic Target for Peripheral Facial Paralysis: Integrating Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Plasma Proteome Data.

Peripheral facial paralysis (PFP) is a common neurological disorder characterized by facial-nerve dysfunction. Identifying therapeutic targets and understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying PFP are crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. This study combined Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to explore potential therapeutic candidates and their roles in PFP pathophysiology. The MR analysis included 1925 publicly available plasma protein cis-heritability instruments. Instrumental variables were selected for MR analysis to identify plasma proteins associated with PFP, followed by colocalization analysis to evaluate shared genetic variants between the identified proteins and PFP. After the initial identification of plasma proteins associated with Bell's palsy using MR analysis, a rat model of facial-nerve injury was established to further dissect underlying mechanisms at cellular and molecular levels. Using scRNA-seq technology, we delved deeply into cellular Heterogeneity and dynamic changes in gene expression in the facial-nerve nucleus tissues under both injured and control conditions, thereby achieving a systematic study ranging from macroscopic genetic associations to microscopic cellular functions. Finally, expression patterns were preliminarily validated by performing in vitro immunofluorescence analysis on the facial-nerve nucleus samples of SD rats. The MR analysis results identified 30 plasma proteins significantly associated with PFP, with nine target genes showing differential expression in the scRNA-seq data. Colocalization analysis demonstrated that slit guidance Ligand 2 (SLIT2), semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D), EGF containing fibulin extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1), and sprouty related EVH1 domain containing 2 (SPRED2) shared causal variants with PFP. SLIT2 was highly expressed in the microglia and inhibitory neurons in the experimental group, whereas SEMA4D showed elevated expression across multiple glial cell types in the same group. In contrast, EFEMP1 and SPRED2 showed distinct expression patterns in fibroblasts and oligodendrocytes. The role of SLIT2 has been previously well-documented in many central nervous system diseases. However, for the first time, this study detected SLIT2 alteration after facial-nerve injury. Altered intercellular signaling, particularly enhanced SLIT2-ROBO signaling between neurons and glial cells, was observed in the PFP group. Pseudotime analysis revealed dynamic SLIT2 expression during microglia and inhibitory neuron differentiation, mirroring changes in ROBO1 expression. Immunofluorescence analysis of rat facial-nerve nucleus samples verified that SLIT2 protein levels were significantly increased in the facial-nerve nuclei of injured samples. In conclusion, despite the fact that this study is primarily founded on animal models and despite notable differences existing between animals and humans in terms of the facial motor nucleus, this study successfully identified SLIT2 as potential therapeutic targets for PFP. The SLIT2-ROBO axis stands out as a particularly promising candidate. SLIT2 may play a role in modulating neuroimmune interactions and promoting nerve repair. These findings provide a foundation for future clinical studies and targeted interventions to enhance recovery from PFP. Future research should focus on human sample validation to enhance clinical translation.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Modest dietary K+ restriction provokes insulin resistance of cellular K+ uptake and phosphorylation of renal outer medulla K+ channel without fall in plasma K+ concentration.

Extracellular K(+) concentration ([K(+)]) is closely regulated by the concerted regulatory responses of kidney and muscle. In this study, we aimed to define the responses activated when dietary K(+) was moderately reduced from a control diet (1.0% K(+)) to a 0.33% K(+) diet for 15 days. Although body weight and baseline plasma [K(+)] (4.0 mM) were not reduced in the 0.33% K(+) group, regulatory responses to conserve plasma [K(+)] were evident in both muscle and kidney. Insulin-stimulated clearance of K(+) from the plasma was estimated in vivo in conscious rats with the use of tail venous and arterial cannulas. During infusion of insulin.(50 mU.kg(-1).min(-1)), plasma [K(+)] level fell to 3.2 +/- 0.1 mM in the 1.0% K(+) diet group and to only 3.47 +/- 0.07 mM in the 0.33% K(+) diet group (P < 0.01) with no reduction in urinary K(+) excretion, which is evidence of insulin resistance to cellular K(+) uptake. Insulin-stimulated cellular K(+) uptake was quantitated by measuring the K(+) infusion rate necessary to clamp plasma K(+) at baseline (in micromol.kg(-1).min(-1)) during 5 mU of insulin.kg(-1).min(-1) infusion: 9.7 +/- 1.5 in 1% K(+) diet was blunted to 5.2 +/- 1.7 in the 0.33% K(+) diet group (P < 0.001). Muscle [K(+)] and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity and abundance were unchanged during the 0.33% K(+) diet. Renal excretion, which was measured overnight in metabolic cages, was reduced by 80%, from 117.6 +/- 10.5 micromol/h/animal (1% K(+) diet) to 24.2 +/- 1.7 micromol/h/animal (0.33% K(+) diet) (P < 0.001). There was no significant change in total abundance of key renal K(+) transporters, but 50% increases in both renal PTK cSrc abundance and ROMK phosphorylation in the 0.33% K(+) vs. 1% K(+) diet group, previously established to be associated with internalization of ROMK. These results indicate that plasma [K(+)] can be maintained during modest K(+) restriction due to a decrease in insulin-stimulated cellular K(+) uptake as well as renal K(+) conservation mediated by inactivation of ROMK, both without a detectable change in plasma [K(+)]. The error signals inciting and maintaining these responses remain to be identified.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Lipoprotein lipase gene is linked and associated with hypertension in Taiwan young-onset hypertension genetic study.

Hypertriglyceridemia has been extensively associated with hypertension. However, the mechanism behind it is poorly understood. A positive linkage signal between Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and young-onset hypertension has been identified by us as the strongest among 18 candidate genes. Here we report our fine mapping works with seven microsatellite markers flanking LPL, sequencing results for its promoter and exons, and an extended association study with the identified single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP). First, using data from 213 individuals in 59 nuclear families of young-onset hypertension, multipoint analysis revealed a NPL score of 3.02 for the LPL (GZ-14/GZ-15) marker in intron 6. LPL marker (p < 10(-12)) and the haplotypes containing its allele 1 (p < 0.0001) were also significantly associated with young hypertension by transmission disequilibrium test. In-depth sequencing revealed no mutation in promoter and exon regions, except two cSNP: 7754C--> A (C/A: 0.91/0.09), a silent mutation in exon 8 and S447X (C/G: 0.92/0.08), a stop codon mutation in exon 9. Other 11 cSNPs documented in NCBI GenBank are absent in our sample. Constructed from the above 2 cSNPs, haplotype AC showed a moderate TDT association with elevated triglyceride (p = 0.02) and with hypertension and elevated triglyceride combined (p = 0.06). Again, in an extended case-control study, a significant association was found between S447X and patients with persistent hypertension and elevated triglyceride (p = 0.02). We conclude that LPL variants may play a causal role in the development of hypertension in Taiwan Han Chinese. The moderate association with SNP haplotype suggests that other regulatory LPL variant may exist.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Effects of neuroglobin gene transfer in vivo on hearing response properties of neurons in the inferior colliculus in mice after administration of sodium salicylate.

The effects of neuroglobin (NGB) gene transfer in vivo mediated by GeneJamer on the hearing response properties of the inferior colliculus (IC) neurons in mice after administration of sodium salicylate were studied. Forty-eight Kunming mice were divided into 4 groups (n=12 in each group): Group A1 (negative control);Group A2 (positive control);Group B, sodium salicylate (450 mg/kg every day) + pEGFP-C1;Group C, sodium salicylate (450 mg/kg every day) + pEGFP-NGB. The GeneJamer and pEGFP-NGB were mixed and injected into IC neurons in mice. The expression of NGB mRNA and protein of IC neurons in mice was detected by using RT-PCR and Western blot methods. The intensity-rate functions, intensity-latency functions and frequency-turning curves in IC neurons were recorded by extracellular electrophysiological recording techniques and the effects of pEGFP-NGB transfer following injection of sodium salicylate on them were studied. It was found that: (1) The GeneJamer-mediated pEGFP-NGB could be effectively transferred into the IC brain tissues in mice and NGB could be expressed intensively. (2) The intensity-rate functions of IC neurons were raised after administration of sodium salicylate. The non-monotonic styles of intensity-rate functions in groups A1, A2 and C were accounted for 74.6%, 72.2 %, 59.3 %, respectively, and the function in group B for 47%. There were significant differences between group B and groups A1, A2 or C (P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.05). (3) The intensity-latency functions in IC neurons were reduced after administration of sodium salicylate. The non-monotonic styles of intensity-latency functions in groups A1, A2 and C were accounted for 3.2 %, 5.1 %and 21 %, respectively, and that in group B for 45.5 %. There were significant differences between group B and groups A1, A2 or C (P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.05, respectively). (4) The frequency-turning curves in groups A1 and A2 were sharpened. In 72 acoustic neurons recorded in the group B, the frequency-turning curves from 53 neurons were broadened while those of the rest were sharpened. In group C the frequency-turning curves recorded from 12 of 67 acoustic neurons were broadened while those of the remaining were sharpened. These results suggest that in vivo transfer of NGB gene is highly expressed in IC neurons in mice. In vivo transfer of NGB gene reverses the change of intensity-rate functions, intensity-latency functions and the code styles after administration of sodium salicylate in IC neurons in mice.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2005

Downregulation of TS, DPD, ERCC1, GST-Pi, EGFR, and HER2 gene expression after neoadjuvant three-modality treatment in patients with esophageal cancer.

BACKGROUND: To find out if neoadjuvant therapy could alter tumor response determinants that might affect tumor sensitivity to the treatment, we investigated intratumoral expressions of genes associated with chemosensitivity, radiosensitivity, or both before and after radiochemotherapy. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-four patients with locally advanced, resectable esophageal cancer (cT2-4,Nx,M0) received neoadjuvant 5-FU/cisplatin/36 Gy treatment followed by transthoracic en bloc esophagectomy. Expression levels of thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, excision repair cross-complementing gene 1 , glutathione S-transferase Pi, epidermal growth factor receptor, and HER2 were measured in matched preradiochemotherapy endoscopic tumor biopsies and in postradiochemotherapy resection specimens. mRNA was isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, laser microdissected tumor tissues, and a quantitative fluorescent dye real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction system was used for gene expression measurement. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in the expression levels of thymidylate synthase (p < 0.01), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (p = 0.03), excision repair cross-complementing gene 1 (p < 0.01), glutathione S-transferase Pi (p = 0.03), HER2 (p < 0.01), and epidermal growth factor receptor (p = 0.04). The change in the levels of epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA in post- compared with pretreatment specimens was significantly associated with the histopathologic grade of regression (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The expression levels of a set of genes that are possible determinants of 5-FU/cisplatin/radiation therapy antitumor activity are significantly downregulated by neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy in esophageal cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2005

Segmenting deformable surface models using haptic feedback.

Clinically relevant segmentation often incorporates physician insight in the segmentation process (eg. overestimation of tumors). This is a primary reason in the continued use of per-slice based segmentation approaches. Segmenting structures directly by interacting with a volume space provides the advantages of being time efficient and accurate in contrast to per-slice based methods. In this approach volume navigation and parameter specification become critical towards the accuracy of the results obtained. In this paper we present some preliminary results in our research towards segmentation using a haptic device for navigation and parameter specification in an immersive environment. To incorporate the physician's requirements we model the results as a deformable surface model and the user interacts with the surface to obtain the final segmentation.

Diagnostic Imaging↗

PubMed2005

[Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in laryngeal carcinoma cell and its significance].

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and both the Flt-1 and KDR high affinity VEGF receptors in human laryngeal carcinoma cells and its significance. METHOD: In this study, we investigated the expression of VEGF mRNA and both the Fit-1 mRNA and KDR mRNA high affinity VEGF receptors in human laryngeal carcinoma cells using techniques of semi-quantify RT-PCR. RESULT: It was showed that the expression level of VEGF mRNA was significantly increased in human laryngeal carcinoma cells as compared with the normal cells, Hacat cells (P <0.05), and there was the high expression level of Flt-1 mRNA in the Hep-2 cells, but not KDR mRNA. CONCLUSION: These data raise the possibility that VEGF and its receptors many play key roles in the growth, invasion and metastasis of human laryngeal carcinoma cells through either a paracrine or an autocrine mechanism.

Cell Line, Tumor↗

PubMed2004

Dexamethasone treatment causes resistance to insulin-stimulated cellular potassium uptake in the rat.

Patients treated with glucocorticoids have elevated skeletal muscle ouabain binding sites. The major Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase (NKA) isoform proteins found in muscle, alpha2 and beta1, are increased by 50% in rats treated for 14 days with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX). This study addressed whether the DEX-induced increase in the muscle NKA pool leads to increased insulin-stimulated cellular K+ uptake that could precipitate hypokalemia. Rats were treated with DEX or vehicle via osmotic minipumps at one of two doses: 0.02 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) for 14 days (low DEX; n = 5 pairs) or 0.1 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) for 7 days (high DEX; n = 6 pairs). Insulin was infused at a rate of 5 mU.kg(-1).min(-1) over 2.5 h in conscious rats. Insulin-stimulated cellular K+ and glucose uptake rates were assessed in vivo by measuring the exogenous K+ infusion (K+(inf)) and glucose infusion (Ginf) rates needed to maintain constant plasma K+ and glucose concentrations during insulin infusion. DEX at both doses decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake as previously reported. Ginf (in mmol.kg(-1).h(-1)) was 10.2 +/- 0.6 in vehicle-treated rats, 5.8 +/- 0.8 in low-DEX-treated rats, and 5.2 +/- 0.6 in high-DEX-treated rats. High DEX treatment also reduced insulin-stimulated K+) uptake. K+(inf) (in mmol.kg(-1).h(-1)) was 0.53 +/- 0.08 in vehicle-treated rats, 0.49 +/- 0.14 in low-DEX-treated rats, and 0.27 +/- 0.08 in high-DEX-treated rats. DEX treatment did not alter urinary K+ excretion. NKA alpha2-isoform levels in the low-DEX-treated group, measured by immunoblotting, were unchanged, but they increased by 38 +/- 15% (soleus) and by 67 +/- 3% (gastrocnemius) in the high-DEX treatment group. The NKA alpha1-isoform level was unchanged. These results provide novel evidence for the insulin resistance of K+ clearance during chronic DEX treatment. Insulin-stimulated cellular K+ uptake was significantly depressed despite increased muscle sodium pump pool size.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Development of an efficient, scalable, aldolase-catalyzed process for enantioselective synthesis of statin intermediates.

A process is reported for efficient, enantioselective production of key intermediates for the common chiral side chain of statin-type cholesterol-lowering drugs such as Lipitor (atorvastatin) and Crestor (rosuvastatin). The process features a one-pot tandem aldol reaction catalyzed by a deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase (DERA) to form a 6-carbon intermediate with installation of two stereogenic centers from 2-carbon starting materials. An improvement of almost 400-fold in volumetric productivity relative to the published enzymatic reaction conditions has been achieved, resulting in a commercially attractive process that has been run on up to a 100-g scale in a single batch at a rate of 30.6 g/liter per h. Catalyst load has been improved by 10-fold as well, from 20 to 2.0 wt % DERA. These improvements were achieved by a combination of discovery from environmental DNA of DERAs with improved activity and reaction optimization to overcome substrate inhibition. The two stereogenic centers are set by DERA with enantiomeric excess at >99.9% and diastereomeric excess at 96.6%. In addition, down-stream chemical steps have been developed to convert the enzymatic product efficiently to versatile intermediates applicable to preparation of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2004

Recovering the missing components in a large noisy low-rank matrix: application to SFM.

In computer vision, it is common to require operations on matrices with "missing data," for example, because of occlusion or tracking failures in the Structure from Motion (SFM) problem. Such a problem can be tackled, allowing the recovery of the missing values, if the matrix should be of low rank (when noise free). The filling in of missing values is known as imputation. Imputation can also be applied in the various subspace techniques for face and shape classification, online "recommender" systems, and a wide variety of other applications. However, iterative imputation can lead to the "recovery" of data that is seriously in error. In this paper, we provide a method to recover the most reliable imputation, in terms of deciding when the inclusion of extra rows or columns, containing significant numbers of missing entries, is likely to lead to poor recovery of the missing parts. Although the proposed approach can be equally applied to a wide range of imputation methods, this paper addresses only the SFM problem. The performance of the proposed method is compared with Jacobs' and Shum's methods for SFM.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2004

[Effect of urokinase plasminogen activator on injured facial nerve of rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of uPA on nerve regeneration and the expression of fibronectin and laminin after the facial nerve were transected and anastomosed, and to explore the mechanism of uPA in the microenvironment of nerve regeneration. METHOD: Twenty four SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: uPA group and control group. Every rat's extracranial facial were transected and anastomosed. Then uPA were injected at the belly of rat subcutaneously for five days in uPA group, three times one day, 5000 U/kg one time. Equal volume saline were injected in control models at the same site and the same time. At 1, 7, 21, 42, 84 day of post-operation, the diameter, perimeter, myelin sheath area of fibers and the expression of fibronectin and laminin in early phase of post-operation were measured by using morphometry, immunochemistry and the image analysis. RESULT: After operation, myelin sheath area at 21, 42 day and diameter of new regenerated fiber at 42 day in uPA group were better than those in control group (P<0.05). The expression of fibronectin elevated gradually after operation, and it expressed more than that of control group at 14 and 21 day (P<0.05). The expression of laminin decreased after operation, then elevated with the progress of nerve regeneration and showed no significant difference between two groups. CONCLUSION: The uPA can promote the fibrin degradation and upregulate the fibronectin expression when applicating in rat model, which benefit to improve the microenvironment and enhance facial nerve regeneration.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

[Apoptosis in the immune response of inner ear].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether apoptosis is one of the mechanism in the immune response of inner ear,and to detect the expression of Fas, FasL, Bcl-2 and Bax in the inner ears. METHODS: Sixteen healthy, female guinea pigs were employed in the experiment. Sensitized systematically with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), the KLH-immunized animals were inoculated with the same antigen, and the control animals were injected PBS through cochlea basal turn. The animals were sacrificed at 7 day after inner ear vaccination. Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect inner ear apoptotic cells, and paraffin sections of cochlea from animals were stained using a terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay to identify inner ear cells undergoing apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the expression of Fas, FasL, Bcl-2 and Bax in the inner ears. RESULTS: The observation of electron microscopy had shown the features characteristic of apoptotic cells in the KLH-immunized inner ears but not in the control inner ears. TUNEL-positive cells were found in the KLH-immunized inner ears but not in the control inner ears. The positive cells were the hair cells in Corti's organ, and the marginal cells in the stria vascularis and the neurons in the spiral ganglion. Moreover under morphological analysis by light microscope, these cells had the features characteristic of apoptosis. High expression of Fas and FasL could be detected in Corti's organ, the stria vascularis, the spiral ligament and the neurons of the spiral ganglion in the KLH-immunized inner ears. A low expression of Fas could be detected in the stria vascularis and the neurons of the spiral ganglion in the control inner ears, but no cells staining positive for FasL were found in the control inner ears. No cells staining positive for Bcl-2 were found in the KLH-immunized animals but moderate expression of Bcl-2 could be detected in Corti's organ, the lateral wall and the neurons of the spiral ganglion in the control inner ears. High expression of Bax could be detected in Corti's organ, the lateral wall and the neurons of the spiral ganglion in the KLH-immunized inner ears. A low expression of Bax could be detected in the neurons of the spiral ganglion and no cells staining positive for Bax were found in Corti's organ, the lateral wall in the control inner ears. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of the immune response of inner ear and Fas- FasL pathway is one of important signal transportation of the course and Bcl-2 and Bax have a critical role in the regulation of apoptotic cell death induced by the immune response of inner ear.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Creation of a productive, highly enantioselective nitrilase through gene site saturation mutagenesis (GSSM).

Gene site saturation mutagenesis (GSSM) technology is applied for the directed evolution of a nitrilase. The nitrilase effectively catalyzes the desymmetrization of the prochiral substrate 3-hydroxyglutaronitrile to afford (R)-4-cyano-3-hydroxybutyric acid, a precursor to the valuable cholesterol-lowering drug Lipitor. The discovered wild-type enzyme effectively performs the reaction at the industrially relevant 3 M substrate concentration but affords a product enantiomeric excess of only 87.6% ee. Through GSSM, a mutagenesis technique that effects the combinatorial saturation of each amino acid in the protein to each of the other 19 amino acids, combined with a novel high-throughput mass spectroscopy assay, a number of improved variants were identified, the best of which is the Ala190His mutant that yields product enantiomeric excess of 98.5% at 3 M substrate loading and a volumetric productivity of 619 g L-1 d-1.

Amino Acid Substitution↗

PubMed2002

Molecular species of PC and PE formed during castor oil biosynthesis.

As part of a program to elucidate castor oil biosynthesis, we have identified 36 molecular species of PC and 35 molecular species of PE isolated from castor microsomes after incubations with [14C]-labeled FA. The six [14C]FA studied were ricinoleate, stearate, oleate, linoleate, linolenate, and palmitate, which were the only FA identified in castor microsomal incubations. The incorporation of each of the six FA into PC was better than that into PE. The [14C]FA were incorporated almost exclusively into the sn-2 position of both PC and PE. The incorporation of [14C]stearate and [14C]palmitate into 2-acyl-PC was slower compared to the other four [14C]FA. The incorporation does not show any selectivity for the various lysoPC molecular species. The level of incorporation of [14C]FA in PC was in the order of: oleate > linolenate > palmitate > linoleate > stearate > ricinoleate, and in PE: linoleate > linolenate > oleate > palmitate > stearate > ricinoleate. In general, at the sn-1 position of both PC and PE, linoleate was the most abundant FA, palmitate was the next, and oleate, linolenate, stearate, and ricinoleate were minor FA. The activities of oleoyl-12-hydroxylase, oleoyl-12-desaturase seem unaffected by the FA at the sn-1 position of 2-oleoyl-PC. The FA in the sn-1 position of PC does not significantly affect the activity of phospholipase A2, whereas ricinoleate is preferentially removed from the sn-2 position of PC. The results show that (i) [14C]oleate is most actively incorporated to form 2-oleoyl-PC, the immediate substrate of oleoyl-12-hydroxylase; (ii) 2-ricinoleoyl-PC is formed mostly by the hydroxylation of 2-oleoyl-PC, not from the incorporation of ricinoleate into 2-ricinoleoyl-PC; and (iii) 2-oleoyl-PE is less actively formed than 2-oleoyl-PC.

Carbon Radioisotopes↗

PubMed1999

Multifactorial analysis of recurrence of cholecy_stolithiasis in Shanghai area.

AIM:To explore the risk factors of gallbladder stone recurrence.METHODS:A multifactorial analysis was made for 1058 patients in Shanghai area whose gallbladder stones disappeared after different kinds of nonsurgical therapy,including oral litholytic therapy, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous choledocholithotripsy. Serum level of insulin and total bile acid were determined in 122 patients.RESULTS:After 1-8.8 years of follow-up, the recurrence rate of gallbladder stone was 11.6%, 22.4%, 29.5%, 36.4%, 39.3% and 39.7% respectively within 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and over 5 years. The risk factors for the recurrence are:primary multiple gallstones (P < 0.05); family history of cholecysto-lithiasis (P < 0.05); greasy food intake (P <0.01); low mean value of serum insulin (P < 0.01); and high mean value of total bile acid (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:The recurrence of cholecystolithiasis is related to overintake of high fat and high cholesterol food, and might also be related to low level of serum insulin.

Journal Article↗