Biomedical subjects

Pekka Collin

Publications and source records attributed to Pekka Collin.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

IgA-class transglutaminase antibodies in evaluating the efficacy of gluten-free diet in coeliac disease.

OBJECTIVE: Serum IgA-class tissue transglutaminase antibody has proved effective in screening for coeliac disease. The response to a gluten-free diet has been assessed on the basis of small-intestinal morphology. We investigated whether the tissue transglutaminase antibody test could substitute biopsy in this respect, and whether the test is better than the endomysial antibody test in follow-up. DESIGN: Controlled cross sectional, and follow-up study. METHODS: Serum IgA-class tissue transglutaminase antibodies and endomysial antibodies were determined in 87 coeliac adults on a gluten-free diet. All underwent small bowel biopsy, and the mucosal morphology was interpreted along with Marsh's grading 0-3. In 30 patients histological and serological data could be analysed before and after adopting the diet; Marsh 3 was considered inadequate mucosal recovery during the diet. RESULTS: Of the 87 coeliac patients 27 showed Marsh 3 villous atrophy on gluten-free diet; of these 27, tissue transglutaminase antibody was within normal limits in 16 (59%) and endomysial antibody in 20 (74%). Two (7%) out of 29 with normal mucosa (Marsh 0) had positive tissue transglutaminase antibodies. Six (55%) out of 11 admitting regular dietary lapses remained tissue transglutaminase antibody negative. In the follow-up, serum IgA-class tissue transglutaminase antibody was initially positive in 28 (93%) out of 30 untreated patients; even a significant decrease in tissue transglutaminase antibody did not guarantee mucosal recovery. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of coeliac patients with negative tissue transglutaminase or endomysial antibodies may still have manifest mucosal villous atrophy. Small bowel biopsy is therefore still necessary to ensure that the gluten-free diet is adequate.

Biopsy↗

PubMed2002

HLA-DQ typing in the diagnosis of celiac disease.

OBJECTIVE: More than 95% of celiac patients share the major histocompatibility complex II class human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2 or DQ8 haplotype; patients negative for both types are unlikely to suffer from celiac disease. Our aim was to investigate whether HLA-DQ2 and -DQ8 typing is helpful when diagnosis is uncertain because of the absence of unequivocal small bowel villous atrophy. METHODS: HLA-DQ2 and -DQ8 typing was carried out in 59 patients evincing nondiagnostic small bowel mucosal lesion or positive celiac serology, and in 17 patients maintaining a gluten-free diet without biopsy-proven celiac disease. HLA findings were compared to small bowel mucosal morphology; intraepithelial lymphocytes; and serum endomysial (EmA), reticulin, tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) and gliadin antibodies. RESULTS: Of the 59 patients evincing only minor small bowel mucosal changes or positive celiac disease serology, 22 (37%) were negative for DQ2 and DQ8. All EmA-positive patients had celiac-type HLA, but antireticulin antibody, anti-tTg, and antigliadin antibody were also present in HLA-DQ2- and -DQ8-negative individuals. Eleven of 17 patients (65%) observing a gluten-free diet before small bowel biopsy did not share celiac-type HLA. None of the 17 had apparent villous atrophy. Serum EmA and anti-tTG were negative in all. HLA-DQ typing is less expensive than follow-up biopsy in the exclusion of celiac disease. CONCLUSIONS: HLA-DQ2 and -DQ8 determination is useful in exclusion, probably lifelong, of celiac disease in individuals with an equivocal small bowel histological finding. The low specificity of this test must, however, be borne in mind.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Celiac disease and HLA DQ in patients with IgA nephropathy.

OBJECTIVES: Despite some reports on an association between celiac disease and IgA nephropathy, the evidence is still sparse. Celiac disease is strongly associated with the HLA DQ2 and DQ8 haplotypes, which might explain the potential risk of patients to contract various autoimmune conditions. In this study, we sought to establish how common celiac disease is in patients with IgA nephropathy, and whether the possible association can be explained by similar HLA DQ status. METHODS: A total of 223 consecutive adult patients with IgA nephropathy were studied; 95 cadaver organ transplant donors served as controls for HLA DQ analysis. The diagnosis of celiac disease was based on small bowel mucosal biopsy. All known celiac cases were recorded, and eligible patients (n = 168) underwent serological screening for celiac disease as well as HLA DQ2 and DQ8 analysis. Screening methods were serum endomysium and tissue transglutaminase antibodies; patients who tested positive underwent mucosal biopsy. RESULTS: Eight patients (3.6%, 95% CI = 1.6-7.0%) with IgA nephropathy were found to have celiac disease; three of them were identified by serological screening. All celiac cases had the HLA DQ2 or DQ8 haplotype, but these were not more common in patients with IgA nephropathy than in controls. As many as 14% of HLA DQ2 positive patients with IgA nephropathy had celiac disease. Gluten-free diet had no apparent influence on the course of nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS: Although there is no increase in celiac-type HLA DQ, patients with IgA nephropathy carry a risk of contracting celiac disease. It can be hypothesized that the increased intestinal permeability in IgA nephropathy may predispose genetically susceptible patients to celiac disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Endocrinological disorders and celiac disease.

Celiac disease is a permanent intolerance to dietary gluten. Its well known features are abdominal symptoms, malabsorption of nutrients, and small-bowel mucosal inflammation with villous atrophy, which recover on a gluten-free diet. Diagnosis is challenging in that patients often suffer from subtle, if any, symptoms. The risk of clinically silent celiac disease is increased in various autoimmune conditions. The endocrinologist, especially, should maintain high suspicion and alertness to celiac disease, which is to be found in 2-5% of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or autoimmune thyroid disease. Patients with multiple endocrine disorders, Addison's disease, alopecia, or hypophysitis may also have concomitant celiac disease. Similar heredity and proneness to autoimmune conditions are considered to be explanations for these associations. A gluten-free diet is essential to prevent celiac complications such as anemia, osteoporosis, and infertility. The diet may also be beneficial in the treatment of the underlying endocrinological disease; prolonged gluten exposure may even contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. The diagnosis of celiac disease requires endoscopic biopsy, but serological screening with antiendomysial and antitissue transglutaminase antibody assays is an easy method for preliminary case finding. Celiac disease will be increasingly detected provided the close association with autoimmune endocrinological diseases is recognized.

Bone Diseases↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Gluten-free diet and quality of life in patients with screen-detected celiac disease.

CONTEXT: Since the advent of serologic testing for celiac disease, most persons who receive a diagnosis of celiac disease have few or no symptoms. Although pathologic changes of celiac disease resolve on a gluten-free diet, how a gluten-free diet affects the quality of life for patients with screen-detected celiac disease is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a gluten-free diet on the quality of life of patients with screen-detected celiac disease. DESIGN: Prospective study of patients before and 1 year after initiating a gluten-free diet. PARTICIPANTS: 19 patients with screen-detected celiac disease (found by serologically testing first-degree relatives of celiac patients) and 21 consecutive patients with symptom-detected disease. In all cases, celiac diagnosis was confirmed by finding villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia on small-bowel biopsy. INTERVENTION: Gluten-free diet (explained during a single physician visit). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale (GSRS), in which scores range from 0 to 6 (higher scores represent worse symptoms); and quality of life measured with the Psychological General Well-Being Questionnaire (PGWB). Scores range from 22 to 132 (higher scores mean greater well-being). RESULTS: At baseline, patients with symptom-detected celiac disease had poorer quality of life and more gastrointestinal symptoms than those with screen-detected celiac disease. Reported compliance with the gluten-free diet was good. All mucosal lesions of the small bowel had resolved at the follow-up biopsy. After 1 year of following the diet, quality of life for patients with screen-detected disease significantly improved (mean PGWB score increased from 108 to 114; P <0.01). A similar increase was noted in patients with symptom-detected disease (mean PGWB score increased from 92 to 103; P <0.01). Gastrointestinal symptoms also improved in patients with screen-detected disease and in patients with symptom-detected disease (mean GSRS scores decreased from 1.8 to 1.4 and from 2.6 to 1.9, respectively; P <0.01 for both comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: Gluten-free diet was associated with improved quality of life for patients with symptom-detected celiac disease and patients with screen-detected celiac disease. Concerns about the burden of a gluten-free diet, at least over the short term, may be unfounded.

Adult↗