Biomedical subjects

Pengfei Wang

Publications and source records attributed to Pengfei Wang.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

Continuous theta-burst stimulation over the right DLPFC modulates central executive network connectivity in depression: exploratory analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Previous studies suggest that transcranial magnetic stimulation exerts antidepressant effects and is associated with alterations in functional connectivity (FC), but the neural correlates remain unclear. This exploratory sham-controlled trial investigated the effect of continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on FC in major depressive disorder (MDD). Seventy MDD patients were randomized to receive two-week treatment of personalized cTBS or sham stimulation. Resting-state fMRI was performed at baseline and post-treatment. Ultimately, 31 patients in the active cTBS group and 28 patients in the sham group passed imaging quality control and were included in the final analysis. To identify the FC that may have been influenced by cTBS treatment, two complementary FC analyses were conducted: (1) voxel-wise degree centrality (DC) followed by seed-based FC, and (2) an individual FC analysis based on the stimulation targets. Furthermore, correlations between FC changes and clinical symptoms improvement were examined. Both groups exhibited reductions of depression scores, with greater improvement in the active group. Compared to the sham group, active cTBS showed increased DC in the precuneus and elevated FC between the precuneus (within the para-cingulate network) and the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and DLPFC. Further stimulation target-based analysis revealed increased FC between stimulation targets and both the precuneus and visual regions following treatment. Our findings reveal neural changes associated with cTBS over the right DLPFC in MDD, notably involving the precuneus and its connectivity with the right IPL/DLPFC, suggesting alterations within the central executive network. TRIAL REGISTRATION: chictr.org.cn; ChiCTR2300068273.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Leveraging environmental applications and risks of coal gangue: A critical review on authigenic inorganic heavy metals, organic contaminants, and the removal of exogenetic contaminants.

Coal gangue (CG) as bulk solid waste has seriously threatened the ecosystem. Therefore, identifying the key risk drivers and exploring feasible disposal methods for CG are essential for developing a sustainable strategy. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive information that balances the contamination risks with the valuable constituents present in CG, which hinders its full potential for sustainable use without negative environmental impacts. Given the complex composition and associated risks, we propose that addressing the critical properties related to contamination is crucial for the efficient utilization of CG. On this premise, we summarized several practical resource pathways (ecological multifunctional materials, extraction of rare elements, and soil additives) that are more favorable for sustainable development relative to conventional disposals. Meanwhile, we also propose that coupling disposals could intensely reduce CG's environmental footprints and capital costs. Consequently, regardless of the number of challenges to be solved, we believe the CG has broad application prospects, and we hope this review will promote the conversion of CG into an asset with lower ecological and social impacts.

Metals, Heavy↗

PubMed2006

Synthetic studies of complex immunostimulants from Quillaja saponaria: synthesis of the potent clinical immunoadjuvant QS-21Aapi.

QS-21 is one of the most promising new adjuvants for immune response potentiation and dose-sparing in vaccine therapy given its exceedingly high level of potency and its favorable toxicity profile. Melanoma, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, HIV-1, and malaria are among the numerous maladies targeted in more than 80 recent and ongoing vaccine therapy clinical trials involving QS-21 as a critical adjuvant component for immune response augmentation. QS-21 is a natural product immunostimulatory adjuvant, eliciting both T-cell- and antibody-mediated immune responses with microgram doses. Herein is reported the synthesis of QS-21A(api) in a highly modular strategy, applying novel glycosylation methodologies to a convergent construction of the potent saponin immunostimulant. The chemical synthesis of QS-21 offers unique opportunities to probe its mode of biological action through the preparation of otherwise unattainable nonnatural saponin analogues.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed2006

Low-cost wavelength measurement based on a macrobending single-mode fiber.

A low-cost all-fiber wavelength measurement technique is proposed and demonstrated. A macrobending standard single-mode fiber is developed as an edge filter with an optimal design and simple surface processing. A ratiometric wavelength measurement system employing the developed macrobending fiber filter demonstrates a resolution of approximately 10 pm in a wavelength range from 1,500 to 1,560 nm with ease of assembly and calibration.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2005

Synthesis of the potent immunostimulatory adjuvant QS-21A.

QS-21A is one of the most promising new adjuvants for immune response potentiation and dose-sparing in vaccine therapy, given its exceedingly high level of potency and its favorable toxicity profile. Melanoma, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, HIV-1, and malaria are among the numerous maladies targeted in more than 80 recent and ongoing clinical trials involving QS-21A as a critical component for immune response augmentation in microgram doses. Herein is reported the first synthesis and structure verification of QS-21Aapi, applying novel glycosylation methodologies in the convergent modular construction of this rare and potent natural product immunostimulant.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed2004

Loss of parafibromin immunoreactivity is a distinguishing feature of parathyroid carcinoma.

PURPOSE: A reliable method for diagnosing parathyroid carcinoma has remained elusive over the years, resulting in its under-recognition and suboptimal therapy. Obtaining an accurate diagnosis has become an even more pressing matter with recent evidence that germline HRPT2 gene mutations are found in patients with apparently sporadic parathyroid carcinoma. There is a high prevalence of HRPT2 gene mutations and biallelic inactivation in parathyroid carcinoma. We hypothesize that loss of parafibromin, the protein product of the HRPT2 gene, would distinguish carcinoma from benign tissue. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We generated a novel antiparafibromin monoclonal antibody and performed immunostaining on 52 definite carcinoma specimens, 6 equivocal carcinoma specimens, 88 benign specimens, and 9 hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT) syndrome-related adenomas from patients with primary hyperparathyroidism from nine worldwide centers and one national database. RESULTS: We report that the loss of parafibromin nuclear immunoreactivity has 96% sensitivity [95% confidence interval (CI), 85-99%] and 99% specificity (95% CI, 92-100%) in diagnosing definite carcinoma. Inter-observer agreement for evaluation of parafibromin loss was excellent, with unweighted kappa of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.79-0.98). Two equivocal carcinomas misclassified as adenomas were highlighted by parafibromin immunostaining. One of these tumors has since recurred, satisfying criteria for a definite carcinoma. Similarly, eight of nine HPT-JT syndrome-related adenomas showed absent nuclear immunoreactivity. CONCLUSIONS: Parafibromin is a promising molecular marker for diagnosing parathyroid carcinoma. The similar loss of parafibromin immunoreactivity in HPT-JT syndrome-related adenomas suggests that this is a pivotal step in parathyroid tumorigenesis.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed2003

The alpha-effect in the stereochemistry of kinetic ketonization of enols.

Kinetic control of the stereoselectivity of protonation of enolates and other strongly delocalized anionic species is involved in a large number of organic reactions. Protonation occurring from the less hindered side of the, e.g., enolic system affords the less stable of two diastereomers. However, one apparent discrepancy has been in the synthesis of prostaglandins. The present research deals with the source of this behavior. A curious effect of the substituent at the enolic alpha carbon was uncovered. In certain instances an alpha substituent is forced to twist into a conformation blocking the proton donor from its side, thus reversing the stereochemistry of protonation. In the course of this research, a number of five-ring enols of varying structure were investigated. Finally, the ketonization reaction course has been studied theoretically.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2002

Inter- and intramolecular stereoselective protonation of enols(1,2).

Kinetic control of the stereoselectivity of protonation of enolates and other delocalized species commonly affords the less stable diastereomer as a consequence of the considerable exothermicity and resulting sp(2) transition-state hybridization of the alpha-carbon. Protonation then is from the less hindered face of the enolate. The present study is aimed at reversing this phenomenon by intramolecular delivery of the proton. The approach employed required the synthesis of two enolate precursors, one with a 2-pyridyl group strategically close to the alpha-carbon and the other with a phenyl group in the same location. The synthesis required 15 steps and involved new methodology. Intramolecular proton transfer, reversing the usual stereoselectivity, was successful. The selectivity proved to depend on several factors including the exo versus endo configuration of the diastereomer reacting, the proton donor employed, and the concentration of the proton donor. A kinetic analysis permitted the determination of the relative reaction orders of the protonation on the two faces of the enolate.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2002

Intramolecular proton transfer.

[structure: see text] Reversal of the normal kinetic protonation stereochemistry results as a consequence of intramolecular delivery.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2002

Diagnosis and treatment of renal trauma in 298 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of renal trauma. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 298 patients with renal trauma was carried out. Among them, 272 (91.3%) had blunt renal injuries and 26 (8.7%) had penetrating injuries; 123 (41.3%) had multiple complicated intraabdominal injuries and 56 (18.8%) had concomitant shock. Normal-dose-IVU examination was used in 39 patients and double-dose-IVU in 44 patients, ultrasonography in 109 patients, and CT in 45 patients. Conservative and supportive therapy was done in 193 patients (64.8%) and operation in 105 patients (35.2%). RESULTS: The positive rate was 48.7% by the normal-dose-I VU examination and 90.9% by double-dose-IVU, 78.8% by ultrasonography, and 95.6% by CT. One hundred and eighty-three patients were cured by conservative therapy and 101 by operation. Fourteen patients died. CONCLUSIONS: B-ultrasound can be conveniently used for primary assessment of renal injuries, while CT shows rapid, accurate and proper condition of a renal trauma patient. The treatment depends on the severity of the injury. The conservative therapy is employed in most cases which present slight or moderate injury and no evident massive bleeding. Severe injury requires surgical exploration. The operative approach is by using a transabdominal incision, which makes it relatively easy to explore intraabdominal organs and control the injured kidney. It is also very important to control shock and prevent other severe complications in the early stage of the treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[Report on fourth epidemiological survey for tuberculosis in Heilongjiang province].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiological trend of tuberculosis, to evaluate the efficacy of control measures and to provide scientific evidence for provincial 2001 approximately 2010 tuberculosis control programme. METHODS: Tuberculin testing was carried out and BCG scar was examined among 0 approximately 14 years old children; fluroscopy was carried out for >/= 15 years old population and children of tuberculin testing positive; chest X-ray film, sputum smear and culture, drug sensitivity test were done for the patients of fluroscopy abnormal; the survey of tuberculosis infection rate for all population was carried out in 2 investigation points; a retrospective study of tuberculosis mortality was conducted at all investigation points; social economic study was done for the active pulmonary tuberculosis cases. RESULTS: The overall examination rate was more than 95%. The prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis was 512/100 000, the prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis was 121/100 000 and the prevalence of bacteriological positive pulmonary tuberculosis was 146/100 000. In comparison with 1979, the annual reduction rates were 3.2% for the prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis and 2.0% for the prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. In comparison with 1990, the annual reduction rates were 1.49% and 0, respectively. The prevalence increased slightly in city and decreased slowly in countryside. CONCLUSIONS: The smear positive prevalence has not decreased since 1990. The governments at different levels must pay more attention to tuberculosis control programme, increase the budget, strengthen law management, implement DOTS strategy.

Adolescent↗