Pere Roset | PubMed Health

PubMed2005

Prevalence and risk of gingival overgrowth in patients treated with diltiazem or verapamil.

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for gingival enlargement in patients treated with diltiazem or verapamil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted and data from 46 patients actually taking diltiazem or verapamil were compared with 49 cardiovascular controls that never received any of these drugs. All patients were examined for the presence of gingival enlargement using two different indices, the vertical gingival overgrowth (GO) index, and horizontal Miranda & Brunet (MB) index in the inter-dental area. Gingival index, plaque index, and probing depth were also evaluated. RESULTS: The total study population was 95:32 diltiazem-treated, 14 verapamil-treated and 49 cardiovascular control subjects. Gingival enlargement occurred in 31% (GO index) and 50% (MB index) of the patients taking diltiazem. Gingival enlargement in the verapamil-treated group was 21% for the GO index and 36% for the MB index. The prevalence of gingival enlargement was higher in the diltiazem- and verapamil-treated patients than in controls for both indices. The difference between the diltiazem-treated group and control was statistically significant (p=0.022 for GO and p=0.001 for MB), while the difference between the verapamil-treated group and controls was not significant. The risk of gingival enlargement (OR--Odds Ratio) associated with diltiazem therapy was 4.0 (1.2-13.1) for the GO index and of 6.0 (2.1-17.3) for the MB index. When the OR were adjusted for gingival index (GI) values, the risk of gingival enlargement was 3.5 (1.0-12.4) for the GO index and 6.2 (1.9-20.0) for the MB index. In the verapamil-treated group the OR values were not significant. The level of concordance between GO and MB indices in all three groups showed a kappa-value of 0.72 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Patients taking diltiazem are at high risk for gingival enlargement and gingivitis has a stronger effect than the drug treatment on gingival enlargement risk.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Hydroxytyrosol disposition in humans.

BACKGROUND: Animal and in vitro studies suggest that phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil are effective antioxidants. In animal and in vitro studies, hydroxytyrosol and its metabolites have been shown to be strong antioxidants. One of the prerequisites to assess their in vivo physiologic significance is to determine their presence in human plasma. METHODS: We developed an analytical method for both hydroxytyrosol and 3-O-methyl-hydroxytyrosol in plasma. The administered dose of phenolic compounds was estimated from methanolic extracts of virgin olive oil after subjecting them to different hydrolytic treatments. Plasma and urine samples were collected from 0 to 12 h before and after 25 mL of virgin olive oil intake, a dose close to that used as daily intake in Mediterranean countries. Samples were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry before and after being subjected to acidic and enzymatic hydrolytic treatments. RESULTS: Calibration curves were linear (r >0.99). Analytical recoveries were 42-60%. Limits of quantification were <1.5 mg/L. Plasma hydroxytyrosol and 3-O-methyl-hydroxytyrosol increased as a response to virgin olive oil administration, reaching maximum concentrations at 32 and 53 min, respectively (P <0.001 for quadratic trend). The estimated hydroxytyrosol elimination half-life was 2.43 h. Free forms of these phenolic compounds were not detected in plasma samples. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed analytical method permits quantification of hydroxytyrosol and 3-O-methyl-hydroxytyrosol in plasma after real-life doses of virgin olive oil. From our results, approximately 98% of hydroxytyrosol appears to be present in plasma and urine in conjugated forms, mainly glucuronoconjugates, suggesting extensive first-pass intestinal/hepatic metabolism of the ingested hydroxytyrosol.

Adult↗