Peter Hartl | PubMed Health

PubMed2004

[Infection sources in HNO- and jawbone regions in patients before valve replacement surgery].

BACKGROUND: Prosthetic valve endocarditis is a life-threatening complication after valve replacement surgery. Therefore, it is common to perform a screening for potential sources of infection before surgery in order to be able to do a prophylactic treatment. PATIENTS AND METHOD: The incidence of potential infectious sources of bacteremia in the dental, jaw and nasopharyngeal area was evaluated in 92 patients going to have valve replacement surgery. Screening examinations were an X-ray of the paranasal sinuses and a panoramic radiograph of the dental arch. Chronic apical periodontitis, cysts and remaining radices were counted as dental sources. Each shadow in the paranasal sinuses X-ray was seen as pathological and was further investigated by an otorhinolaryngologist. RESULTS: A potential infectious source was found in 49 patients. 42 patients had a dental infectious source with need for treatment. 19 patients showed a pathologic sinus X-ray (three aspergillomas, three sinusitis, the others had a chronic polyposis with no need for treatment). Twelve patients had dental as well as sinusoidal sources. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate did not refer to the appearance of infectious sources. Patients going to have a mitral valve replacement had most dental sources (61%), 47% of the patients with planned aortic valve replacement, 50% of the patients planned to get more than one heart valve replaced, 50% of the patients getting mitral valve replacement and CABG and 40% of the patients waiting for aortic valve replacement and CABG had dental foci. CONCLUSION: Screening for infectious foci before valve replacement surgery diagnosed foci in a high percentage of the patients. Nevertheless current data concerning whether a prophylactic treatment may reduce the incidence of prosthetic valve endocarditis are conflicting.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

A comparison between oral antiarrhythmic drugs in the prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: the pilot study of prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation (SPPAF), a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently occurs after cardiac surgical procedures, and beta-blockers, sotalol, and amiodarone may reduce the frequency of AF after open heart surgery. This pilot trial was designed to test whether each of the active oral drug regimens is superior to placebo for prevention of postoperative AF and whether there are differences in favor of 1 of the preventive strategies. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in which patients undergoing cardiac surgery in the absence of heart failure and without significant left ventricular dysfunction (n = 253; average age, 65 +/- 11 years) received oral amiodarone plus metoprolol (n = 63), metoprolol alone (n = 62), sotalol (n = 63), or placebo (n = 65). Patients receiving combination therapy (amiodarone plus metoprolol) and those receiving sotalol had a significantly lower frequency of AF (30.2% and 31.7%; absolute difference, 23.6% and 22.1%; odds ratios [OR], 0.37 [95% CI, 0.18 to 0.77, P <.01 vs placebo] and 0.40 [0.19 to 0.82, P =.01 vs placebo]) compared with patients receiving placebo (53.8%). Treatment with metoprolol was associated with a 13.5% absolute reduction of AF (P =.16; OR, 0.58 [0.29 to 1.17]. Treatment effects did not differ significantly between active drug groups. Adverse events including cerebrovascular accident, postoperative ventricular tachycardia, nausea, and dyspepsia, in hospital death, postoperative infections, and hypotension, were similar among the groups. Bradycardia necessitating dose reduction or drug withdrawal occurred in 3.1% (placebo), 3.2% (combined amiodarone and metoprolol; P =.65 vs placebo), 12.7% (sotalol; P <.05 vs placebo), and 16.1% (metoprolol; P <.05 vs placebo). Patients in the placebo group had a nonsignificantly longer length of hospital stay as compared with the active treatment groups (13.1 +/- 8.9 days vs 11.3 +/- 7; P =.10), with no significant difference between the active treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Oral active prophylaxis with either sotalol or amiodarone plus metoprolol may reduce the rate of AF after cardiac surgery in a population at high risk for postoperative AF. Treatment with metoprolol alone resulted in a trend to a lower risk for postoperative AF.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2003

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Acute Disease↗