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Peter Lind

Publications and source records attributed to Peter Lind.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Combined PET/CT in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: what is the impact of each modality?

PURPOSE: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is a well-established method in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) and negative 131I scans. This retrospective clinical study was designed to evaluate the impact of computed tomography (CT) and that of FDG-PET in combined FDG-PET/CT examinations on the restaging of DTC patients. METHODS: Forty-seven FDG-PET/CT scans of 33 patients with a history of DTC, elevated Tg levels and negative 131I uptake or additionally suspected 131I-negative lesions were studied. PET and CT images were analysed independently by an experienced nuclear medicine specialist and a radiologist. Afterwards a final consensus interpretation, the gold standard in our department, was provided for the fused PET/CT images and, if available, for supplementary investigations. RESULTS: Thirty-five investigations (74%) revealed pathological FDG-PET/CT findings. In summary, 25 local recurrences, 62 lymph node metastases and 122 organ metastases (41 lung, 60 bone, 21 other organs) were diagnosed. In 36 out of 47 examinations (77%), the original PET diagnoses were modified in the final consensus interpretation owing to the CT assessments. In 8 of the 35 pathological FDG-PET/CT examinations (23%), the final consensus interpretation of the PET/CT images led to an alteration in the treatment plan. CONCLUSION: PET/CT is a powerful fusion of two pre-existing imaging modalities, which not only improves the diagnostic value in restaging DTC patients with elevated Tg and negative 131I scan, but also provides accurate information regarding subsequent treatment options and may lead to a change in treatment management.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Cytokine mRNA profiles in pigs exposed prenatally and postnatally to Schistosoma japonicum.

The pig is a natural host for Schistosoma japonicum and a useful animal model of human infection. The aim of the present study was to assess the differences between the cytokine profiles in prenatally or postnatally S. japonicum exposed pigs. Seven prenatally exposed pigs, 7 postnatally exposed pigs and 4 uninfected control pigs were compared 27 weeks post exposure. Variables included worm burdens, tissue egg counts, liver pathology and mRNA levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1 and IFN-gamma in the liver and the caecum, assessed by RT-PCR. Infection intensity and level of septal fibrosis were significantly higher in the postnatal group compared to the prenatal group (P < 0.05). A significant increase of IL-4 (P < 0.01), IL-10 (P < 0.01), IL-12 (P < 0.01) and TNF-alpha (P < 0.05) mRNA level was also observed in the caecum of prenatally infected animals compared to the control group (P < 0.01). The prenatal group showed higher levels of TGF-beta1 in the liver compared with the postnatally infected group (P< 0.05) and the control group (P< 0.01). This suppressive immune response correlated with previously reported low hepatic pathogenesis in prenatally exposed pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Respective roles of thyroglobulin, radioiodine imaging, and positron emission tomography in the assessment of thyroid cancer.

Depending on the iodine supply of an area, the incidence of thyroid cancer ranges between 4 and 12/100,000 per year. To detect thyroid cancer in an early stage, the assessment of thyroid nodules includes ultrasonography, ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy, and conventional scintigraphic methods using (99m)Tc-pertechnetate, (99m)Tc-sestamibi or -tetrofosmin, and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in selected cases. After treatment of thyroid cancer, a consequent follow-up is necessary over a period of several years. For following up low-risk patients, recombinant thyroid-stimulating hormone-stimulated thyroglobulin and ultrasonography is sufficient in most cases. After total thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation therapy, thyroid-stimulating hormone-stimulated thyroglobulin should be below the detection limit (eg, <0.5 ng/mL, R: 70-130). An increase of thyroglobulin over time is suspicious for recurrent or metastatic disease. Especially in high-risk patients, aside from the use of ultrasonography for the detection of local recurrence and cervial lymph node metastases, nuclear medicine methods such as radioiodine imaging and FDG-PET are the methods of choice for localizing metastatic disease. Radioiodine imaging detects well-differentiated recurrences and metastases with a high specificity but only moderate sensitivity. The sensitivity of radioiodine imaging depends on the activity administered. Therefore a low activity diagnostic (131)I whole-body scan (74-185 MBq) has a lower detection rate than a high activity post-therapy scan (3700-7400 MBq). In patients with low or dedifferentiated thyroid cancer and after several courses of radioiodine therapy caused by metastatic disease, iodine negative metastases may develop. In these cases, despite clearly elevated levels of thyroglobulin, radioiodine imaging is negative or demonstrates only faint iodine uptake. The method of choice to image these iodine negative metastases is FDG-PET. In recent years the combination of PET and computed tomography has been introduced. The fusion of the metabolic and morphologic information was able to increase the diagnostic accuracy, reduces pitfalls and changes therapeutic strategies in a reasonable number of patients.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed2006

Is there a role for sandostatin treatment in patients with progressive thyroid cancer and iodine-negative but somatostatin-receptor-positive metastases?

INTRODUCTION: The aim of our study was to determine whether treatment with a long-acting somatostatin-receptor analogue is effective in patients with (131)I-negative but somatostatin-receptor-positive metastases from dedifferentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients were screened for the study. All of them showed progressive disease confirmed by radiologic evaluation, increasing serum thyroglobulin (Tg), and negative diagnostic or posttherapeutic (131)I whole-body scans (WBS). Eight of 12 patients (4 males and 4 females; age range, 57-89 years; 1 papillary thyroid cancer; 4 poorly differentiated follicular thyroid cancer; 1 follicular and anaplastic thyroid cancer; 2 anaplastic thyroid cancer) showed positive somatosatin-receptor expression in Tc-99m depreotide WBS/SPECT (Tc-99m Dep.WBS). Initially, in all patients fluorine-18 2-fluoro-2- D-glucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography ((18)F-FDG-PET-CT), Tc-99m Dep.WBS, and Tg measurements were performed. In the case of positive receptor scintigraphy, patients were treated with 20mg Sandostatin LAR (Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland) once per month intramuscularly over a period of 6 months followed by repeated (18)F-FDG-PET-CT, Tc-99m Dep.WBS, and Tg measurement to determine metabolic activity and tumor size. In case of tumor progression, the dose was increased to 30mg of Sandostatin LAR once per month. RESULTS: Only 3 patients were able to undergo long-term treatment. Two patients were treated with octreotide long-acting release (LAR) for 1 year and 1 patient for 1(1/2) years. All patients showed progressive disease during the treatment: an increase of serum Tg on one hand and an increase in the number of lesions and extent in tumor size visible on FDG-PET-CT and Tc-99m Dep.WBS on the other. During the treatment there was no change in receptor expression, nevertheless, clear tumor progression under therapy with a somatostatin analogue was visible in FDG-PET-CT and in Tc-99m Dep.WBS. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that all of our patients treated with a somatostatin analogue showed clinical progression and that our attempt to achieve a stabilization of the disease failed.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed2005

[Diagnosis, treatment and follow-up in the case of differentiated thyroid cancer].

For early diagnosis of thyroid cancer, ultrasonography (US) and US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy are the methods of choice. Thyroid scintigraphy using Tc-99m pertechnetate can underline the necessity of surgery in case of hypofunctioning nodules. Treatment of thyroid cancer includes total thyroidectomy and staging lymphadenectomy, in the case of lymph node metastases, radical neck dissection of the ipsilateral side. Four weeks after surgery, if TSH exceeds a value of 50 mU/l, with the exception of papillary thyroid cancer pT1a (TNM 1997), radioiodine remnant ablation using activities between 2960 and 3700 MBq I-131 is performed in all other cases. As growth of benign and malignant thyroid cells depends on TSH stimulation, thyroid hormone therapy using TSH suppressive doses (TSH, <0.03 mU/l) follows radioiodine remnant ablation. Additional fractionated external radiation therapy (50 Gy) may be administered in advanced cases (e.g., pT4 N1M0; TNM 1997). Standard follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer includes measurement of serum thyroglobulin, US of the neck and I-131 whole-body scintigraphy (I-131 WBS). With about 98% the sensitivity of thyroglobulin is very high under TSH stimulation. In case of elevated thyroglobulin, US is the method of choice to detect local recurrences and lymph node metastases of the neck. At defined intervals of follow-up or in case of increasing thyroglobulin, I-131 WBS will be performed under TSH stimulation. With the availability of recombinant TSH (exogenous TSH stimulation) the need to withdraw thyroid hormone over a period of 3-4 weeks (endogenous TSH stimulation) is no longer necessary to perform I-131 WBS. However, in about 20-40% of cases or in the course of disease after several radioiodine therapies, recurrences or metastases may be or become iodine negative. In this case, cationic complexes such as Tc-99m Sestamibi or Tc-99m Tetrofosmin are available to detect less differentiated metastases. In the course of dedifferentiation of malignant thyroid cells, the ability of iodine uptake decreases and uptake of glucose increases. This elevated glucose metabolism can be imaged using FDG PET. Today the combination of PET (metabolic imaging) and CT (morphologic imaging) using PET/CT fusion imaging is the method of choice to image iodine-negative metastases.

Biopsy, Fine-Needle↗
PubMed2005

Recombinant human thyrotropin is helpful in the follow-up and 131I therapy of patients with thyroid cancer: a report of the results and benefits using recombinant human thyrotropin in clinical routine.

There is no doubt that the availability of recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) is one of the milestones in the management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). It offers the opportunity to obtain representative serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and diagnostic whole-body scanning (Dx WBS) with 131I under adequate TSH elevation, while the patient continues to receive thyroid hormone. But rhTSH is also used with success in the treatment of local recurrences and distant metastases. In this retrospective analysis we were able to show that our excellent clinical experiences with the use of rhTSH (rare side effects and high compliance) could also be demonstrated by sufficiently elevated TSH levels and representative stimulated Tg measurements. Since April 2001 most of the patients with thyroid cancer in our hospital have undergone diagnostic examination (205 patients underwent 319 examinations) and 131I therapy (a total of 68 treatments) with rhTSH stimulation excluding the first radioiodine ablation of remnants after initial thyroidectomy. Our results show that under rhTSH stimulation 83.5% (diagnostic group) and 88% (therapy group) of our patients with DTC obtained a TSH level of greater than 80 mU/L after two injections of rhTSH (Thyrogen, Genzyme Corp., Cambridge, MA) 0.9 mg intramuscularly 24 hours and 48 hours before the administration of 131I. Only 2.3% (diagnostic group) and 0% (therapy group) demonstrated TSH levels less than 50 mU/L. Serum Tg levels under rhTSH-stimulated conditions showed that in 81.2% the serum Tg maximum was obtained on day 5. Because of the costs associated with periodically rhTSH-assisted Tg testing and based on the data of other studies we are now testing mainly on day 5 to identify residual tumor mass and to compare these Tg levels in the follow-up. Our experience demonstrates that the administration of rhTSH is a safe, effective, and-from an economic point of view- valuable tool in the management of patients with DTC.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed2005

Post-surgical use of radioiodine (131I) in patients with papillary and follicular thyroid cancer and the issue of remnant ablation: a consensus report.

OBJECTIVE: To determine, based on published literature and expert clinical experience, current indications for the post-surgical administration of a large radioiodine activity in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. DESIGN AND METHODS: A literature review was performed and was then analyzed and discussed by a panel of experts from 13 European countries. RESULTS: There is general agreement that patients with unifocal microcarcinomas = 1 cm in diameter and no node or distant metastases have a <2% recurrence rate after surgery alone, and that post-surgical radioiodine confers recurrence and cause-specific survival benefits in patients, strongly suspected of having persistent disease or known to have tumor in the neck or distant sites. In other patients, there is limited evidence that after complete thyroidectomy and adequate lymph node dissection performed by an expert surgeon, post-surgical radioiodine provides clear benefit. When there is any uncertainty about the completeness of surgery, evidence suggests that radioiodine can reduce recurrences and possibly mortality. CONCLUSION: This survey confirms that post-surgical radioiodine should be used selectively. The modality is definitely indicated in patients with distant metastases, incomplete tumor resection, or complete tumor resection but high risk of recurrence and mortality. Probable indications include patients with tumors >1 cm and with suboptimal surgery (less than total thyroidectomy or no lymph node dissection), with age <16 years, or with unfavorable histology.

Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular↗
PubMed2004

Fatality of future coronary events is related to inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins: a population-based prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 40% of men suffering a first acute coronary event die the first day; most of them never reach hospital. It is largely unknown whether a low-grade inflammation in healthy men predicts the fatality of future coronary events. METHODS AND RESULTS: Five inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins (ISPs; fibrinogen, orosomucoid, alpha(1)-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, and ceruloplasmin) were measured in 6075 apparently healthy men, 680 of whom had a first coronary event [nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) or death from coronary heart disease (CHD)] over a mean follow-up of 19 years. Of the 680 men who had a coronary event, 197 died the first day and 228 died within 28 days. Elevated ISPs were significantly associated with both nonfatal MI and CHD death, but the relative risks for CHD death were higher than for nonfatal MI. Among men who subsequently had a coronary event, the proportion of fatal events was related to the number of elevated ISPs at the baseline examination. The proportions who died the first day were 26%, 25%, 29%, and 35%, respectively, among men with 0, 1, 2, and > or =3 elevated ISPs (trend: P=0.01, adjusted for risk factors). The corresponding proportions who died within 28 days were 30%, 31%, 34%, and 38%, respectively (trend: P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Men who have been exposed to a low-grade inflammation many years earlier have higher fatality in future coronary events, with a higher proportion of CHD deaths and less nonfatal MI. This relation should be regarded when inflammatory markers are considered for risk assessment in primary prevention.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed2004

Incidence of obesity-associated cardiovascular disease is related to inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins: a population-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Although obesity is associated with increased inflammation, it is unclear whether this accounts for the increased cardiovascular risk in obesity. This population-based study explored whether inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins (ISPs) modify the cardiovascular risk in overweight or obese men. METHODS AND RESULTS: The ISPs (fibrinogen, orosomucoid, alpha1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin) were measured in 6075 healthy men, aged 28 to 61 years. The incidences of cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular deaths), cardiac events (fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction), and stroke were followed-up over 18+/-4 years. High ISPs were associated with an increased cardiovascular risk in all categories of body mass index (BMI). The age-adjusted relative risks for cardiovascular events in obese men (BMI >30) were 2.1 (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.4), 2.4 (CI, 1.5 to 3.7), 3.7 (CI, 2.3 to 6.0), and 4.5 (CI, 3.0 to 6.6), respectively, for those with 0, 1, 2, and > or =3 ISPs in the top quartile (trend P=0.002) (reference: BMI <25 and no elevated ISP). This trend persisted after adjustments for several potential confounders (P=0.02). Incidence of cardiac events showed similar relations with the number of elevated ISPs in obese men. CONCLUSIONS: The cardiovascular risk varies widely between obese or overweight men with high and low ISPs. Relationships with ISPs contribute to, but cannot fully explain, the increased cardiovascular risk in obese men.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Advantages and limitations of FDG PET in the follow-up of breast cancer.

18F-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) has been evaluated in breast cancer for the characterisation of primary tumours, lymph node staging and the follow-up of patients after surgery, chemotherapy and/or external radiotherapy. In contrast to both the low sensitivity and moderate specificity of FDG PET in the initial detection and characterisation of breast cancer and the low lesion-based sensitivity for lymph node staging, the results from use of FDG PET in re-staging breast cancer patients are very promising. A major advantage of FDG PET imaging compared with conventional imaging is that it screens the entire patient for local recurrence, lymph node metastases and distant metastases during a single whole-body examination using a single injection of activity, with a reported average sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 77%, respectively. In most studies the sensitivity of FDG PET is higher than that of a combination of conventional imaging methods. Limitations of FDG PET in the follow-up of breast cancer patients include the relatively low detection rate of bone metastases, especially in case of the sclerotic subtype, and the relatively high rate of false positive results. The rather low specificity of FDG PET can be improved/increased by utilising combined anatomical-molecular imaging techniques, such as a PET/CT tomograph. First results using PET/CT imaging in the follow-up of breast cancer patients demonstrate increased specificity compared with FDG PET alone. Both imaging modalities, however, offer to detect recurrent and metastatic breast cancer disease at an early stage and thus continue to demonstrate the efficacy of molecular imaging in patient management, despite the limited therapeutic options in recurrent and metastatic breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2004

In utero infection with PRRS virus modulates cellular functions of blood monocytes and alveolar lung macrophages in piglets.

The putative immunosuppressive effect of PRRS virus (PRRSV) on innate immune responses was studied in piglets infected in utero with PRRSV. Phagocytosis and oxidative burst capacities in 2-, 4- and 6-week-old in utero infected piglets were investigated and compared with age-matched control piglets. Phagocytic capacity of blood monocytes against Salmonella bacteria was investigated by flow cytometry. Oxidative burst in blood monocytes and in alveolar lung macrophages was investigated by luminol- and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, respectively. Decreased phagocytosis against Salmonella was found in blood monocytes from 4- and 6-week-old infected piglets compared to controls. In contrast, 2-week-old infected piglets showed phagocytic responses comparable to age matched control piglets. While oxidative burst capacity was increased in blood (PBMC) from in utero PRRSV infected piglets, the oxidative burst capacity of alveolar lung macrophages was decreased, especially in 2- and 4-week-old piglets, compared to age-matched control piglets. The present results indicate that in utero infection with PRRSV inhibits phagocytosis against Salmonella in blood monocytes as well as the oxidative burst capacity of alveolar macrophages. These observations indicate that PRRSV in utero infection induces at state of immunosuppression in piglets paving the way for enhanced secondary infections.

Acridines↗
PubMed2004

Follow-up of low-risk patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a European perspective.

OBJECTIVE: Because differentiated (follicular and papillary) thyroid cancer (DTC) may recur years after initial treatment, the follow-up of patients with DTC is long term. However, this population has changed, with more individuals being discovered at an earlier stage of the disease, so that previous follow-up protocols based mostly on data from high-risk patients no longer apply. We sought to develop an improved protocol for the follow-up of low-risk patients with DTC based on the findings of recent studies. METHODS: We analysed recent literature on the follow-up of DTC. RESULTS: Recent large studies have produced three important findings: (i) in patients with low-risk DTC with no evidence of disease up to the 6- to 12-month follow-up, diagnostic whole-body scan adds no information when serum thyroglobulin (Tg) is undetectable and interference from anti-Tg antibodies is absent; (ii) use of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone to aid Tg measurement is effective and provides greater safety, quality-of-life and work productivity than does levothyroxine withdrawal with its attendant hypothyroidism; and (iii) ultrasonography performed by an experienced operator is the most sensitive means of detecting neck recurrences of DTC. CONCLUSIONS: We present a revised follow-up protocol for low-risk patients taking into account the above findings. This protocol should help clinicians enter a new era of monitoring characterized by greater safety, simplicity, convenience and cost savings.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed2004

Follow-up and management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a European perspective in clinical practice.

As differentiated (follicular and papillary) thyroid cancer (DTC) may recur years after initial treatment, follow-up of patients with DTC is long term. However, this population has changed, with more individuals being discovered at an earlier stage of disease, so that previous follow-up protocols based mostly on data from high-risk patients no longer apply. We have proposed, in a previous issue of this Journal, an improved protocol for the follow-up of low-risk patients with DTC based on the findings of recent studies. We report here the case of a paradigmatic patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma, with the goal of illustrating the benefits of applying this algorithm in routine clinical practice. We also offer expanded and additional comments on various issues in the management of DTC.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Interdependence of hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism: novel pharmacological targets for diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes is a growing world epidemic which is fuelled by the increased prevalence of obesity, together with changes in lifestyle and nutritional habits. Current medical treatments for type 2 diabetes include stimulation of insulin secretion, inhibition of endogenous glucose production and enhancement of insulin sensitivity. However, more efficacious therapies are needed. Aberrations in the control of energy metabolism and substrate utilization are one of the hallmarks of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, and is reflected by tendencies of excessive accumulation of lipid products in tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver and the pancreatic islet beta-cell. Recent developments in understanding the interaction between carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism may guide us to novel pharmacological targets in this area.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Immunohistochemical detection of SWC3, CD2, CD3, CD4 and CD8 antigens in paraformaldehyde fixed and paraffin embedded porcine lymphoid tissue.

Identification of the different cell types of the immune system is important for in situ studies on the pathogenesis of infectious diseases in various animals, including the pig. Unfortunately, many monoclonal anti-leukocyte antibodies are only useful for staining frozen tissue sections with inherent poor tissue morphology, and are not readily adapted to formaldehyde fixed and paraffin embedded tissue with well preserved morphology. Seven well characterised monoclonal antibodies against porcine leukocyte antigens were tested on neutral buffered paraformaldehyde fixed and paraffin embedded porcine tissue sections using the highly sensitive tyramide signal amplification system. Combining this method with different antigen retrieval techniques enabled us to detect CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8 and SWC3 antigen expressing cells in porcine lymphoid tissue. Thus, we describe herein methods for the detection of several major cell types of the porcine immune system in fixed tissue with optimal preservation of histological details.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Scintigraphic findings in a patient with sickle-cell thalassemia and recurrent pain attacks].

The case of an eight years old African boy who suffers from sickle cell-thalassemia is presented. In the course of the disease frequent pain attacks occurred within the abdomen and extremities, recently also within the trunk. Local pain, at some occasions in combination with local swelling and always positive laboratory parameters for inflammation, hindered a solely clinical differentiation between bone infarcts and osteomyelitis. Bone scintigraphy, eventually in combination with bone marrow scintigraphy, can assist the clinician in the differentiation of aseptic bone infarcts versus secondary osteomyelitis. Based on the presented case scintigraphic results for bone infarcts, osteomyelitis and special scintigraphic pattern seen in sickle cell disease are presented. Furthermore, problems regarding the interpretation of the scintigraphies in relation to the delayed time after the beginning of pain attacks are discussed.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed2003

F-18-FDG-PET in a patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and MALT lymphoma recurrence of the thyroid.

We report on the case of a 86-year-old male patient with a rapidly growing nodule within the right lobe of the thyroid gland, which after hemithyroidectomy, turned out to be a mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the thyroid gland. In addition, Hashimoto's thyroiditis was reported in the thyroid tissue adjacent to the MALT lymphoma. During follow-up a second nodule emerged within the left lobe and, because of evidence of MALT lymphoma recurrence, F-18-FDG-PET was performed. F-18-FDG-PET imaged a clearly increased accumulation within the whole left lobe and isthmus. Thus, no differences in the degree of hypermetabolism could be imaged between the nodule and the adjacent thyroid tissue. To our knowledge, this is the first report about F-18-FDG-PET in a patient with MALT lymphoma of the thyroid. Literature search revealed only a few cases of MALT lymphomas in locations other than the thyroid gland that were studied with F-18-FDG-PET. In no case was F-18 FDG accumulation seen in the MALT lesions. However, clear F-18 FDG accumulation was reported in some patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. It is concluded that the intensive F-18-FDG accumulation within the whole left lobe and isthmus of the presented case was due to the coexisting Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Consequently, F-18-FDG-PET imaging does not seem to be indicated in a patient with MALT lymphoma and known Hashimoto's thyroiditis in order to evaluate the status of the MALT lymphoma.

Aged↗