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Biomedical subjects

Peter Vilmann

Publications and source records attributed to Peter Vilmann.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided Trucut biopsy adds significant information to EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration in selected patients: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided Trucut biopsy (EUS-TCB) has recently emerged as a method that seeks to overcome the limitations of EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) by providing a core-tissue specimen needed to increase the yield and accuracy of the diagnosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether EUS-TCB adds any information to EUS-FNA in selected patients and to assess the diagnostic yield, overall accuracy and complications of EUS-TCB as compared with EUS-FNA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study prospectively included 30 patients who had undergone both procedures. RESULTS: The yield of adequate tissue harvesting was similar for EUS-FNA and EUS-TCB (96.4% versus 89.3%, p=NS), with the same number of passes done. The diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA was also similar to that of EUS-TCB for the diagnosis of malignant mediastinal masses (73.7% versus 68.4%, p=NS). However, the accuracy for obtaining a specific diagnosis was significantly lower for EUS-FNA compared with EUS-TCB (5.3% and 68.4%, p<0.005). EUS-TCB did not appear to help as a rescue procedure in mediastinal tumours, after a false negative result of EUS-FNA. All cases of submucosal tumours were correctly classified by EUS-TCB as gastrointestinal stromal cell tumours (GISTs) or leiomyomas, while EUS-FNA raised only a suspicion of mesenchymal tumour. CONCLUSIONS: EUS-TCB was certainly useful when immunohistochemistry was needed, for example in submucosal tumours and lymphoma, as well as to confirm and characterize the primary or metastatic origin of mediastinal masses. The information provided by EUS-FNA and EUS-TCB is complementary, especially in selected cases where a complete histological diagnosis has an important impact on the clinical management.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy: equipment and technique.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA) is currently performed on a routine basis at many endoscopic centers and it is evident that this procedure has a major impact on the therapeutic management of patients by obtaining a definite tissue diagnosis from lesions outlined by endosonography. The reported yield of EUS-FNA is about 90-95%, with an overall sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 100%, respectively. Moreover, even minute lesions down to a size of 5 mm may be imaged and consequently biopsied. This Review describes the technique of EUS-FNA in detail, based on a literature review and the authors' extensive experience with this method. The endoscopes and needle systems available on the market are presented in detail. The biopsy procedure is carefully explained, as well as the preparation of the cytology smears. Finally, the limitations and complications of the procedure are reviewed in brief, stressing the low rate of complications (below 1-2%), most of them being minor and self-limiting. Currently endosonography has strengthened its position as a diagnostic and staging method, especially after establishing the method of FNA biopsy. Thus, EUS-FNA is very useful to establish an initial tissue diagnosis of malignancy, but also to accurately stage the patients preoperatively, influencing the decision-making process and reducing the morbidity and mortality that accompanies inappropriate surgical interventions in patients with advanced cancer.

Biopsy, Fine-Needle↗
PubMed2005

[Laparoscopic cholecystectomy as an outpatient procedure].

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to describe our experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy as an outpatient procedure in terms of complications, same-day discharge, and a registration of patient' postoperative pain, convalescence and contact with general practitioners. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective evaluation was done of the first 231 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in an outpatient clinic. RESULTS: Ninety per cent of the patients were discharged directly from the outpatient clinic, and a total of 93% of the patients were discharged within 24 hours of the operation. The readmission rate was 1%. Leakage from the cystic duct occurred in one case (0.4%), and no other injuries to the bile ducts were observed. The conversion rate was 1%. Within a week 54% of the patients had no pain and 55% of the patients had resumed normal activity. Postoperatively, 25% of the patients had contact with a general practitioner due to wound and other complaints that required no intervention. DISCUSSION: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is very suitable as an outpatient procedure due to its high same-day discharge rate and high patient satisfaction combined with low readmission and complication rates. Our study did expose, however, a high number of postoperative contacts with general practitioners due to non-surgical problems, which emphasizes the need for better patient information and cooperation with general practitioners to optimize the outpatient procedure further.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Endoscopic ultrasound guided biopsy performed routinely in lung cancer staging spares futile thoracotomies: preliminary results from a randomised clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Up to 45% of operations with curative intent for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can be regarded as futile, apparently because the stage of the disease is more advanced than expected preoperatively. During the past decade several studies have evaluated the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA) in lung cancer staging with promising results. However, no randomised trials have been performed, in which a staging strategy with EUS-FNA performed in all patients is compared with a conventional workup. METHODS: Before surgery (i.e. mediastinoscopy and subsequent thoracotomy) 104 patients from one hospital were randomly assigned to either a conventional workup (CWU), including EUS-FNA only for selected patients, or a strategy where all patients were offered EUS-FNA (routine EUS-FNA) in addition to CWU. Patients were followed up for a median period of 1.3 years (range 0.2-2.4 years). Thoracotomy was regarded as futile if the patient had an explorative thoracotomy without tumour resection or if a resected patient had recurrent disease or died from lung cancer during follow-up. Analysis was by intention to treat. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients were randomly assigned to routine EUS-FNA and 51 patients to CWU. EUS-FNA was performed in 50 patients (94%) in the routine EUS-FNA group and in 14 patients (27%) in the CWU group. In the routine EUS-FNA group five patients (9%) had a futile thoracotomy, compared with 13 (25%) in the CWU group, p = 0.03. CONCLUSION: Addition of routine-EUS-FNA to standard workup in routine clinical practice improved selection of surgically curable patients with NSCLC.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Endoscopic ultrasound guided biopsy versus mediastinoscopy for analysis of paratracheal and subcarinal lymph nodes in lung cancer staging.

BACKGROUND: Exact mediastinal evaluation of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is mandatory to improve selection of resectable and curable patients for surgery. Mediastinoscopy (MS) and endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA) are considered complementary, MS covering the anterior- and EUS-FNA the posterior mediastinum. Both methods can reach the paratracheal- and subcarinal-regions, but little is known about which method is most accurate, when compared in patients having both procedures performed. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the diagnostic value of MS and EUS-FNA with regard to mediastinal malignancy in the paratracheal- and subcarinal-regions. METHODS: Sixty patients considered to be potential candidates for resection of verified or suspected NSCLC underwent MS and EUS-FNA. The EUS-FNA diagnoses were confirmed either by open thoracotomy, MS or clinical follow-up. RESULTS: MS and EUS-FNA were conclusive for paratracheal or subcarinal mediastinal disease in 6 and 24 patients, respectively. Two patients with N2 disease diagnosed by EUS-FNA were upstaged to N3 by MS. The sensitivity for lymph node metastases in the right paratracheal region (2/4R) was 67% for EUS-FNA versus 33% for MS (p=0.69). In the left paratracheal region (2/4L) the sensitivity of EUS-FNA was 80% versus 33% for MS (p=0.06). In the subcarinal region (7) the sensitivity of EUS-FNA was 100% versus 7% for MS (p<0.01). The sensitivity for lymph node metastases in region 2/4L and/or 2/4R and/or 7 was 96% for EUS-FNA versus 24% for MS (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: In our hands EUS-FNA was superior to MS in the examination of paratracheal- and subcarinal-regions of patients considered for resection of lung cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

A prospective randomized comparison of curved array and radial echoendoscopy in patients with esophageal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Both curved array and radial scanning echoendoscopy are used for locoregional staging of cancer arising in the esophagus or cardia. The accuracy of TNM staging of these malignancies by curved array and radial EUS was compared in a prospective, randomized study. METHODS: Patients with cancer of the esophagus or cardia were examined by both curved array and radial echoendoscopy in randomized order by the same endosonographer in an unblinded fashion. The staging results and the examination time for the two echoendoscopies were compared and statistically analyzed, and finally compared with surgical and histopathologic staging. RESULTS: A total of 104 patients underwent EUS; 36 had surgical resection of the tumor, 26 surgical exploration without resection, and 42 did not undergo surgery. Comparison of the TNM staging results for the two echoendoscopies gave high kappa values (T, 0.77; N, 0.75; M, 0.89), indicating excellent agreement. The accuracy of curved array echoendoscopy and radial echoendoscopy by component of the TNM staging system were, respectively, T, 72% and 73%; N, 70% and 77%; and M, 61% and 57%. Mean procedure time for the curved array and radial examinations was, respectively, 15 and 12 minutes (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: There was no clinically relevant difference between curved array and radial echoendoscopy in the staging of cancer of the esophagus or cardia. The choice of echoendoscope for TNM staging in patients with these malignancies is, therefore, a question of personal preference.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Utility of endoscopic ultrasound for the diagnosis and treatment of submucosal tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

'Submucosal tumors' represent a bulge underneath the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract whose etiology cannot be determined by gastrointestinal endoscopy or barium studies. Because many of these lesions do not arise from the submucosa, these abnormalities have been recently referred to as subepithelial lesions. The aim of this review was to assess the value of EUS for the diagnosis and management of suspected subepithelial lesions. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is currently considered the investigative procedure of choice when a subepithelial lesion has been detected. EUS can determine the intra- or extramural location of the lesion, can differentiate vascular, cystic and solid lesions, and can characterize the layer(s) of origin or ultrasound characteristics (size, borders, homogeneity, anechoic areas or echogenic foci). EUS cannot differentiate exactly between benign and malignant tumors, but it can guide fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy or histologic needle biopsies, thus providing samples for cytology or histological analysis. EUS also offers valuable information on the clinical management, and helps to decide whether a lesion should be consequently followed, removed by endoscopy or by surgery. The introduction of EUS and endoscopic submucosal resection (ESMR) clearly changed the management of small subepithelial lesions (less than 3 cm). A clinical decision algorithm was subsequently developed, taking into consideration the information offered by most of the reviews and case reports. However, further prospective studies will have to establish the value and indications of ESMR (used in association with EUS), for the treatment of subepithelial lesions, as compared to surgery and follow-up.

Digestive System↗
PubMed2002

[Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy of suspected malignancy in the mediastinum has a major impact on the clinical decision process].

INTRODUCTION: A study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical impact of endoscopic ultrasound-guided, fine needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA) in patients with mediastinal masses suspected of malignancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty-four patients were referred for EUS-FNA. In all patients computer tomography (CT) had shown a lesion of the mediastinum suspected of malignancy, which was located adjacent to the oesophagus. The history of each patient up to referral for EUS-FNA was reviewed in order to evaluate the clinical impact of EUS-FNA. A board of thoracic specialists was asked to decide the further course of the patient if EUS-FNA had not been available, and this diagnostic strategy was compared with the actual clinical course after EUS-FNA. RESULTS: For the 79 patients, in whom sufficient verification was obtained, EUS-FNA had a sensitivity of 92%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, a negative predictive value of 80%, and an accuracy of 94% for cancer in the mediastinum. As a result of EUS-FNA, a thoracotomy was avoided in 18 of 37 patients (49%) and in 28 of 41 patients (68%) a mediastinoscopy was avoided. The direct result of the cytological diagnosis obtained by EUS-FNA was that a final diagnosis of small cell lung cancer was made in eight patients leading to referral for chemotherapy, and specific therapy could be initiated in another three patients with benign disease (sarcoidosis, mediastinal abscess and leiomyoma of the oesophagus). DISCUSSION: EUS-FNA is a safe and sensitive, minimal invasive method in the evaluation of patients with a solid lesion of the mediastinum, suspected by CT. EUS-FNA has a significant impact on patient management; it should be considered for diagnosing the spread of cancer to the mediastinum of patients with lung cancer in whom surgery is contemplated, as well as for the primary diagnosis of solid lesions located in the mediastinum adjacent to the oesophagus.

Adult↗