Biomedical subjects

Petra Hampel

Publications and source records attributed to Petra Hampel.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Perceived stress, coping, and adjustment in adolescents.

PURPOSE: To investigate age and gender effects on perceived interpersonal stress, coping with interpersonal stressors, and psychological adjustment among early and middle adolescents. Furthermore, the associations of perceived stress and coping with adjustment were examined. METHODS: The sample included 286 Austrian adolescents aged 10 to 14 years who attended the fifth to seventh grade. Self-report data on perceived stress, coping, as well as emotional and behavioral problems, were assessed. RESULTS: Fifth graders scored lower on maladaptive coping strategies and externalizing problems and reported more adaptive coping strategies than sixth and seventh graders. Compared with boys, girls evaluated a higher amount of perceived interpersonal stress and used more social support. Additionally, girls scored higher on maladaptive coping strategies and emotional distress and scored lower on distraction than boys. Problem-focused and emotion-focused coping were negatively related to emotional and behavioral problems, whereas perceived stress and maladaptive coping was positively associated with adjustment problems. These relations were stronger in female than in male adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluating multidimensional coping patterns is supported. Particularly, implementation of primary preventive programs during late childhood is suggested.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2006

[Behavioural inhibition and emotion regulation among boys with ADHD during a go-/nogo-task].

Current literature suggests an executive and/or motivational deficit to explain the deficit in behavioural inhibition of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, results of neuropsychological and psycho-physiological studies are inconsistent (Nigg 2001). Although in his earlier work in 1997 Barkley postulated an association between behavioural inhibition and emotion regulation, this subject has been widely neglected so far. First studies suggest an impaired emotion regulation of children with ADHD (e. g. Braaten a. Rosén 2000). The present study was aimed to scrutinize the results of experimental studies on an executive and/or motivational deficit in response inhibition and impairments in emotion regulation with a newly developed go-/nogo-task. A three factorial design (group x age x condition) with repeated measurements on the last factor was used to examine differences between 19 boys with ADHD and 19 male normal controls of two age groups (8-10 years old and 11-12 years old). A go-/nogo-task modified from the Testbattery for Attentional Performance (Zimmermann a. Fimm 1994) with five conditions was administered: neutral, feedback, reward only, response cost only, reward, and response cost. Apart from performance (commissions, omissions, reaction time, and its variability) emotional well-being and coping were recorded. Boys with ADHD showed a deficit in behavioural inhibition as well as reduced attention independent of condition. Young children with ADHD showed a higher reaction time variability than older ADHD-children. Additionally, all boys with ADHD reported increased challenge and more rumination but also enhanced situation control. Finally, response inhibition of all children was improved by feedback. First hints were given that especially the emotion regulation of the younger ADHD children seemed to be impaired. Thus, the study contributes to the fundamental discussion on an executive or motivational deficit in behavioural inhibition. But the results also draw attention to the importance of emotion regulation for the development of effective treatments of ADHD.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

[Coping and quality of life among children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder].

First studies suggest an impaired emotion regulation especially with negative emotions among children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which particularly emerged in the subgroup with comorbid conduct disorder. Moreover, first results have shown that quality of life of children and adolescents with ADHD are negatively affected compared to healthy controls. The present study examined differences in age and subgroup on coping and quality of life among boys with ADHD. Furthermore, coping and quality of life were compared to healthy norms. In total, N=48 boys with ADHD with and without conduct disorder (ages 8 to 12 years) were asked to complete self-report questionnaires on coping and quality of life. Fifth and sixth graders with ADHD reported less distraction than third and fourth graders. The subgroup with ADHD and conduct disorder showed more passive avoidance and resignation compared to the subgroup with ADHD alone. Compared to normative data, especially third and fourth graders with ADHD showed an increased maladaptive coping. Additionally, the subgroup with conduct disorder scored higher on all maladaptive coping strategies than the normative sample. Finally, all domains of quality of life were impaired among children and adolescents with ADHD compared to normative data. These findings support the consideration of emotion regulation and quality of life in the research of ADHD in childhood and adolescence to develop effective programs for prevention and intervention.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2005

[Gender and developmental effects on perceived stress, coping, somatic symptoms and psychological disorders among children and adolescents].

The aim of this one-year longitudinal study was to investigate gender and developmental effects on perceived stress related to interpersonal stressors, coping strategies, somatic symptoms and psychological disorders. Additionally, associations of perceived stress and coping styles at the first assessment with psychological problems at the second measurement were examined. In total, N = 169 Austrian children and adolescents (ages 10 to 13 years) participated in this self-report study. Compared to male children and adolescents, female counterparts scored higher on perceived stress related to interpersonal stressors and on social support but evaluated a lower amount of distraction. Moreover, girls reported higher levels of somatic symptoms and anxiety/depression. Boys showed a developmental increase in anger control problems and both genders showed developmental increases in antisocial behavior. Low levels of the emotion-focused coping strategies distraction and minimization were related longitudinally to emotional and behavioral disorders. The results support gender-adjusted stress management programs applied in the primary and secondary prevention.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2004

[Obesity and coping in childhood].

The aim of this study was to investigate everyday coping styles in obese children in comparison to healthy controls in dependence of gender. Furthermore, the correlations of eating behavior with coping styles were examined. In addition, groups with highest and lowest extremal scores in eating behavior were compared. Patients (N = 58) aged from 11 to 13 years, who took part in an in-patient education program, were asked to complete the German Coping Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (Hampel et al. 2001) and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire for Children (Franzen u. Florin 1997). Healthy controls were matched by age and gender and were asked to fill out the SVF-KJ. No differences between coping styles of obese children and adolescents and healthy controls were found. In obese children and adolescents, emotional and external eating behavior were positively correlated with maladaptive coping strategies. In comparison to previous findings in chronically ill children, differences in obese children and adolescents and healthy controls on coping styles could not be confirmed in the present study. However, results support that the eating behavior of obese children and adolescents is influenced by coping styles.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2004

[Enuresis: pathogenesis, diagnostics, and interventions].

This review summarizes the current scientific knowledge on enuresis. Enuresis is one of the most common disorders in childhood. New conclusions on classification, aetiology, clinical diagnostics and therapy could be drawn in the past years. Thus, recent results have shown that the previous classification of enuresis into nocturnal, diurnal and diurnal and nocturnal forms which is suggested by DSM-IV and ICD-10 is not sufficient. Daytime wetting consists of a heterogeneous group of syndromes, which should be considered as functional urinary incontinence. Primary nocturnal enuresis is mainly caused by biological factors. In contrast, psychosocial factors play an important role in the manifestation of the disease, especially in secondary enuresis. Diagnostical and therapeutical concepts have to consider the heterogeneity of this disorder. Evaluation studies were supported by effective intervention programs for nocturnal enuresis. But beneficial effects of treatments for functional urinary incontinence were not confirmed.

Child↗

PubMed2003

Multimodal patient education program with stress management for childhood and adolescent asthma.

The present study aimed to evaluate a multimodal patient education program carried out during inpatient rehabilitation. The program included cognitive-behavioral stress management training as a main component. The efficacy was examined in comparison to an education program without stress management. In total N=68 patients aged between 8 and 16 years were included in the post-treatment and N=46 patients in the 6 months follow-up assessment. Short- and long-term intervention effects of the multimodal education program were observed in relation to patients' age. The experimental treatment elicited significant improvements in adaptive coping in adolescents aged from 14 to 16 years. In contrast, substantial effects were not yielded for the control treatment. The results suggest that the multimodal patient education training has beneficial effects on stress management in adolescents with asthma. Results are discussed with regard to predictive factors for rehabilitation outcome.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Coping with stress by children and adolescents with cancer].

Children and adolescents with cancer not only have to cope with everyday stressors and developmental tasks, as do their healthy peers, but also with illness-related stressors. Thus, it can be assumed, that children and adolescents with cancer differ from healthy peers in coping. Stress reactions and adjustment have been investigated in recent studies. In contrast, coping styles have not often been in the focus of research. In this study, the coping of children and adolescents with cancer (n = 60, 8-13 years of age) was compared to the norm, measured by the German Coping Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (SVF-KJ; Hampel et al. 2001). The results indicated that the subjects with cancer used more positive and less negative coping strategies when confronted with school-related or social stressors. The results are discussed with respect to the experience with disease-related stress and the possibility of repressive coping.

Adaptation, Psychological↗