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Biomedical subjects

Petra Ratka-Krüger

Publications and source records attributed to Petra Ratka-Krüger.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

[External root resorption].

Root resorption may be a physiological (resorption of deciduous teeth) or a pathological process (resorption of permanent teeth). In the latter case an external and an internal form of resorption can be distinguished. Root resorption may occur on one tooth or on several teeth within a dentition and it may be caused by trauma, periodontitis, orthodontic treatment, internal bleaching, cysts, tumors, or by stimuli from a necrotic dental pulp. Current knowledge concerning the pathogenesis of root resorption and therapeutic approaches are presented. For cervical resorption, it is assumed that the stimulus for the resorbing cells originates from the bacteria within the gingival sulcus and along the affected root surface. The case presented here was initially diagnosed as chronic periodontitis of medium severity. Scaling and root planing were performed resulting in a significant improvement of the periodontal status. Two years later, following a period of irregular recall visits, the patient presented with large areas of cervical resorption on teeth 36 and 37 which made it impossible to preserve these teeth. After another six months, teeth 34 and 35 showed deep destruction caused by external root resorption, mandating the extraction of these teeth as well. Fourteen months later, external root resorptions were evident on teeth 32 and 33, and at the same time, a recurrence of the chronic periodontitis was noted. Periodontal therapy was performed under a systemic antibiotic regime. It was possible to preserve teeth 32 and 33 through surgical crown lengthening procedures. No additional resorption has been observed ever since.

Adult↗

Non-surgical periodontal therapy with adjunctive topical doxycycline: a double-masked, randomized, controlled multicenter study. II. Microbiological results.

BACKGROUND: Topical application of active substances offers an additional option in periodontal therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the administration of a novel, biodegradable 14% doxycycline gel on microbiological findings, in connection with scaling and root planing. METHODS: One hundred ten patients in three centers (Frankfurt and Heidelberg, Germany; Nijmegen, The Netherlands) with moderate to advanced periodontitis were evaluated in this randomized, double-masked, split-mouth clinical trial. In each patient, three test teeth were randomly assigned to one of three treatment modalities: 1) scaling and root planing (SRP) alone; 2) SRP with subgingival placebo gel (VEH); or 3) SRP and 14% doxycycline gel (DOX). Subgingival plaque samples were analyzed at baseline and 3 and 6 months after therapy for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.), Tannerella forsythensis (T.f.), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.), and Treponema denticola (T.d.) using a RNA probe. Samples from 10 patients were tested for resistance against doxycycline, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, clindamycin, and metronidazole using agar diffusion testing. RESULTS: The largest decrease in pathogens was found after 3 months, with the most pronounced differences between DOX and SRP (P <0.05). At 6 months, pathogens were still reduced markedly in all groups. Treatment results were consolidated for VEH and DOX, with a slight deterioration for SRP (DOX versus SRP: P <0.001). Resistance was observed to amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, clindamycin, and metronidazole (four isolates) but not to doxycycline. CONCLUSION: The addition of subgingival instillation of a 14% doxycycline gel resulted in pronounced reduction of periodontal pathogens after 3 months and stabilizing results up to 6 months after therapy. Resistance to doxycycline was not induced.

Administration, Topical↗

Subgingival topical doxycycline versus mechanical debridement for supportive periodontal therapy: a single blind randomized controlled two-center study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effects of topical subgingival application of a doxycycline gel compared to conventional mechanical debridement in supportive periodontal therapy. METHODS: 37 patients with residual or recurring periodontitis after systematic periodontal treatment at two centers (Heidelberg, Frankfurt) participated in this study. They had to exhibit at least one single-rooted tooth with either a probing depth (PPD) = 5 mm and bleeding-on-probing (BOP) or with PPD > or = 6 mm. The patients were randomly assigned to one of the two different treatment regimes: DOXY (exclusively subgingival application of a 14% doxycycline gel) or SRP (scaling and root planing with a sonic scaler). Clinical examinations (plaque index [P1I], PPD, vertical relative attachment level [RAL-V], gingival index [GI]) were performed before, 3, and 6 months after therapy. RESULTS: In 37 patients (19 female), aged 30-76 years with a total of 168 teeth were treated (DOXY: 79; SRP: 89). Six months after therapy, both groups exhibited statistically significant (P< 0.001) reductions of PPD (DOXY: -1.43 +/- 0.22 mm; SRP: -1.14 +/- 0.18 mm) and gains of RAL-V (DOXY: 0.79 +/- 0.22 mm; SRP: 0.72 +/- 0.19 mm). Multilevel regression analyses, considering the therapy of different numbers of teeth in different patients, failed to show statistically significant differences concerning PPD reduction and RAL-V gain between both therapies (DOXY/SRP). For both therapies, PPD reduction was significantly better in deeper pockets (PPD > or = 7 mm) than in shallow pockets (PPD: 5-6 mm).

Adult↗

Non-surgical periodontal therapy with adjunctive topical doxycycline: a double-blind randomized controlled multicenter study.

AIM: Evaluation of the clinical effect of topical application of doxycycline adjunctive to non-surgical periodontal therapy. METHODS: A total of 111 patients suffering from untreated or recurrent moderate to severe periodontitis at 3 different centers (Heidelberg, Frankfurt, Nijmegen) were treated in this double-blind split-mouth study. In each patient, 3 different treatment modalities were assigned randomly to 3 test teeth: scaling and root planing alone (SRP), SRP with subgingival vehicle control (VEH), and SRP with subgingival application of a newly developed biodegradable 15% doxycycline gel (DOXI). At baseline, clinical parameters were measured at all single rooted teeth using a reference splint: PlI, PPD, relative attachment level (RAL-V), GI. 3 strata were generated according to baseline PPD: (i) 5-6 mm, (ii) 7-8 mm, (iii) > or =9 mm. Not more than 50% active smokers were allowed to each stratum. 3 and 6 months after therapy re-examination was performed by examiners blinded to baseline data and test sites. The statistical comparison of RAL-V gain and PPD reduction between the treatments was based on a repeated measures ANOVA with correction according to Huynh & Feldt. The comparison of SRP versus DOXI was considered as the main study question. RESULTS: 110 patients finished the 3 months and 108 the 6 months examination. The study did not show adverse effects of VEH or DOXI except for one singular inflammation that occurred 2 months after application of the doxycycline gel. DOXI provided statistically significantly more favorable PPD reduction (SRP: -2.4+/-1.4 mm, VEH: -2.7+/-1.6 mm, DOXI: -3.1+/-1.2 mm; SRP versus DOXI p=0.0001, VEH versus DOXI p=0.0066) and RAL-V gain (SRP: 1.6+/-1.9 mm, VEH: 1.6+/-2.2 mm, DOXI: 2.0+/-1.7 mm; SRP versus DOXI p=0.027, VEH versus DOXI p=0.038) than SRP and VEH after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Adjunctive topical subgingival application of a biodegradable 15% doxycycline gel was safe and provided more favorable RAL-V gain and PPD reduction than SRP alone and VEH. Thus, by use of topical doxycycline the threshold for surgical periodontal therapy might be moved toward deeper pockets.

Administration, Topical↗

Pharmacokinetic profile of a locally administered doxycycline gel in crevicular fluid, blood, and saliva.

BACKGROUND: With the help of so-called controlled release delivery systems, the half-life period of locally administered antibiotics in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) can be extended significantly. The aim of this study was to characterize the delivery profile of a new one-component 14% doxycycline free amine gel for local application. Pharmacokinetics of doxycycline (DOXY) were analyzed in GCF, saliva, and serum. METHODS: Twenty patients with persisting or recurring pockets (probing depths > or = 5 mm and bleeding on probing) after mechanical treatment (surgical or non-surgical) took part in the study. In each patient 1 periodontal defect was treated with DOXY gel. Samples of GCF, saliva, and serum were obtained before application of DOXY gel; 15 minutes after application; at 2 and 5 hours; and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, and 11 days after application. Separation and quantitative measurement of DOXY was performed with high performance liquid chromatography and UV detection at lambda = 260 nm. RESULTS: Coefficients of variation were lower than 2% (intraassay) and 4% (interassay), respectively. For concentrations between 50 to 1000 microg/ml, we found a linear relationship between expected and measured DOXY values (linear coefficient of correlation: r = 0.998). Within the first 5 hours after application, concentration of DOXY in GCF (maximum after 15 minutes 19.97 +/- 5.85 mg/ml) and saliva (maximum after 15 minutes 17.83 +/- 2.84 mg/ml) was similar. Then concentration fell to a lower level (28.90 +/- 19.44 microg/ml) compared to GCF (577.41 +/- 127.34 microg/ml) after 3 days. Up to 10 days after application, the concentration of DOXY in GCF was 34.24 microg/ml. With the exception of 1 patient, all serum samples were DOXY-negative. CONCLUSIONS: 1) After subgingival application of biodegradable 14% doxycycline gel, mean doxycycline levels in GCF that exceeded 16 microg/ml could be maintained for at least 12 days. Thus, the antimicrobial agent may be classified as a controlled release device. 2) The antibiotic effect was limited mainly to the subgingival sites of application of the doxycycline gel. 3) The doxycycline gel possesses the pharmacokinetic and clinical properties to deliver efficacious levels of antibiotics to the periodontal pocket and to maintain these levels for at least 1 week without the need of further drug retention by a periodontal dressing.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗