Biomedical subjects

Philip J Troped

Publications and source records attributed to Philip J Troped.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

School vending machine use and fast-food restaurant use are associated with sugar-sweetened beverage intake in youth.

OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between use of school vending machines and fast-food restaurants and youth intake of sugar-sweetened beverages. DESIGN: A cross-sectional observational study. SUBJECTS/SETTING: From a group randomized obesity intervention, we analyzed baseline data from 1,474 students in 10 Massachusetts middle schools with vending machines that sold soda and/or other sweetened drinks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Daily sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (regular soda, fruit drinks, and iced tea), purchases from school vending machines, and visits to fast-food restaurants in the preceding 7 days were estimated by self-report. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Chi(2) and nonparametric tests were performed on unadjusted data; multivariable models adjusted for sex, grade, body mass index, and race/ethnicity, and accounted for clustering within schools. RESULTS: Among 646 students who reported using school vending machines, 456 (71%) reported purchasing sugar-sweetened beverages. Overall, 977 students (66%) reported eating at a fast-food restaurant. Sugar-sweetened beverage intakes averaged 1.2 servings per day. In adjusted models, relative to no vending machine purchases, servings per day increased by 0.21 for one to three purchases per week (P=0.0057), and 0.71 with four or more purchases (P<0.0001). Relative to no fast-food restaurant visits, sugar-sweetened beverage servings per day increased by 0.13 with one visit per week (P=0.07), 0.49 with two to three visits (P=0.0013), and by 1.64 with four or more visits (P=0.0016). CONCLUSIONS: Among students who use school vending machines, more report buying sugar-sweetened beverages than any other product category examined. Both school vending machine and fast-food restaurant use are associated with overall sugar-sweetened beverage intake. Reduction in added dietary sugars may be attainable by reducing use of these sources or changing product availability.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Portable global positioning units to complement accelerometry-based physical activity monitors.

PURPOSE: This study examines the usefulness of complementing accelerometry-based physical activity measurement with spatial data from portable global positioning system (GPS) units to determine where physical activity occurs. METHODS: First, using the geographic distribution of data points and Bland-Altman plots, we examined GPS units' validity and interunit reliability by measuring the distance to a geodetic point. We also assessed interunit reliability by comparing GPS data collected in three built environment contexts. Second, we conducted a pilot study in which 35 participants wore GPS units and accelerometers in free-living conditions for 3 d. Moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) bouts were matched to GPS data. We classified each bout as occurring inside or outside the participant's home neighborhood. Using unpaired t-tests and Fisher's exact tests, we compared neighborhood attributes for participants having the majority of MVPA bouts within their home neighborhood, relative to those with most bouts away from their home neighborhood. RESULTS: Average distance from each unit to the geodetic point was 3.02 m (SD 2.51). Average bias among units using Bland-Altman plots was 0.90 m, ranging from -0.22 to 1.86 m, within the limits of agreement. For interunit reliability in the built environment contexts, the mean distance difference among units ranged between 10.7 m (SD 11.9) and 20.1 m (SD 21.8). For the pilot study involving participants, GPS data were available for 59.3% of all bouts (67% of MVPA time), of which 46% were in the participants' neighborhood. Participants obtaining most of their MVPA in their neighborhoods tend to live in areas with higher population density, housing unit density, street connectivity, and more public parks. CONCLUSION: Data recorded by portable GPS units is sufficiently precise to track participants' movements. Successful matching of activity monitor and locational data suggests GPS is a promising tool for complementing accelerometry-based physical activity measures. Our pilot analysis shows evidence that the relationship between environment and activity can be clarified by examining where physical activity occurs.

Acceleration↗

PubMed2004

Cardiovascular disease risk reduction: the Massachusetts WISEWOMAN project.

BACKGROUND: This report presents the effectiveness of the Massachusetts Well-Integrated Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation (WISEWOMAN) Project (MWWP) in reducing the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk of uninsured and underinsured women aged > or =50. METHODS: Healthcare sites were randomly assigned to an enhanced intervention (EI) or minimum intervention (MI). Women enrolled at all sites received CVD risk factor screening, onsite counseling, education, referral, and follow-up as needed. Women enrolled at EI sites received additional services and specially designed interventions, including one-on-one nutritional and physical activity counseling and group activities, such as walking groups, nutrition classes, and cultural festivals. We report results for 1443 women who attended the initial screening in 10 study sites. Blood pressure, total cholesterol, number of servings of fruits and vegetables, and level of moderate or vigorous physical activity were assessed at baseline and 12-month follow-up screenings. Baseline data were collected between March and June 1996; follow-up data were collected 12 months later. RESULTS: The comprehensive screenings significantly lowered the overall prevalence of hypertension, resulting in a 7% reduction in high blood pressure among women at the EI sites (p = 0.02) and a 9% reduction at MI sites (p = 0.009). A significantly greater percentage of women became physically active at the EI sites (18%) than at the MI sites (6%) (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: MWWP is a promising model for providing comprehensive preventive healthcare to uninsured and underinsured women.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Correlates of recreational and transportation physical activity among adults in a New England community.

BACKGROUND: Promotion of transportation-related physical activity is consistent with current national recommendations. However, few studies have simultaneously examined correlates of recreational and transportation physical activity. METHODS: Surveys were mailed to 1002 adults residing in a Massachusetts suburb. The survey included measures of self-reported recreational and transportation-related physical activity and demographic, cognitive, interpersonal, and environmental variables potentially correlated with activity. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the associations between environmental variables and the two outcomes. RESULTS: Respondents (n = 413) who averaged 51.2 +/- 16.8 years of age reported 132.3 +/- 140.5 min/week recreational physical activity and 142.1 +/- 180.9 min/week transportation activity. Sidewalks (P = 0.02) and traffic (P = 0.01) were each associated with higher levels of recreational physical activity in unadjusted analyses, but in models that controlled for age, self-efficacy for physical activity and family social support for physical activity, these environmental variables were nonsignificant. Three perceived environmental variables (enjoyable scenery, sidewalks, traffic) and one objective environmental variable (distance from home to a community rail-trail) each showed associations (P </= 0.05) with transportation-related physical activity in models that controlled for age and self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Neighborhood physical environmental variables were associated with transportation physical activity, but not with recreational physical activity. Further research is needed to identify shared and unique correlates of recreational and transportation physical activity in urban, suburban, and rural settings.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cost-effectiveness of a cardiovascular disease risk reduction program aimed at financially vulnerable women: the Massachusetts WISEWOMAN project.

OBJECTIVE: The Massachusetts WISEWOMAN Project is a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction program targeting older uninsured and underinsured women. The cost-effectiveness of providing CVD screening and enhanced lifestyle interventions (EI), compared with providing CVD screening and a minimum intervention (MI), was assessed at five El and six MI healthcare sites. METHODS: Cost calculations were based on data collected during screenings and intervention activities conducted with 1586 women in 1996. Risk factor data, including cholesterol and blood pressure measures, were used to create a summary effectiveness outcome, the 10-year probability of developing coronary heart disease (CHD). The cost-effectiveness ratio of the EI, compared with the MI, was calculated by dividing the incremental cost of the EI by the incremental effectiveness of the EI. RESULTS: The incremental cost of the EI was $191. During the 1-year study period, the 10-year probability of CHD decreased from 9.4% to 9.2% in the MI group and from 10.3% to 9.8%in the El group. Based on these results, it would cost $637 to achieve a 1 percentage point larger decrease in the 10-year probability of CHD for women enrolled in the El. However, because differences between groups were not statistically significant, we cannot reject the hypothesis that the El results in no greater reductions in CHD risk. CONCLUSIONS: Although women enrolled in both the MI and El showed decreases in CHD risk during the study period, future research is needed to assess the impact of lifestyle interventions targeting financially disadvantaged women.

Aged↗