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Biomedical subjects

Philippe P Hujoel

Publications and source records attributed to Philippe P Hujoel.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Cessation of periodontal care during pregnancy: effect on infant birthweight.

The goal of this study was to assess whether interruption of care for chronic periodontitis during pregnancy increased the risk of low-birthweight infants. A population-based case-control study was designed with 793 cases (infants < 2,500 g) and a random sample of 3,172 controls (infants >or= 2,500 g). Generalized estimating equation models were used to relate periodontal treatment history to low birthweight risk and to common risk factors. The results indicate that periodontal care utilization was associated with a 2.35-fold increased odds of self-reported smoking during pregnancy (95% confidence interval: 1.48-3.71), a 2.19-fold increased odds for diabetes (95% confidence interval: 1.21-3.98), a 3.90-fold increased odds for black race (95% confidence interval: 2.31-6.61), and higher maternal age. After adjustment for these factors, interruption of periodontal care during pregnancy did not lead to an increased risk for a low-birthweight infant when compared to women with no history of periodontal care (odds ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.60-1.52). In conclusion, women receiving periodontal care had genetic and environmental characteristics, such as smoking, diabetes and race, that were associated with an increased risk for low-birthweight infants. Periodontal care patterns, in and of themselves, were unrelated to low-birthweight risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Number of teeth and residual alveolar ridge height in subjects with a history of self-reported osteoporotic fractures.

The purpose of this case-control study was to determine if elderly subjects with a history of osteoporotic fractures have fewer teeth and greater residual ridge resorption than subjects without such fractures. Patients older than 60 with a panoramic radiograph were invited to a phone interview. Information was obtained regarding fracture history, smoking, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The number of teeth was obtained from the panoramic radiograph. The residual ridge height of the edentulous mandible was measured at the site of the mental foramen. Multiple regression models were used to assess the association between fracture status and number of teeth or residual ridge height (controlling for age, gender, HRT, smoking, height and weight). Cases (n=93) were individuals reporting osteoporotic fractures (fractures occurring after minor impact). Controls (n=394) were individuals reporting traumatic fractures (n=105) or no fractures (n=289). Fracture status in this population affect neither the number of teeth nor the residual ridge height. In the regression model, the variables that had a statistically-significant effect on the number of teeth were age (p<0.0001) and smoking (p<0.0001). There was a dose-effect of smoking on the number of teeth. In the regression model, the variables that had a significantly-significant on residual ridge height (n=95 edentulous subjects) were age and gender. Our conclusion was that in elderly dental-school patients the number of teeth and residual ridge height were not influenced by fracture status. Age and smoking had the most influence; there was no effect from HRT. The clinical implication is that a history of osteoporotic fractures is not an important cause for tooth loss and residual ridge resorption in an elderly dental-school population.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Antepartum dental radiography and infant low birth weight.

CONTEXT: Both high- and low-dose radiation exposures in women have been associated with low-birth-weight offspring. It is unclear if radiation affects the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis and thereby indirectly birth weight, or if the radiation directly affects the reproductive organs. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether antepartum dental radiography is associated with low-birth-weight offspring. DESIGN: A population-based case-control study. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Enrollees of a dental insurance plan with live singleton births in Washington State between January 1993 and December 2000. Cases were 1117 women with low-birth-weight infants (<2500 g), of whom 336 were term low-birth-weight infants (1501-2499 g and gestation > or =37 weeks). Four control pregnancies resulting in normal-birth-weight infants (> or =2500 g) were randomly selected for each case (n = 4468). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds of low birth weight and term low birth weight by dental radiographic dose during gestation. RESULTS: An exposure higher than 0.4 milligray (mGy) during gestation occurred in 21 (1.9%) mothers of low-birth-weight infants and, when compared with women who had no known dental radiography, was associated with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) for a low-birth-weight infant of 2.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-4.66, P =.03). Exposure higher than 0.4 mGy occurred in 10 (3%) term low-birth-weight pregnancies and was associated with an adjusted OR for a term low-birth-weight infant of 3.61 (95% CI, 1.46-8.92, P =.005). CONCLUSION: Dental radiography during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight, specifically with term low birth weight.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Dental care use and self-reported dental problems in relation to pregnancy.

OBJECTIVES: We examined the relationships between risk factors amenable to intervention and the likelihood of dental care use during pregnancy. METHODS: We used data from the Washington State Department of Health's Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. RESULTS: Of the women surveyed, 58% reported no dental care during their pregnancy. Among women with no dental problems, those not receiving dental care were at markedly increased risk of having received no counseling on oral health care, being overweight, and using tobacco. Among women who received dental care, those with dental problems were more likely to have lower incomes and Medicaid coverage than those without dental problems. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for enhanced education and training of maternity care providers concerning oral health in pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

An exploration of the periodontitis-cancer association.

PURPOSE: Periodontitis has been linked to the occurrence of various systemic diseases. The goal of this study was to explore the periodontitis-cancer association in the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. METHODS: Data were available on 11,328 adults, age 25 to 74 years, who were diagnosed as dentate individuals with either periodontitis (n = 2092), gingivitis (n = 2603), a healthy periodontium (n = 2,671), or as individuals without teeth (edentulous n = 3,962) at the beginning of the follow-up. The main outcome measure was fatal cancer, as ascertained from death certificates. RESULTS: Compared with individuals with a healthy periodontium, fatal cancer occurrence was positively associated with periodontitis at baseline (age and gender adjusted odds ratio = 1.55, 95% confidence interval: 1.25-1.92). Of the different cancer types, lung cancer demonstrated the strongest association. After adjustment for known risk factors for lung cancer, the magnitude of the association between periodontitis and lung cancer ranged between 1.48 (95% confidence interval: 0.88-2.50) and 1.73 (95% confidence interval: 1.01-2.97). CONCLUSIONS: Associations between periodontitis and lung cancer mortality can be identified above and beyond adjustment for known risk factors for lung cancer. Despite these apparent unconfounded associations, there are reasons to believe that the periodontitis-cancer associations may be spurious.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Response to direct and indirect recruitment for a randomised dental clinical trial in a multicultural population of elders.

OBJECTIVES: Recruitment for randomised clinical trials and community-based studies has received little attention in the dental literature. The goal of this study was to report on our experiences with direct and indirect recruitment methods for a trial to prevent tooth loss in elders. METHODS: A direct approach, consisting of an introductory lecture with the help of a local contact person in each of the nine community centres, resulted in 208 recruits mostly from minority non-English speaking communities (52%), whereas the other 192 recruits who responded to newspaper announcements (48%) were, in large part, from the English-speaking community. RESULTS: The response suggests that a more direct and culturally specific approach is more productive when recruiting elders from ethnic minority groups, whereas elders from the dominant culture can be recruited indirectly and for about half the financial cost through newspaper announcements. CONCLUSION: We conclude, therefore, that both direct and indirect methods are needed to recruit a multiethnic sample of subjects for a trial.

Aged↗