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Phillipa J Hay

Publications and source records attributed to Phillipa J Hay.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Post-trial 12-month follow-up of TRACE (targeted research on addictive and compulsive eating) randomised controlled trial participants: A brief report.

Few treatment interventions for addictive eating have evaluated long-term effectiveness. This post-trial follow-up study evaluates secondary changes in addictive eating symptoms and quality of life at 12-months in a sample of individuals who participated in the TRACE (Targeted Research for Addictive and Compulsive Eating) RCT. Thirty-three adults out of possible 144 (82% female), median age 53 years, randomised to either the active intervention (five telehealth sessions delivered over 3-months), passive intervention (self-guided workbook) or control group completed an online post-trial survey. Pre- and immediate post-intervention (3-months) outcomes were compared to 12-months post-trial outcomes. Positive effects reported in the short term showed a rebound effect at post-trial follow-up in ∼50% of participants. The findings suggest that longer term support is needed to maintain changes in addictive eating behaviours and improve quality of life. Future research is needed to identify optimal intervention durations and support options for sustained change. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621001079831).

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Recurrent binge eating with and without the "undue influence of weight or shape on self-evaluation": implications for the diagnosis of binge eating disorder.

Levels of eating disorder psychopathology, impairment in psycho-social functioning and use of health services were compared among probable cases of binge eating disorder (BED) with and without extreme weight or shape concerns ("undue influence of weight or shape on self-evaluation") recruited from a large community sample of women. Data for obese non-binge eaters (n=457), also recruited from the community sample, and for a clinical sample of eating disorder patients (n=128), recruited separately, were included for comparative purposes. BED cases who reported extreme weight or shape concerns (n=51, 46.4%) had significantly higher levels of eating disorder psychopathology and functional impairment than those who did not report such concerns (n=59), after controlling for between-group differences in age and body weight. In addition, BED cases who reported extreme weight or shape concerns were more likely to have sought treatment for an eating or weight problem than those who did not. Whereas levels of eating disorder psychopathology and functional impairment were markedly elevated among BED cases with extreme weight or shape concerns, BED cases who did not report extreme weight or shape concerns resembled obese non-binge eaters in most respects. The findings support the inclusion of an undue influence of weight or shape on self-evaluation as a diagnostic criterion for BED. In the absence of this influence, eating disorders that otherwise resemble BED do not appear to be "clinically significant".

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

An update on the definition of "excessive exercise" in eating disorders research.

OBJECTIVE: The current study informed the definition of "excessive exercise" by examining relations between exercise behavior, eating-disordered behavior, and quality of life (QOL) in a community sample of women. METHOD: Self-report measures of frequency of exercise, obligatory exercise and motivation for exercise, and of eating disorder psychopathology and QOL, were completed by 3,472 women aged 18-42 years who engaged in regular exercise. RESULTS: The extent to which exercise is intended to influence weight or shape and the degree to which guilt is experienced when exercise is postponed were the exercise variables most strongly associated with elevated levels of eating disorder psychopathology and reduced QOL. Subgroups of participants who reported exercising solely for weight and shape reasons (n = 322 [9.3%]), intense guilt after postponement of exercise (n = 136 [3.9%]), or both (n = 116 [3.3%]), had markedly elevated levels of eating disorder psychopathology. There was no association between excessive exercise and reduced QOL after the effects of eating disorder psychopathology were statistically controlled. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that exercise is excessive when its postponement is accompanied by intense guilt or when it is undertaken solely to influence weight or shape. Operational definitions of excessive exercise might usefully include reference to these terms. The findings may also be of benefit in informing the content of prevention programs, which address dysfunctional exercise behavior. Excessive exercise is unlikely to be associated with impairment in psychosocial functioning in the absence of eating disorder psychopathology. It may, however, be a useful indicator of such psychopathology.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2006

Correlates of the use of purging and non-purging methods of weight control in a community sample of women.

OBJECTIVE: To inform the classification of bulimic-type eating disorders, the correlates of purging and non-purging methods of weight control were examined in a large community sample of young adult women reporting recurrent episodes of binge eating. METHOD: Scores on self-report measures of eating disorder psychopathology, functional impairment and health-service utilization were compared among individuals who reported (recurrent episodes of binge eating and) the use of either purging (self-induced vomiting, laxative or diuretic misuse; n = 41) or non-purging (extreme dietary restriction, excessive exercise, or use of diet pills; n = 62) methods of weight control. Individuals who reported recurrent binge eating in the absence of extreme weight control behaviours (n = 442) were also included in the analysis. RESULTS: Non-purgers tended to be younger and heavier and have higher levels of eating disorder psychopathology and functional impairment than purgers and non-compensating binge eaters, however these differences were not statistically significant. Purgers were more likely than non-purgers to have sought treatment specifically for a problem with eating, however this difference was no longer significant after age and body mass index were statistically controlled. In multivariate analysis, frequency of extreme dietary restriction was the best predictor of functional impairment. CONCLUSIONS: These findings call into question the validity of subtyping of bulimia nervosa into purging and non-purging forms as outlined in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Correlates of self-induced vomiting and laxative misuse in a community sample of women.

The correlates of self-induced vomiting and laxative misuse were examined in a large community sample of young adult women (N = 5255). Scores on measures of eating disorder psychopathology, general psychological distress, functional impairment, as well as the use of health services for an eating or weight problem were compared among participants who reported regular self-induced vomiting, but not laxative misuse (N = 59), and those who reported regular misuse of laxatives, but not vomiting (N = 39). Individuals who misused laxatives were older, perceived poorer physical health, and were less likely to have sought treatment specifically for a problem with eating than those who engaged in self-induced vomiting. In all other respects, the groups were similar. However, individuals who regularly engaged in both forms of purging (N = 8) had particularly high levels of eating disorder and comorbid psychopathology. The perception among women of normal weight that only syndromes involving the use of self-induced vomiting constitute an eating disorder may need to be addressed in prevention programs. The combination of self-induced vomiting and laxative misuse may indicate a particularly severe psychiatric disturbance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Bulimia nervosa.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗
PubMed2004

Beliefs of the public concerning the helpfulness of interventions for bulimia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the beliefs of women concerning the helpfulness of various possible interventions for bulimia nervosa. METHOD: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with a community sample of 208 women aged 18-45 years. Respondents were presented with a vignette describing a fictional person meeting diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa and were asked to indicate whether various persons, treatments, medications, and self-help activities would be helpful, harmful, or neither helpful nor harmful for the person described. RESULTS: Respondents indicated that seeing a general practitioner (GP), counselor, or dietitian was more likely to be helpful than seeing either a psychologist or a psychiatrist. GPs were perceived as the individuals likely to be most helpful for the problem described, and most likely to be approached first, whereas counseling was regarded as the most helpful treatment. Self-help interventions, including the use of vitamins and minerals, were also highly regarded, while a minority of participants believed that anti-depressant medication would be helpful. CONCLUSIONS: Information concerning treatments that are effective for eating disorders should be included in prevention programs. Collaborations between mental health specialists and primary health providers are vital to ensure the optimal treatment of eating-disordered behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Nonresponse bias in a general population survey of eating-disordered behavior.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate nonresponse bias in a two-phase epidemiologic study of eating-disordered behavior. METHOD: Self-report questionnaires were delivered to a community sample of women aged 18-45 drawn from the electoral roll. Follow-up interviews were completed with a subgroup of respondents. Eating disorder psychopathology, general physical and mental health, and sociodemographic characteristics were compared among early (n = 259) and late (n = 71) respondents at the first phase of the study and among individuals with whom interviews were completed (n = 208) and individuals declining to be interviewed (n = 63) at the second phase. RESULTS: With respect to levels of eating disorder psychopathology, and on all other measures, individuals who responded at the first phase of the study only after repeated reminders did not differ from those who responded to the initial mailout, and individuals who declined to be interviewed did not differ from individuals with whom interviews were completed. CONCLUSIONS: Nonresponse bias among individuals declining to be interviewed is unlikely to pose a problem in two-phase epidemiologic studies of eating disorders. Further research is needed to examine the characteristics of nonrespondents at the first phase of such studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Temporal stability of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire.

OBJECTIVES: The current study examined the stability and internal consistency of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) in a general population sample. METHODS: The EDE-Q was administered to a community sample of women aged 18-45 on two occasions, with a median test-retest interval of 315.0 days. RESULTS: Pearson correlations between items of the EDE-Q assessing attitudinal features of eating disorder psychopathology ranged from 0.57 for the Restraint subscale to 0.77 for the Eating Concern subscale. The stability of items addressing eating disorder behaviors was much lower, with phi coefficients for the occurrence of objective bulimic episodes, subjective bulimic episodes, and use of exercise as a compensatory behavior of 0.44, 0.24, and 0.31, respectively, and Kendall's tau b correlations of 0.44, 0.28, and 0.31, respectively, for the frequency of these behaviors, across occasions. The internal consistency of the EDE-Q was high, with a Cronbach alpha coefficient for the global scale of 0.93, compared with a value of 0.90 for the Eating Disorder Examination interview. DISCUSSION: Items of the EDE-Q assessing attitudinal features of eating disorder psychopathology demonstrate a high degree of temporal stability, whereas the stability of items addressing eating disorder behaviors is much lower. In the case of compensatory eating disorder behaviors, low stability is likely to reflect actual trait variation, whereas the low stability of binge eating behaviors, in particular subjective bulimic episodes, is likely to reflect both trait variation and measurement error. The high internal consistency of EDE-Q items supports its use as a screening instrument in two-phase epidemiologic studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Beliefs of women concerning causes and risk factors for bulimia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the beliefs of women concerning causes and risk factors for eating-disordered behaviour. METHOD: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with a community sample of 208 women aged 18-45 years. Respondents were presented with a vignette describing a fictional person meeting diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa (BN) and were asked to indicate whether each of several factors was 'very likely', 'likely' or 'not likely' to be a cause of the problem described, which factor was most likely to be a cause, and whether particular subgroups of people would be 'more likely', 'less likely' or 'equally likely' to have or develop the problem described. RESULTS: 'Having low self-esteem' was considered very likely to be a cause of BN by 75.0% of respondents, and the most likely cause by 40.5% of respondents. Other factors perceived as significant were 'problems from childhood', 'portrayal of women in the media', 'being overweight as a child or adolescent' and 'day-to-day problems', while genetic factors and pre-existing psychological problems were perceived to be of minor significance. Most respondents believed that women aged under 25 years were at greatest risk of having or developing BN. CONCLUSIONS: Women's beliefs concerning causes and risk factors for BN are generally consistent with empirical evidence. However, information concerning the increased risk associated with pre-existing anxiety and affective disorders might usefully be included in prevention programs. Systematic investigation of the benefits of addressing individuals' beliefs concerning risk factors for eating disorders - as opposed to risk factors per se - would be of interest.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The neuropsychiatry of carbon monoxide poisoning in attempted suicide: a prospective controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: There are few prospective comprehensive controlled studies of the neuropsychiatric outcome in people who attempt suicide with carbon monoxide (CO). The present study aimed to evaluate this. METHODS: A consecutive series of 41 adults (81% men) with CO exposure presenting over 3 years, and 20 matched controls, were evaluated with instruments to assess orientation, attention, concentration, speed of information processing, verbal memory, premorbid intellect, executive function (working memory, verbal fluency and set-switching), mood disorder, psychotic disorder, alcohol dependence and obsessive-compulsive disorder, levels of depression, hopelessness, suicide intent, anxiety, neurobehavioural function and social and interpersonal functioning. At 2 months follow-up, the neuropsychological battery was extended to include further tests of executive function (including problem-solving) and memory (including visual memory), RESULTS: At initial assessment, control subjects showed similar levels of cognitive impairment as CO-exposed subjects (except in the case of four CO subjects with very severe impairment), but were more depressed. At 2-months follow-up, the trends were generally towards improvement in all subjects, with no between-group differences. CONCLUSIONS: Indirect effects on cognitive state may be at least as great as direct CO neurotoxicity in suicide attempters. The study did not support CO exposure exacerbating mood disorder in this sample.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perceptions of cognitive behavioural guided self-help treatment for bulimia nervosa in primary care.

This study examined perceptions of 36 women who participated in Guided Self-Help (GSH) treatment for bulimia nervosa delivered by general practitioners (GPs) in primary care. Qualitative responses revealed factors perceived to contribute toward treatment effectiveness including: improved eating behaviours, body image and emotional and general well-being; the empathic and practical style of the manual; specific behavioural strategies; GP facilitated positive therapeutic alliance and interventions with program implementation; and accessible treatment. Factors perceived as contributing to treatment ineffectiveness concerned: lack of changes to eating and body image; inadequacies of treatment program and approach; inadequate treatment dose; poor service delivery; and perceptions of low GP competence/professionalism and poor therapeutic alliance.

Adaptation, Psychological↗