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Biomedical subjects

Pramod Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to Pramod Kumar.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

The emergence of putative epistatic mutations and iSNVs in SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.16 variants linked with alteration in immunogenic determinants.

The SARS-CoV-2 XBB variants have been proposed to evolve towards immune evasion against vaccination or natural infection, which may contribute to higher transmissibility. The XBB.1.16 independently emerged due to accumulation of two important substitutions, E180V and T478R in the spike protein. Its pseudoviral infectivity and evasion of humoral immunity were similar to XBB.1 and XBB.1.5. In March 2023, XBB.1.16 had outcompeted other dominant XBB variants in India, which indicate a potential growth advantage. Here, intra-host single nucleotide variations (iSNV) and mutations were screened in SARS-CoV-2 genomes in closely related individuals at two time points: at symptoms onset, and during recovery. The prominence of putative epistatic iSNVs (E180V, G184V, G252V, D253G, and P521S/T) in XBB.1.16 variants were detected during the recovery phase. E180V exhibits mutational constellations with the G252V and P521T in a subset of samples, and this pattern was also detected in contemporary SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Higher order protein structural predictions suggested that the putative epistatic interactions among E180V, G184V, and G252V, D253G may be associated with S protein folding and structural stability. This study involving genomics and computational analyses highlights the potential role of these putative epistatic interactions in immune evasion, which may have contributed to dominance of XBB variants.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Clinical forensic evidence in burns: rescuer burns.

In the literature no systematic study is available on rescuer burn for victims of burn injury. This is a retrospective study of nine patients (five admitted and four outpatients) were treated in this hospital as rescuer burns in 3.5 years. All nine patients were males. Average age of the patient treated on outpatient basis was 47 years (ranging between 44 and 52) and total burn area ranged for 1-4%. Average age of the five patients treated on inpatient basis was 32.6 years (ranging between 30 and 34). The total burn area ranged from 14.5 to 38%. During the period of study, in addition to nine rescuer burns, one patient sustained burn before the rescue attempt due to the victim hugging the rescuer. Based on the study of patterns of burn, these patients were found to have three grades of burn injury: Grade 1--upper extremity involvement only. (A) only one upper extremity involvement, (B) both upper extremities involvement, Grade 2--upper extremity/extremities and face involvement, Grade 3--upper extremity/extremities, face-neck, adjacent chest and lower extremity involvement.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed2006

Carbonic anhydrase in Tectona grandis: kinetics, stability, isozyme analysis and relationship with photosynthesis.

Carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC: 4.2.1.1) activity in teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) was studied to determine its characteristics, kinetics and isozyme patterns. We also investigated effects of leaf age, plant age and genotype on CA activity and gas exchange parameters. Carbonic anhydrase extracted from leaves in 12 mM veronal buffer, pH 7.8, had a K(m) for CO(2) of 15.20 mM and a V(max) of 35,448 U mg(-1) chlorophyll min(-1), which values declined by 50 and 70%, respectively, after 1 week of storage at 4 degrees C. A 15% native polyacrylamide gel revealed the absence of CA isozymes in teak, with only a single CA band of 45 kD molecular mass observed across 10 segregating half-sib families and groups of trees ranging in age from 10 to 25 years. Activity remained stable during the first month in storage at 0 degrees C, but gradually declined to 25% of the initial value after 1 year in storage. During the period of active growth (February-May), maximal CA activity was observed in fully expanded and illuminated leaves. Significant variation was observed in CA activity across 10 1-year-old half-sib families and 21 5-year-old half-sib families. There was a positive correlation between CA activity and photosynthetic rate in a population of 10-year-old trees (P < 0.005). Positive correlations between CA activity and photosynthetic rate were found in 10 of 21 5-year-old half-sib families (P < 0.005 to P < 0.05), which showed greater diversity in CA activity than in photosynthetic characteristics. Thus, CA may serve as a biochemical marker for photosynthetic capacity in teak genotypes.

Carbonic Anhydrases↗
PubMed2006

Current challenges in adherence to clinical guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery.

UNLABELLED: To study the impact of guidelines on surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in clinical practice, barriers involved in adherence to guidelines and how to overcome the same. METHODS: Literature pertaining to prophylactic antibiotic usage was searched. Medscape, Medline, Cochrane, Surgical Infection Prevention (SIP) project databases were reviewed. Recent articles from relevant journals, texts, and standard guidelines were also studied. RESULTS: Local guidelines seem more likely to be accepted and followed than those developed nationally. Major barriers involved in adherence to guidelines include lack of awareness about the guidelines, general perception of guideline as a bureaucratic rather than educational tool. Some practitioners perceive guidelines as "cookbook medicine" that does not permit them to make their own medical decisions. Other barriers are complex, multi-step systems that create confusion, decrease accountability. Methods for guideline adherence include surveillance and data analysis, new systems to facilitate documentation and improving workflow, education regarding current evidence-based guidelines and promoting the development of local guidelines or protocol, development and implementation of reminders to facilitate adherence to the local guidelines. CONCLUSION: A multidisciplinary steering team of surgeons, infectious disease specialists, pharmacists, anesthesiologists, microbiologists and nurses should develop local guidelines suitable to their institution and methods for adherence to prevent the surgical site infections. The gap between evidence-based guidelines and practice must be addressed in order to achieve optimal practice in this domain.

Antibiotic Prophylaxis↗
PubMed2005

Effect of low intensity helium-neon (He-Ne) laser irradiation on diabetic wound healing dynamics.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of low-energy He-Ne laser treatment on wound healing dynamics (histological and biochemical) in diabetic rats. BACKGROUND DATA: Low-energy laser photostimulation at certain wavelengths can enhance tissue repair by releasing growth factors from fibroblasts and can facilitate the healing process of diabetic wounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A circular 4 cm2 excisional wound was created on the dorsum of the experimentally (Alloxan)-induced diabetic rats. In the study group (N = 24) the wound was treated with He-Ne laser (632.8 nm wavelength) at a dose of 4.8 J/cm2 for 5 days a week until the wound healed completely. The control group (N = 24) was sham-irradiated. The results were statistically analyzed by an independent t test for biochemical analysis and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test for histopathological parameters. RESULTS: The analysis of the biochemical parameters and histopathological parameters of the wounds showed that the laser-treated group healed faster and better as compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). The laser-treated group healed on average by the 18th day whereas, the control group healed on average by the 59th day. CONCLUSION: Laser photostimulation promotes the tissue repair process of diabetic wounds.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Autologous punch grafting for vitiligo of the palm.

BACKGROUND: Vitiligo of the palm can be resistant to conventional treatments, and grafting is not routinely attempted because of some difficulties. OBJECTIVE: To do a autologous minigraft test on a vitiligo patch on the palm using skin of the instep as the donor. METHODS: Under local anesthesia, two 2 mm minigrafts were transplanted into the vitiliginous skin of the palm of a 28-year-old female. Psolaren with ultraviolet A therapy followed the surgery for 12 weeks. RESULTS: Excellent repigmentation was seen around the grafts at the end of 12 weeks. There were no complications. CONCLUSION: The skin of the instep is an ideal donor site for palmar vitiligo.

Adult↗