PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Prem Chopra

Publications and source records attributed to Prem Chopra.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Lesional T-cell subset in post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is ill understood. This study was carried out to find the percentage of T-helper and T-suppressor cells in lesional tissue and their probable role in the pathogenesis of PKDL. METHODS: An immunoperoxidase monoclonal antibody technique was used to characterize and quantify the subsets of T lymphocytes in the infiltrate in 25 patients with PKDL. RESULTS: The ratio of T-helper to T-suppressor cells was 0.87 in hypopigmented macules and 0.85 in nodule and/or plaque lesions of PKDL. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, there was a definite preponderance of T-suppressor cells over T-helper cells in both types of skin lesions of PKDL. Further studies should be undertaken on larger numbers of patients to compare T-cell subsets both in skin lesions and the circulation, in order to determine the pathogenesis of PKDL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Clinico-pathological evaluation of restrictive cardiomyopathy (endomyocardial fibrosis and idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy) in India.

BACKGROUND: Restrictive heart disease is characterized by impairment of ventricular filling during diastole with preserved systolic function. The clinical and histopathological profile on endomyocardial biopsy of a cohort of patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is presented. METHODOLOGY: The medical records of patients presenting with heart failure with systemic congestion, subsequently diagnosed as restrictive heart disease after evaluation including cardiac catheterisation, were studied retrospectively to determine the clinical spectrum of restrictive cardiomyopathy. The diagnosis of RCM was made, based on systemic congestion with dilated atria and near normal ventricular size and function. Only patients who had an endomyocardial biopsy were included in the study. Patients with chronic constrictive pericarditis and secondary restrictive heart disease mainly amyloidosis were excluded from the study. RESULTS: All 52 patients had heart failure with normal or near normal left ventricular size and function. Based on right and left ventricle angiography, patients were classified into two groups. Group I with findings suggestive of EMF (n=30) and Group II no evidence of EMF on angiography i.e. 'idiopathic RCM' (IRCM) (n=22). Baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups. Echocardiography revealed typical features of endomyocardial fibrosis in Group I patients, with apical obliteration of right and left ventricular apices. Group II patients had no apex obliteration (except in four patients, who were misclassified and in whom angiography did not show apex obliteration). The Group II patients had features of IRCM in the form of normal left and right ventricular size and function with restrictive features of doppler filling along with dilated left and right atria. Angiocardiography in EMF patients showed isolated RV involvement in only two patients. In the remaining 28 patients, the obliterative changes were biventricular with RV involvement more severe than LV involvement. Angiographic findings in Group II (IRCM) patients were unremarkable with preservation of normal trabecular pattern and absence of obliterative changes. Mild atrioventricular regurgitation was present in 10/22 patients. Histopathological examination revealed that endocardial thickening was more common (77% vs. 23%) in EMF patients. The presence of myocyte hypertrophy (70-80%), myocytolysis (40-50%) and interstitial fibrosis (46-56%) were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of our patients had biventricular EMF. A significant number of patients had clinical hemodynamic features of restrictive heart disease but no evidence of EMF on angiography. These IRCM patients had similar clinical profiles to EMF but on endomyocardial biopsy the endocardial thickening was minimal and seen in few patients (5/22).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The assessment of disability in patients with psychotic disorders: an application of the ICIDH-2.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the application of the International Classification of Functioning and Disability (ICIDH-2) in the assessment of disability in patients with psychotic disorders. METHOD: The study was conducted at the inpatient unit of St Vincent's Mental Health Service, Melbourne. Twenty inpatients with psychotic disorders were concurrently assessed by two raters. An evaluation of the feasibility of the instrument was made during this process. Inter-rater agreement was determined using raw agreement percentages and weighted kappas. RESULTS: The ICIDH-2 provides a comprehensive framework for the description and measurement of disability, including the dimensions of impairments in body structures and functions, activity limitations, participation restrictions and environmental factors. Certain codes are difficult for clinicians to rate because of the subjective manner in which they are defined. Our inter-rater reliability assessment varied across the dimensions from poor to almost perfect agreement. CONCLUSIONS: The ICIDH-2 is potentially useful in the clinical assessment of disability in patients with psychotic disorders although modifications are needed. These could include the use of anchor points defined for each dimension or code to assist the rating process and an alternative rating scale in which categories for rating are more broadly defined. Formal training may also be necessary to enable standardization of the rating process. There is also a need to augment measurements by clinicians with the assessment of the subjective experience of patients using self-rated disability and assessment of quality of life.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hemangioma of the tricuspid valve: a report of two cases with review of literature.

We describe two cases of hemangioma affecting the tricuspid valve (TV). One patient was a 47-year-old male who presented with recurrent episodes of dyspnea on exertion for 5 years. Echocardiography revealed an echo dense 1 x 1 cm mass attached to the chordae tendineae of the TV. Surgical excision was done and histopathology of the lesion showed features of hemangioma. The other case was a 1-day-old neonate with complex congenital abnormalities in whom multiple small hemangiomas affecting the TV were incidentally detected at autopsy.

Dyspnea↗