PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Preston H Blomquist

Publications and source records attributed to Preston H Blomquist.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Ocular and facial injuries associated with the use of immersion heaters in an inmate population.

PURPOSE: To report ocular and facial injuries caused by the use of electric immersion heaters in an inmate population. DESIGN: Prospective observational case series. METHODS: Data were recorded over a six-month period on age, gender, mechanism of injury, examination, and treatment of Dallas County inmates who experienced ophthalmic injuries from immersion heaters and were referred to a tertiary-care center. RESULTS: Eight male inmates were treated for thermal ocular injuries, which occurred within jail cells as a result of cooking explosions from electric immersion heaters, known by inmates as "stingers." All patients had thermal eyelid burns, either first- or second-degree facial burns, and corneal abrasions with corneal edema. Corneal metallic foreign bodies were removed in one patient, and three patients underwent debridement for corneal sloughing. CONCLUSIONS: Immersion heater-related accidents may cause thermal injuries within the inmate population. Physicians evaluating incarcerated patients with ocular trauma should be aware of immersion heaters as a common cause.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Decrease in complications during cataract surgery with the use of a silicone-tipped irrigation/aspiration instrument.

PURPOSE: To compare rates of vitreous loss during cataract surgery when a silicone-tipped irrigation/aspiration (I/A) instrument is used for cortex removal as opposed to a metal tip. SETTING: Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, Texas, USA. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all patients who had cataract extraction by phacoemulsification by third-year ophthalmology residents between September 2000 and February 2004 was conducted. A silicone-tipped I/A instrument was used to remove cortex for all surgeries beginning in September 2002, whereas a metal I/A tip was used previously. RESULTS: Of the 1072 cases performed with a metal I/A tip, there were 13 cases of vitreous loss during cortex removal (rate 1.2%) and 26% of all vitreous loss during that time occurred during cortex removal. Of the 805 cases performed with a silicone I/A tip, there was a single case (0.1%) of vitreous loss during cortex removal (P=.004); only 4% of all vitreous loss during that time occurred during cortex removal (P=.011). CONCLUSION: The overall incidence of vitreous loss during cortex removal and the ratio of vitreous loss during cortex removal to all cases of vitreous loss were significantly decreased using the silicone-tipped I/A instrument.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2004

Utility of red amsler grid screening in a rheumatology clinic.

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the false positive rate of red Amsler grid screening in an outpatient rheumatologic setting. METHODS: Red Amsler grid screening was performed on 170 consecutive patients presenting with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. Patients with abnormal screening results were referred for ophthalmologic evaluation and formal visual field testing. RESULTS: Nineteen patients identified scotomata on red Amsler grid. Despite numerous recall attempts, only 9 of the 19 patients with scotomata presented for ophthalmologic evaluation. The positive predictive value was 5-58%. Roughly 6-11% of all patients screened had a false positive screening test. CONCLUSION: While red Amsler grid screening may allow rheumatologists to identify patients who are more likely to have hydroxychloroquine ocular toxicity, an abnormal red Amsler grid screening is in itself an unreliable predictor of toxicity.

Antirheumatic Agents↗
PubMed2004

spectrum of ocular trauma at an urban county hospital.

A prospective study of all patients with ocular trauma seen by an ophthalmologist at Parkland Memorial Hospital's emergency department or ophthalmology clinic in Dallas between December 1, 2001, and April 30, 2002, was performed. One hundred fifty-seven patients with 181 injured eyes were included. Eighty-three percent of patients were male, and 64% were younger than 40 years. Assault was the most common setting for injury (31%), followed by work (27%) and home (17%). Blunt trauma was the usual method of assault injury. Alcohol was involved more often in assault than accidental injuries (P < .001). Most work injuries involved young Latino men, usually performing construction work. Permanent severe visual loss in one eye occurred in 14% of patients, usually as a result of open globe injury. Focusing prevention strategies at employers and blue-collar workers, especially young Latino men in high-risk occupations, may decrease ocular trauma in the Dallas area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Expulsion of an intraocular lens through a clear corneal wound.

A 91-year-old man sustained blunt trauma to an eye that had uneventful phacoemulsification through a superior clear corneal incision 5 years earlier. The silicone foldable intraocular lens (IOL) and a portion of the iris and capsular bag were expulsed through the cataract excision, which then self-sealed. This case illustrates the potential for expulsion of foldable IOLs through small clear corneal incisions even several years after surgery.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2002

Visual outcomes after vitreous loss during cataract surgery performed by residents.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the visual outcomes after vitreous loss during cataract surgery performed by residents. SETTING: Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, Texas, USA. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all patients who had cataract extraction complicated by vitreous loss from 1997 through 1999 was conducted. All surgery was performed by third-year ophthalmology residents. RESULTS: In 1400 cataract surgeries, 63 cases of vitreous loss (rate 4.5%) were identified. One case had less than 1 month of follow-up and was excluded from further analysis. Of the 62 remaining cases, 53 had phacoemulsification, 7 extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), 1 phacoemulsification converted to ECCE, and 1 intracapsular cataract extraction. Thirty-two eyes had a sulcus-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implanted, 20 an anterior chamber IOL, and 7 a PC IOL in the capsular bag; 3 eyes were left aphakic at the time of initial surgery. Overall, 77% of patients had a postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/40 or better. Of the 14 patients who did not have a BCVA of 20/40 or better, 9 had preexisting ocular pathology affecting vision. If these 9 patients are excluded, 91% of patients with vitreous loss had a BCVA of 20/40 or better. Six patients (10%) developed clinical cystoid macular edema. No patient with vitreous loss developed a retinal detachment or endophthalmitis. CONCLUSIONS: Good visual acuity can be achieved after resident cataract surgery complicated by vitreous loss. The rate of vitreous loss in this study is consistent with that in previous reports of resident cataract surgery in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Posterior capsule folds and removal of ophthalmic viscosurgical devices.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between posterior capsule folds and an ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) during cataract surgery. SETTING: Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, Texas, USA. METHODS: A prospective observational study of 91 consecutive uneventful cataract extractions by phacoemulsification was performed. The presence or absence of posterior capsule folds was noted immediately after intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and after OVD removal. RESULTS: Posterior capsule folds were present in 21 of 49 cases (43%) with an MA60BM lens (Alcon Laboratories) and in 1 of 42 cases (2%) with an SA30AL lens. In the MA60BM group with folds, the folds were noted before OVD removal in 14 cases and after OVD removal in 16 cases. There was no significant difference in age, sex, axial length, horizontal corneal diameter, or IOL power between groups with and without posterior capsule folds. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of posterior capsule folds does not reliably signify the complete removal of OVDs.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Management of traumatic hyphema in Texas.

To determine the usual approach to management of traumatic hyphema in Texas, we mailed a survey to ophthalmologists in the state who indicated a practice focus of either general ophthalmology or pediatric ophthalmology. The survey included inquiries regarding type of practice, patient population, frequency of traumatic hyphema, laboratory investigations, treatment precautions, medical and surgical treatment, criteria for hospitalization, and criteria for surgical intervention. Of the 495 surveys mailed out, 169 (response rate = 34.1%) were returned and filled out completely. More than half of the respondents do not routinely consider sickle cell testing in traumatic hyphema cases. We found no consensus regarding use of systemic antifibrinolytic agents, indications for hospitalization, or timing of surgical intervention. The results of this survey emphasize the lack of consensus surrounding treatment of traumatic hyphema. The relative paucity of sickle cell testing among Texas ophthalmologists, however, appears inconsistent with recommendations in the medical literature.

Decision Making↗
PubMed2002

Screening for hydroxychloroquine toxicity by Texas ophthalmologists.

OBJECTIVE: To determine current practice patterns for screening for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) toxicity by Texas ophthalmologists. METHODS: A survey was sent to all comprehensive ophthalmologists and retina specialists in the state of Texas. Questions included need for baseline examinations, frequency of followup, tests used to monitor for toxicity, and influences on monitoring regimen. RESULTS: Two hundred ninety of 577 surveys were returned correctly completed (response rate = 50.3%). Two hundred fifty-seven respondents (88.6%) felt a baseline examination was necessary prior to beginning HCQ therapy, and 223 (76.9%) followed patients every 6 months during HCQ therapy. Visual acuity, slit lamp examination, and dilated fundus examination were performed on almost all patients, and about three-quarters of respondents also checked visual fields and color vision. While 183 ophthalmologists (63.1%) used the Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates to check color vision, there was no consensus on the preferred visual field test. One hundred twenty-two respondents (42.1%) stated they had diagnosed a patient with HCQ ocular toxicity. CONCLUSION: Most ophthalmologists in Texas continue to perform baseline examinations and follow HCQ patients semiannually for the development of ocular toxicity despite recent recommendations questioning the need for such close followup. The majority check visual acuity, perform slit lamp and dilated fundus examinations, and test color vision and visual fields, although there is no consensus on the preferred method to test visual fields.

Antirheumatic Agents↗