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Biomedical subjects

Purnomo

Publications and source records attributed to Purnomo.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Clinical features of timorian filariasis among immigrants to an endemic area in West Flores, Indonesia.

Fifty-nine persons, who immigrated into a Brugia timori endemic area from non-filarial areas on the island of Flores, Indonesia were examined for filariasis after residing in the village for 2 to 10 years. Six persons had B. timori microfilaremia and 31 had filarial disease. The disease seems to affect immigrants from non-filarial areas severely within a relatively short period. Among those residing in the village, for 2 years, the microfilaria rate was 5% and the elephantiasis rate 21%. Selective treatment using 50 mg diethylcarbamazine per Kg body weight was given to all microfilaria (Mf) positive persons. Approximately one year later the Mf-rate by finger stick and Nuclepore filtration was 9% and 18% respectively. There was indirect indications that the Mf-rate might increase with the passage of time. However, the total filarial disease rate remained constant during the one year period. The relationship between these findings and American servicemen exposed to filariasis during World World II is briefly discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Angiostrongyliasis in Indonesia: additional geographic and host occurrence records.

Geographical and host occurrence records for Angiostrongylus cantonensis throughout the Indonesian archipelago a;e reported. A. cantonensis was found in the following provinces: West Sumatra, South Sumatra, Lampung, West Java, Central Java, North Sulawesi and East Nusa Tenggara. Infections were diagnosed in the following rodents: Rattus rattus diardii, Rattus exulans, Rattus tiomanicus jaloriensis, Rattus lepturus, Rattus norvegicus and Bandicota indica setifera and in the giant African land snail, Achatina fulica. Infection rates varied considerably.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The microfilaria of Brugia timori (Partono et al. 1977 = Timor microfilaria, David and Edeson, 1964): morphologic description with comparison to Brugia malayi of Indonesia.

The microfilaria of Brugia timori was compared with microfilariae of Indonesian strains of periodic and subperiodic Brugia malayi using alcohol-fixed (stained) and formalin-fixed (unstained) preparations. As noted by other observers of the Timor microfilaria, the absence of a stained sheath in Giemsa preparations, a long cephalic space with a length-to-width ratio of about 3:1, and a great overall body length are features which most readily distinguish this parasite. Additionally, B. timori has greater numbers of single row nuclei in the terminal column of body cells and a lesser bulge of the cuticle surrounding nuclei in the distal portion of the tail than does B. malayi. About 60% of B. timori microfilariae were exsheathed in haemalum-stained thick blood films. Brugia timori microfilariae were found to be distinct from microfilariae of B. malayi by comparing percentages of total body length included between the cephalic tip and major internal anatomic markers.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Experimental Brugia timori and Wuchereria bancrofti infections in certain species of mosquitoes.

Laboratory reared Aedes aegypti (black eye and Jakarta strains), Aedes togoi, (Taiwan), Aedes albopictus, (Jakarta), wild caught Anopheles barbirostris, (Java) and Mansonia uniformis, (Jakarta) were fed on a carrier with mixed infection of Brugia timori and Wuchereria bancrofti. B. timori and W. bancrofti were able to develop in A. aegypti (black eye) and A. togoi, with development proceeding more rapidly for of B. timori than W. bancrofti. Both species of parasites were readily distinguishable in each of their developmental stages. A. barbirostris from Java was able to support development of B. timori as well as A. barbirostris from Flores. B. timori and W. bancrofti did not develop in M. uniformis, A. aegypti (Jakarta strain) and A. albopictus.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Towards a filariasis-free community: evaluation of filariasis control over an eleven year period in Flores, Indonesia.

A population of 202 residents in an area endemic for Brugia timori lymphatic filariasis was treated in a diethylcarbamazine control programme commencing in 1977. All individuals were treated twice with diethylcarbamazine on a mass basis with additional selected treatment for cases with manifestations of infection. Clinical features of lymphatic filariasis were recorded annually until 1982, and the population re-assessed in 1988, six years after the completion of chemotherapy. Microfilarial counts were made on each occasion, and circulating filarial antigen levels measured for 1982 and 1988. The results showed a dramatic and sustained reduction in the rate of elephantiasis and adenolymphangitic disease, and of circulating antigenaemia, and the prevalence of microfilaraemia was reduced to zero by the end of the study.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosis of malaria in the field by fluorescence microscopy of QBC capillary tubes.

The diagnostic performance of commercial capillary tubes containing acridine orange dye (QBC) was compared with the standard diagnosis of malaria by microscopical examination of Giemsa-stained thick blood films (GTS) in remote field conditions. The comparison was conducted among 165 volunteers living in northeastern Irian Jaya, Indonesia, an area having hyperendemic malaria transmission. By GTS, 65 volunteers were positive for malaria, but only 49 were judged positive by QBC. Among the 100 blood films found negative by GTS, 5 were considered positive by QBC. Thus, relative to a GTS standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the QBC was 75% and 95%, respectively. The mean limit of detection for the QBC was approximately 60 parasites per microliter blood, whereas the limit of detection for GTS was 20 parasites per microliter blood. Also, a number of practical difficulties were encountered using the QBC at the field site. The QBC approach to diagnosis of malaria was less sensitive and more inconvenient than GTS under the conditions in remote Irian Jaya.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Performance of the OptiMAL assay for detection and identification of malaria infections in asymptomatic residents of Irian Jaya, Indonesia.

The OptiMAL assay, a new immunochromatographic "dipstick" test for malaria based on detection of Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH), is purported to detect infections of approximately 200 parasites/microL of blood and to differentiate between Plasmodium falciparum and non-P. falciparum. We evaluated OptiMAL performance by comparing the test strip interpretations of two independent readers with consensus results obtained independently by expert malaria microscopists. Unbiased measures of sensitivity were derived by applying the OptiMAL test for detection and differentiation of light, asymptomatic infections by P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. OptiMAL readings were separated in time to determine whether the reaction signal was stable. Microscopy identified infections in 225 of 505 individuals screened; those with P. falciparum (n = 170) averaged 354 asexual forms/microL and P. vivax/Plasmodium malariae (n = 112) averaged 216 asexual forms/microL of blood. Concordance between OptiMAL and microscopy was 81% and 78% by the two independent readings. The assay's sensitivity for detection of any malaria species was 60.4% and 70.2% respectively and specificity was 97% and 89%. Most cases identified by microscopy as P. falciparum were graded as negative or non-falciparum by both OptiMAL readers. OptiMAL false negatives as well as misidentifications were related to low parasitemias (< 500/microL). The OptiMAL assay demonstrated 88-92% sensitivity for detecting infections of 500-1,000 parasites/microL, a range covering the mean parasitemia of primary symptomatic P. falciparum infections in malaria-naïve Indonesian transmigrants. This device was markedly less sensitive than expert microscopy for discriminating between malaria species and is presently unsuited for use as an epidemiological screening tool. The OptiMAL assay is not approved for diagnostic use but is commercially available for research purposes only.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of malaria in native and transmigrant populations. Effects of age and history of exposure.

A malaria prevalence study was performed in a village in Irian Jaya, Indonesia, that contains a population of people who have been exposed lifelong to hyperendemic malaria and another population of people who had arrived 18 months previously from areas of very low endemicity. Mean spleen sizes correlated positively with prevalence of malaria, not resistance to it. Prevalence of sexual and asexual blood stage parasites was higher in transmigrants than in the natives. The data also show that clinical resistance to malaria in this part of the world includes resistance to Plasmodium falciparum gametocytemia and that this is not the passive byproduct of a reduction in asexual parasites. This indicates that the introduction of native people into a populated malarious area will increase the percent of gametocyte carriers and may, thereby, increase the entomologic inoculation rate.

Adolescent↗