Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Q Z Wang.
A remote, small-size spectroscopic-based device called Compact Photonics Explorer (CPE) was designed, assembled, and tested for medical and non-medical spectroscopic and imaging applications. Spatial images acquired using the spectroscopic CPE are presented. Operational principles are demonstrated for various biomedical and non-medical applications.
BACKGROUND: Southern Hebei Province has one of the highest incidences of oesophageal cancer in the world. This study describes a single-centre experience with oesophagectomy for this condition. METHODS: The reported articles on surgical treatment for cancer of the oesophagus and gastric cardia from a single department between September 1952 and December 2000 were summarized and the results compared. RESULTS: Between September 1952 and December 2000, the resectability rate increased from 78.8 to 96.0 per cent for oesophageal cancer and from 69.6 to 94.8 per cent for cancer of the cardia. The surgical mortality rate decreased from 4.6 to 1.1 per cent. There was little change in the overall 5-year survival rate; it increased from 21.2 to 23.9 per cent for patients with oesophageal cancer and from 15.2 to 17.6 per cent for those with cancer of the cardia. CONCLUSION: The rate of postoperative complications and deaths following oesophagectomy for cancer has fallen steadily over the past five decades but long-term survival remains disappointing. Improved survival is likely to be dependent on earlier diagnosis and adjunctive therapies.
The emission of M2X+ cluster ions in thermal ionization mass spectrometry when graphite is loaded on the heating filaments was studied. The emission model of non-reductive thermal ionization of graphite was preliminarily discussed and factors influencing the thermal emission of M2X+ ions were investigated. The results show that the intensities of M2X+ cluster ions are related to ionic radius and crystal lattice energy, and possibly also to the solvation energies of ions. The intensities of M2Cl+ (M stands for K, Rb, and Cs) cluster ions, the M2Cl+/M+ ratios, and the 37Cl/35Cl ratios determined from M2Cl+ ion measurement usually increase with measurement time. The variation of the 37Cl/35Cl ratios determined from Cs2Cl+ ion measurement is lower than those based on K2Cl+ and Rb2Cl+ ion measurement, indicating the lowest isotopic fractionation.
A multitracer solution obtained from the nuclear reaction of selenium with 25-MeV/nucleon 40Ar ions was orally administered to normal and tumor-bearing Balb/c male mice. After 96 h, the mice were sacrificed and the elemental distribution was determined in various tissues, organs, and blood. The uptake of Na, Rb, Ga, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Fe, Zn, Y, Zr, Tc, Ru, Ag, and In in normal and, except for zinc, in tumor-bearing mice was simultaneously detected. Most elements were distributed in about the same manner in the skin and liver of animals in both groups. The distribution of Rb, Ga, V, Cr, Tc, and In showed little or no significant differences between the two study groups. The distribution of Na, Mn, Fe, Ag, Sc, and Co showed significant differences between normal and tumor-bearing mice. In the blood, spleen, and kidney of the normal mice, there was good absorption of Na, Mn, Fe, Ag, Co, and Zn. In the heart, these elements were well absorbed, except for Na and Mn.
A radioactive multitracer solution obtained from the nuclear reaction of selenium with 25 MeV/nucleon 40Ar ions was used for investigation of trace element excretion into the faeces and urine of cancerous mice. The excretion rates of 22 elements (Na, K, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ga, As, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Fe, Y, Zr, Mo, Nb, Tc, Ru, Ag and In) were simultaneously measured under strictly identical experimental conditions, in order to clarify the excretion behavior of these elements in cancerous mice. The faecal and urinary excretion rates of Mg, Sr, Ga, As, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Fe, Y, Zr, Nb, Ru and Mo in cancerous mice, showed the in highest value at 0-8 hours. The accumulative excretion of Ca, Mo, Y and Zr was decreased and Na, Fe, Mn and Co increased in tumour-bearing mice, when compared to normal mice.
Proliferation and cell death are tightly linked fates during cell and tissue differentiation. In the past few years, it has been shown that Bcl-2 exhibits a potent cell cycle inhibitory effect, in addition to its better known role in the antagonism of cell death. In the present study, we show that the cell cycle effects of Bcl-2 apparently occur at the level of E2F control of gene transcription. Under conditions of normal cell growth, or under conditions that lead to cell death in the absence of Bcl-2, bcl-2 expression results in a reduction of free (active) E2F isoforms and in an increase in the formation of higher-order (inactive) complexes. Bcl-2-induced changes in E2F complex formation are paralleled by an apparent increase in pRb regulatory activity, by the up-regulation of p130 protein expression, and by the formation of E2F/p130 complexes at the expense of those consisting of E2F/p107. Cells lacking bcl-2 expression respond to growth factor withdrawal in the opposite manner, by the liberation of E2F from inactivating complexes and by continued cell cycle leading to cell death. These analyses reveal a mechanism for cell cycle regulation by Bcl-2 that occurs at the level of E2F transcriptional activity. Further, since specific E2F activities are clearly linked to the induction of cell death, these findings may help to consolidate the cell survival and cell cycle effects of Bcl-2 through a common transcriptional mechanism.
In this article, we have presented an overview of emerging novel techniques for early-light transillumination imaging as well as nonlinear optical tomography of body organs. The use of light for probing and imaging biomedical media offers the promise for development of safe, noninvasive, and inexpensive clinical imaging modalities with diagnostic ability. The strong scattering of light by biological tissues buries the shadowgram formed by forward-propatating image-bearing photons in the background noise of multiple-scattered light. Several methods for extraction of image-bearing light that capitalize on spatial, temporal and polarization characteristics of transmitted light are reviewed. More recently emerging nonlinear-optical histopathology methods for imaging subsurface structures of tissues in terms of its local spatial symmetry and molecular content are introduced. The progress made so far indicates that some of these techniques are apt to make a transition from laboratory to useful clinical modalities.
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OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of supplemented Sini San (SSNS) in treating chronic Brucellosis (CB). METHODS: One hundred and twenty-seven patients were randomly divided into two groups, 76 cases in the treatment group were treated with SSNS and 51 cases in the control group treated with Dioscorea Nipponica Power. The effect of SSNS on mice model of CB was also observed simultaneously. RESULTS: The short-term effects were that the total effective rate and markedly effective rate of the treatment were 98.7% and 92.1%, which were better than those of the control group (82.4% and 41.2%) respectively, P < 0.01. The long-term follow-up result of the treatment group also showed its superiority to the control group, the total effective rates of the two groups were 98.7% and 51.0%, and the markedly effective rates were 90.8% and 21.6% respectively (P < 0.01). Animal experiments indicated SSNS has obvious effect of antibiotics and immunomodulation. CONCLUSION: SSNS was effective in treating CB, including the long-term follow-up result.
Eleven cases of pericardial cysts and 3 cases of pericardial diverticulum were reported. The prominent X-ray manifestations were a round or oval shape shadow with homogeneous density and smooth border in the mediastinum. In this series, the sizes of the lesions were 5-22 cm in diameter with averaged 9.9 cm. In the cases of pericardial diverticulum with a large base, fluoroscopic examination usually revealed that variation in contour of diventiculums during respiration and changing in position of the patients. Some aspects on the operation for pericardial cysts with secondary infection or adhering to the cardiac muscles were suggested in this paper.
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Fifty-four patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease were treated surgically. Fourty-six patients were sliding hiatal hernia and 8 were short esophagus. In addition to barium meal exam, endoscopic examination and esophageal function testing were also helpful in clinical evaluation of patients and selection of antireflux surgery. Nissen fundoplication was the most use in this series. Following-up showed that 64.8 percent completely relieved and 31.5 percent improved.
Fifty-eight patients with achalasia were evaluated by esophageal manometry. In the body of the esophagus, the resting pressure was elevated and the motor waves were typically of low amplitude and presented simultaneously. The LES was of normal or high tone with absent or reduced relaxation in response to deglutition. The authors noticed that the contraction pressure in the pharynx and the resting and closing pressures in the UES were markedly elevated. These features were not documented in the literature. Twenty-two patients were followed up by manometry 4 to 60 months after a Heller's myotomy. The resting pressures in the body of the esophagus and the LES were obviously reduced. We considered that esophageal manometry is an important method in the diagnosis of achalasia.
Mice given ip bacterial endotoxin (LPS) at 10 mg/kg showed a statistically significant decrease in plasma glucose and an increase in hematocrit at 2 h after injection. Glucose was still decreased at 4 h, but the hematocrit had returned to control values. Nitrosylated hemoglobin (HbNO) was detected at 3, but not at 2 h. By 4 h it had increased 5-fold. When N-monomethylarginine (NMMA) at 100 mg/kg, ip was given 2 h after LPS in mice, the HbNO concentration at 4 h was significantly reduced, but the hypoglycemia was worsened because NMMA itself produced a significant hypoglycemia. Rats given iv LPS, 20 mg/kg, showed a fleeting, transient rise in mean arterial pressure (MAP) lasting only a few min. Thereafter, the MAP tended to drift slowly downward over 4 h, but when the MAP at 30 min intervals was compared to the pre-LPS MAP, there were no significant differences. Plasma glucose in unanesthetized rats was significantly elevated at 1 h, back to control at 2 h, and significantly decreased at 3 h. HbNO was detected as early as 1 h after injection. By 2 h the HbNO concentrations exceeded the highest levels found in mice, and they were still increasing as late as 5 h after injection. Unanesthetized rats showed toxic signs and 3/12 rats died within 4 hours of LPS administration. These results are consistent with a model for endotoxic shock in which LPS stimulates an inducible pathway for NO synthesis.
Radionuclide transit (RT) assessment of esophageal clearance was carried out in 40 patients after Heller's myotomy for achalasia and in 13 normal subjects as controls. The results showed that RT was significantly delayed irrespective to the length of postoperative period. This explained the cause of swallowing disorders in most patients after surgery. Our observation suggested that Heller's myotomy should be done as early as possible for the purpose of preventing esophageal dilation although esophageal peristalsis can not be restored by this procedure.
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199 patients with carcinoma of the esophagus or gastric cardia treated by resection and intraluminal elastic circular ligation from January 1981 to July 1986 are reported. The management of these cases is divided into three periods for convenience in analysis: period of early practice 17 cases; period of technical and instrumental refinement 117 and period of standardization 65. No anastomotic leakage was found in 65 patients during the third period, indicating that the intraluminal elastic circular ligation is practical and advisable. In addition, this ligation, basing on successful animal experiments, is simpler and more rapid as compared with the manual method. Fundamental principles of this method are discussed. At present, the supporting tube needs further improvement.
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