Calculations of the rate constants for the hydrogen abstraction reactions C2H3 + CH4-->C2H4 + CH3 and C2H3 + C2H6-->C2H4 + C2H5.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
Qiang Fu
Publications and source records attributed to Qiang Fu.
Shared genetic risk of major depression, alcohol dependence, and marijuana dependence: contribution of antisocial personality disorder in men.
BACKGROUND: Little is known about genetic factors that underlie the interrelationships among antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), major depression (MD), alcohol dependence (AD), and marijuana dependence (MJD). We examined the contribution of genetic effects associated with ASPD to the comorbidity of MD and substance use disorders. METHODS: The Vietnam Era Twin Registry is a general population registry of male veteran twins constructed from computerized Department of Defense files and other sources. A telephone diagnostic interview was administered to eligible twins from the Registry in 1992. Of 5150 twin pairs who served on active military duty during the Vietnam era, 3360 pairs (1868 monozygotic and 1492 dizygotic) in which both members completed the pertinent diagnostic interview sections were included. The main outcome measures were lifetime DSM-III-R ASPD, MD, AD, and MJD. RESULTS: Structural equation modeling was performed to estimate additive genetic, shared environmental, and nonshared environmental effects common and specific to each disorder. The heritability estimates for lifetime ASPD, MD, AD, and MJD were 69%, 40%, 56%, and 50%, respectively. Genetic effects on ASPD accounted for 38%, 50%, and 58% of the total genetic variance in risk for MD, AD, and MJD, respectively. After controlling for genetic effects on ASPD, the partial genetic correlations of MD with AD and with MJD were no longer statistically significant. Genetic effects specific to MD and AD and familial effects specific to MJD remained statistically significant. Nonshared environmental contributions to the comorbidity in these disorders were small. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample, the shared genetic risk between MD and both AD and MJD was largely explained by genetic effects on ASPD, which in turn was associated with increased risk of each of the other disorders.
Adult↗
Cationic liposome-mediated GDNF gene transfer after spinal cord injury.
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been shown to protect cranial and spinal motoneurons, which suggests potential uses of GDNF in the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) and motor neuron disease. We examined neuroprotective effect of cationic liposome-mediated GDNF gene transfer in vivo on axonal regeneration and locomotor function recovery after SCI in adult rats. The mixture of DC-Chol liposomes and recombinant plasmid pEGFP-GDNF cDNA was injected after SCI. RT-PCR confirmed the increased expression of GDNF mRNA in the injected areas at 7 days after injection. The expression of EGFP-GDNF was observed in the cells around the injection locus by fluorescence microscope at least 4 weeks after injection. Four weeks after GDNF gene transfer, regeneration of the corticospinal tracts was assessed using anterograde tract tracing. There are more HRP labeling of corticospinal tract axons across the lesion in GDNF group compared with control group. In GDNF group, the maximum distance these labeled axons extended varied in different animals and ranged from 5 mm to approximately 9 mm from the lesion. In control group, no HRP labeled axons extended caudal to the lesion. The locomotion function of hindlimbs of rats was evaluated using inclined plane test and BBB locomotor scores. The locomotion functional scores in GDNF group were higher than that in control group within 1-4 weeks after SCI (p < 0.05). These data demonstrate that in vivo transfer of GDNF cDNA can promote axonal regeneration and enhance locomotion functional recovery, suggesting that cationic liposome-mediated delivery of GDNF cDNA may be a practical gene transfer method for traumatic SCI treatment.
Animals↗
Oral bovine serum concentrate improves cryptosporidial enteritis in calves.
Cryptosporidium parvum produces a prolonged watery diarrhea unresponsive to conventional antimicrobials. Because of reported efficacy of antibody-based immunotherapy, we studied the effect of inexpensive, commercially available oral bovine serum concentrate (BSC) in experimental cryptosporidiosis. Twenty-four calves were treated with 57 g/d BSC (n = 12) or soy protein (n = 12) added to their standard whey protein-based milk replacer (227 g/2 L twice daily). Of the 24, 9 were also treated with L-glutamine (GLN), 8 g/L (50 mM) in the milk (5 calves in the BSC group and 4 in the soy group). Animals were inoculated with 10(8) cryptosporidium oocysts per os on d 8 of life and received oral rehydration on d 12-14. Eight uninfected controls were treated with BSC or soy protein. Fecal and urine volume and urinary Cr-EDTA excretion were measured. Animals were killed on d 18 of life. Cryptosporidiosis induced severe watery diarrhea lasting >9 d and produced a 25% increase in intestinal permeability, a 33% decrease in villous surface area, and a 40% reduction in mucosal lactase specific activity. Glutamine treatment had no effect on the diarrhea or any of the intestinal tests; and therefore pooled data were used to compare the 12 calves treated with BSC with the 12 treated with soy. In animals receiving BSC, peak diarrheal volume and intestinal permeability were reduced 33%, fewer oocysts were shed, intestinal crypts were significantly deeper, and villous surface area returned to normal by 9 d after infection (all p <or= 0.05). BSC should be studied as a treatment for human cryptosporidiosis.
Administration, Oral↗
HPLC chiral stationary phases produced with isolated human serum albumin fragments.
The enantioselectivity of HPLC chiral stationary phases produced with human serum albumin (HSA) fragments was investigated. An HSA fragment (HSA-FG75) was isolated by size-exclusion chromatography following peptic digestion of HSA. The isolated HSA-FG75 was mainly an N-terminal half peptide with an average molecular weight of about 35,000 daltons. The HSA and HSA-FG75 proteins were bound to aminopropylsilica gels activated by N,N'-disuccinimidyl carbonate. Though the HSA-FG75 column showed lower enantioselectivities for all of the racemates tested than the intact HSA column, the enantioseparations of the racemates tested were attained with a shorter analysis time on the HSA-FG75 column. These results are ascribable to removal of the non-specific binding sites of HSA, changes in the globular structure of the HSA fragment and/or changes in the local environment around the binding sites. Further, the HSA-FG75 column was as stable as the intact HSA column for repetitive injection of samples.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of salbutamol metered-dose inhaler in healthy volunteers.
AIM: To study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of salbutamol metered-dose inhaler (MDI) in healthy volunteers. METHODS: An HPLC method for the determination of salbutamol in human plasma was improved. Ten healthy male Chinese volunteers were enrolled in a randomized crossover study. After the subjects inhaled or orally administered 1.2 mg salbutamol, fourteen blood samples were collected at predetermined time points. The concentrations of salbutamol in plasma were assessed with non-compartment model to obtain the pharmacokinetic parameters. The relative bioavailability of MDI versus water solution was calculated. RESULTS: The HPLC assay was sensitive, specific, accurate, and precise. The pharmacokinetics of salbutamol MDI was described well with two-compartment model. The parameters for salbutamol inhaled and orally administered were as following: T(max) (0.22+/-0.07) and (1.8+/-0.6) h, C(max) (3.4+/-1.1) and (3.9+/-1.4) microg/L, T(1/2) (4.5+/-1.5) and (4.6+/-1.1) h, AUC0-20 min (0.9+/-0.3) and (0.16+/-0.10) microg x h x L(-1), respectively. There were significant differences in T(max) and AUC0-20 min between the two dosage forms. The AUC0-20 min (inhal) was 8 times as high as the AUC0-20 min (po). The relative bioavailability of salbutamol MDI was 57 %+/-24 % compared with oral solution. CONCLUSION: The absorption process of salbutamol MDI in human was significantly different from that of oral solution.
Administration, Inhalation↗
Endothelial NO synthase gene expression in experimental vasospasm in rabbits.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) gene expression and experimental vasospasm. METHODS: Sixteen rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups, which were subjected to balloon endothelial denudation with normal diet (n=8) or with hypercholesterol diet group (n=8). Angiography was performed to detect the vasospasm induced by ergonovine before and after denudation and 8 weeks after hypercholesterol feeding. In situ hybridization and Northern blotting were performed to localize and quantitate respectively the expression of eNOS mRNA. RESULTS: Visible vasospasm was induced at the denuded sites in rabbits with hypercholesterol diet, in which the expression of eNOS mRNA was detected in the endothelium by in situ hybridization at a lower level than that of rabbits with normal diet, as demonstrated by Northern blotting. CONCLUSION: The decrement of eNOS mRNA expression resulted from balloon endothelial denudation and hypercholesterolemia may play an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental vasospasm.
Animals↗
[Comparison of PSAD and PSAD-TZ value in prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic cancer].
OBJECTIVES: To compare PSAD, PSAD-TZ, PSA, FPSA/TPSA detection used in diagnosis of prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) and prostatic cancer(PCa). METHODS: Fourty-three cases of BPH and twenty cases of PCa with PSA < 20 micrograms/L were chosen, then compared PSA, PSAD, FPSA/TPSA, PSAD-TZ between BPH and PCa. RESULTS: The mean PSA in BPH and PCa is (10.47 +/- 6.25) microgram/L and (13.92 +/- 3.20) microgram/L respectively with no statistic difference (P > 0.05). The mean PSAD in BPH and PCa is (0.15 +/- 0.12) microgram/L and (0.24 +/- 0.13) microgram/L respectively with statistic difference (P < 0.05). The mean FPSA/TPSA in BPH and PCa is (0.58 +/- 0.42) microgram/L and (0.26 +/- 0.17) microgram/L respectively with statistic difference (P < 0.05). The mean PSA-TZ in BPH and PCa is (0.26 +/- 0.22) and (0.51 +/- 0.28) respectively with obviously statistic difference (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest PSAD, FPSA/TPSA, especially PSAD-TZ could be used to distinguish BPH and PCa.
Aged↗
[Comparison of machinability of two types of dental machinable ceramic].
OBJECTIVE: In terms of the problems of now available dental machinable ceramics, a new type of calcium-mica glass-ceramic, PMC-I ceramic, was developed, and its machinability was compared with that of Vita MKII quantitatively. Moreover, the relationship between the strength and the machinability of PMC-I ceramic was studied. METHODS: Samples of PMC-I ceramic were divided into four groups according to their nucleation procedures. 600-seconds drilling tests were conducted with high-speed steel tools (Phi = 2.3 mm) to measure the drilling depths of Vita MKII ceramic and PMC-I ceramic, while constant drilling speed of 600 rpm and constant axial load of 39.2 N were used. And the 3-point bending strength of the four groups of PMC-I ceramic were recorded. RESULTS: Drilling depth of Vita MKII was 0.71 mm, while the depths of the four groups of PMC-I ceramic were 0.88 mm, 1.40 mm, 0.40 mm and 0.90 mm, respectively. Group B of PMC-I ceramic showed the largest depth of 1.40 mm and was statistically different from other groups and Vita MKII. And the strength of the four groups of PMC-I ceramic were 137.7, 210.2, 118.0 and 106.0 MPa, respectively. CONCLUSION: The machinability of the new developed dental machinable ceramic of PMC-I could meet the need of the clinic.
Dental Porcelain↗
Hypochlorite and Cu(2 ) Induced Oxidation of High Density Lipoprotein.
In order to further study on the properties of oxidatively modified high density lipoproteins(Ox-HDL), the effects of hypochlorite and Cu(2 ) on HDL oxidation in vitro were investigated. The results showed that, as to LDL, HDL was also oxidized by hypochlorite and Cu(2 ), causing the formation of thiobarbituric acid substances (TBARS) and increase of negative charges on HDL particle surface. It was also found that during the oxidation of hypochlorite, both apoAI and apoAII were degraded into small fragments, the phosphatidylcholine(PC) hydrolyzed into lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and the protein components of HDL formed carbonyls.
Journal Article↗
Changes in cardiac function reserve after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty: a longterm follow-up study.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term effect of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) by observing the changes in mitral valve reserve after PBMV and during the long-term follow-up and by exploring the relations of these changes with stress echocardiographic scores. METHODS: Stress echocardiogaphy was performed in patients receiving PBMV for mitral stenosis both after surgery and during the long-term follow-up study, and Wilkins scores of the patients were obtained pre-operatively. Intravenous isoproterenol was administered before test to increase the heart rate to simulate mild, moderate and heavy exercises, and the indices for cardiac function were recorded. RESULTS: After PBMV, mitral valve reserve and cardiac function reserve were partly restored, and stress echocardiographic score was closely related to long-term cardiac function ( = 0.82). CONCLUSIONS: PBMV can increase mitral valve area and partly resotreit funtional reserve, and stress echocardiographic score is more predictive of the long-term cardiac function than Wilkins score.
Journal Article↗
Oxidative Modification Reduces HDL-induced Cholesterol Efflux from Cultured Human Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells.
To investigate the effects of oxidative modification of high density lipoprotein (HDL) on HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from human arterial smooth muscle cells(SMC), native HDL (N-HDL) and oxidized HDL(Ox-HDL) induced by copper or hypochlorite were incubated with cultured SMC preloaded with (3)H-cholesterol for 2--24 h. The radioactivities of (3)H-cholesterol of the medium and SMC were measured respectively, and the cholesterol efflux rate (CER) of HDL and Ox-HDL were determined. The result showed that the CER of N-HDL was 43.1% after 24 h incubation, while the CER of Ox-HDL induced by copper or hypochlorite were 28.9% and 23.5% respectively, reduced by 30.0% and 43.1% compared with N-HDL. The speed of 3H-cholesterol efflux of Ox-HDL from SMC were decreased remarkably. Inhibition of oxidation with antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT), vitamin C or vitamin E recovered mostly the ability of HDL to stimulate cholesterol efflux. The results suggest that oxidation of HDL may attenuate its effect on cholesterol efflux from arterial SMC, and vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation may protect artery from atherogenesis.
Journal Article↗
Development of a population-based questionnaire to explore psychosocial determinants of screening for memory loss and Alzheimer Disease.
Alzheimer disease research has focused on detecting the earliest signs of cognitive decline and efforts are ongoing to develop biomarkers and cognitive measures that reliably distinguish between nondemented and demented individuals. However, little is known about factors that may directly or indirectly influence screening behavior of older community-dwelling adults. We describe an iterative process for the development and formative evaluation of a questionnaire about dementia knowledge and screening behaviors in older adults to understand the psychosocial factors underlying intention to obtain dementia screening to profile individuals manifesting intention to undergo dementia screening compared to those who will not. The Behavioral Model of Health Services Use was used as a conceptual framework for a questionnaire with constructs from the Health Belief Model, Theory of Reasoned Action and Self-Efficacy. After pretesting, we used a random dialing strategy to test our questionnaire on a final sample of 1024 older Missourians. Internal consistency and construct validity were examined. Pretesting identified several potential problems that were improved with rewording. Cronbach alpha was greater than 0.6 (range 0.62 to 0.92) in all but one construct testing dementia knowledge, suggesting good to excellent internal consistency. Convergent (construct) validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. All constructs but 3 demonstrated good validity. Addressing these issues will allow researchers to identify unique characteristics based on age, race, sex, socioeconomic differences and geographic location, and characterize barriers to screening programs to more effectively develop targeted community-based interventions.
Aged↗