Biomedical subjects

Qixing Zhou

Publications and source records attributed to Qixing Zhou.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

[Cu adsorption by phaeozem and burazem].

Studies on the thermodynamics and kinetics of copper (Cu2+) adsorption by phaeozem and burozem showed that that the adsorption of Cu2+ by these two soils was increased with the increasing concentration of Cu2+ within the range of Cu2+ concentrations used in the experiment, but the amount of Cu2+ adsorbed and fixed on phaeozem was much higher than that on burozem. When the test Cu2+ concentration in adsorption equilibrium was 95 mg.kg-1, its adsorption by burozem was nearly 3720 mg.kg-1, whereas by phaeozem was as high as 6076 mg.kg-1. Under the highest CuCl2 treatment of 400 mg.kg-1, Cu2+ adsorbed by phaeozem and burozem was 6159.0 mg.kg-1 and 4736.6 mg.kg-1, respectively. The adsorption of Cu2+ by the test soils could significantly conform to the Freundlich and Temkin equation, while Langmuir equation was not applicable to describe the isothermal adsorption processes of Cu2+ by the two soils. The adsorption of Cu2+ by the test soils was very rapid, which could reach its balance after 15-20 min. The adsorption within the first 2 min at its beginning stage accounted for 90% of the Cu equilibrium adsorption. The adsorptive rate of Cu2+ by phaeozem was decreased more quickly than that by burozem with the time. The two-constant equation was the optimal model to describe the adsorption of Cu2+. The other models in point were first-order dynamic equations and Elovich equations, whereas parabolic diffusion equations were not suitable ones.

Adsorption↗

PubMed2003

[Performance of a novel combined flocculant HECES].

Combined flocculants with higher environmental safety and lower ecological risk are urgently required in the process of water and wastewater treatment. HECES, a kind of flocculants with high effect and high ecological safety was synthesized by natural and biodegradable polysaccharide starch of corn and inorganic aluminium salt. Flocculent performance includes sediment character and turbidity removal rate. The jar test results showed that the flocculent performance of HECES with the dose of 3.0 mg.L-1 was prior to the combined adding 4.5 mg.L-1 PAC and 1.0 mg.L-1 PAM in treating kaolin suspensions. The optimal concentration of HECES was 8.0 mg.L-1 and 4.0 mg.L-1 in treating domestic wastewater and municipal effluent respectively, with the comparison to 50% an 40% of PAC, the removal rate of turbidity reached 95% and 99%, respectively. It was also identified that the optimal concentration required to effect flocculation depended on kaolin concentration, and on the character of the wastewater within the range examined. It could be more effective to treat wastewater with higher concentration of HECES. The flocculating performance would be better at pH 4.0-9.5. The superior ecological safety of HECES was due to its lower dosage and its lower concentration of residual activated aluminium.

Flocculation↗

PubMed2003

[Effects of magnetized soil on physiological and biochemical indexes of Brassica napus seedlings].

Nitrate reductase, peroxidase, water-soluble sugars, root vitality and total biomass of Brassica napus seedlings were investigated with soil after magnetization treatment. The results showed that nitrate reductase activity was increased by 10.76% after 200 mT treatment. The contents of water-soluble sugars were increased by 11.05% and root vitality by 26.40% for 300 and 100 mT treatments, respectively. Total biomass also showed a trend of increase as the magnetization increased. The highest biomass of the above-ground parts was achieved at 300 mT, which was 13.28% higher than that of control. In addition, total biomass of below-ground parts was the highest at 200 mT, which was 13.17% higher than that of control, and the ratio of below-ground to above-ground parts decreased by 10.00%, suggesting that the overall environmental quality of the soil was improved significantly.

Biomass↗

PubMed2003

[Advances of research on combined pollution in soil-plant systems].

The research on combined pollution in soil-plant systems is a scientific frontier of pollution ecology, and has an important significance in ecological safety of agricultural environment. The origin of combined pollution as a conception and its connotation development were reviewed. Types of combined pollution occurred in soil-plant systems and relevant progresses in this area were summarized. Ecological effects resulted from combined pollution of soil-plant systems and their quantificational tokens were expounded. The interactions of heavy metal-organic pollutant and organic pollutant-pathogenic microorganisms were pointed out to be important combined pollution in soil-plant systems, and the studies on the interactions, sub-products and their aged process, and moletoxicology mechanism of multi-pollutants were suggested to be the future keystone contents in this area. Meanwhile, the prospective studies on the methods and application of the results of combined pollution were put forward to provide a support for the warning and remediation of soil pollution.

Agriculture↗

PubMed2003

[Origin of SARS from accelerated evolution of a virus by combined pollution].

The SARS virus origin which obviously differs from the theory of out-space origin and the theory of wildlife origin was theoretically discussed based on principles of pollution-evolution ecology, pathogenesis and infectant characteristics of SARS, and some relevant experimental evidence. It emphasizes on the fact that increasingly combined pollution in China provides a substantial basis for virus evolution. Gene recombination and fusion of more than one virus in ecosystems should take charge with the origin of a SARS virus. In particular, a common cold or influenza virus can acceleratedly changed into a superpower common cold or influenza virus through genetic mutation and gene recombination by increasingly combined pollution. This work can be useful for human beings to overcome SARS in theory.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[Chemical behavior and ecological effects of pollutants acting on root-soil interface].

Root-soil interface is the main entrance of pollutants intruding into plant tissues and the special micro-ecosphere that can result in a series of ecological safety problems. In this review, the concept of root-soil interface is presented and it is suggested that root-soil interface behavior and effects of chemical pollutants should be grouped into two aspects as rhizosphere chemical behavior and ecological effects and root chemical behavior and ecological effects. These two aspects are theoretically discussed according to the latest research advances. Rhizosphere chemical behavior and ecological effects included rhizosphere pH environment and adsorptive behavior, rhizosphere oxidation-reduction behavior, rhizosphere chemical toxicology effects, rhizosphere microbiological effects, and rhizosphere bioenzymatic reaction etc., and root chemical behavior and ecological effects included root exudation, influence of enzymatic systems in roots, disturbance of normal physiological processes, change of cellular structure and function, and interference of structure and function of biological macromolecules. Particular attention should be paid to the significance as well as some problems of research on chemical behavior and ecological effects of pollutants acting root-soil interface in pollution ecology.

Adsorption↗

PubMed2002

[Eco-toxicological effects of heavy metals on the inhibition of seed germination and root elongation of Chinese cabbages in soils].

The Eco-toxicity effects of individual Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd on the inhibition of seed germination and root elongation of Chinese cabbages (Brassica pekimensis) were tested in four types of soils (red loam soils, meadow brown soils, chestnut soils and dark brown soils) and water solution. The combined effects of heavy metals pollution were determined with meadow brown soils. Results indicated that with same concentration, the inhibition rates of heavy metals on root elongation of Chinese cabbages are stronger than that on the seed germination. The inhibition effects of heavy metals on the root elongation of Chinese cabbages in soils are much lower than that in water, indicating that soils play an important role of buffering on heavy metals pollution. Inhibition rates of heavy metals on the root elongation (IRHMRE) of Chinese cabbages are significantly negative related with the contents of organic matter (OR) and Kjedahl-nitrogen (K-N) in soils, however, there is no significant related between IRHMRE and soil pH, so does the content of T-K. In the concentrations that result in the irritated effect in the single form of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd pollution, synergic effects are produced significantly when four heavy metals are combined. As the results, the threshold values that result in the inhibition effects on root elongation in Chinese cabbages decrease markedly.

Brassica↗

PubMed2002

[Transporting models of reactive X-3B red dye in water-soil-crop continuums].

Reactive X-3B red dye entering into environment is a typical persistent organic pollutant(POPs). Transport of the dye from water to soil and from soil to crop compartment is a continuous ecological process. According to the cognitionm, the quantitative depiction of the process using mathematical models was theoretically discussed. Some of the mathematical models were also verified using burozem-soybean, cinnamon soil-wheat, krasnozem-radish, aquorizem-rice systems. In particular, transference of the dye from water compartment to soil compartment by way of adsorbent mechanisms was accorded with the Langmuir model, and movement of the dye from soil compartment to crop compartment on the basis of root-absorbing mechanisms could be expressed using logarithmic crop-soil accumulation factor(CSAF) models.

Coloring Agents↗

PubMed2002

[Comparative study on ecotoxicological indexes of crops exposure to reactive X-3B red dye].

Ecotoxicological indexes of wheat, Chinese cabbage and rice exposed to reactive X-3B red dye were studied using the experimental method of crop seed exposure. The results showed that reactions of the three crops to reactive X-3B red dye were different from each other. Based on the inhibition of seed gemination, the half effect concentration(IC50) of wheat, Chinese cabbage and rice was 8965, 7010 and 7514 mg.L-1. Based on the inhibition of root elongation, the IC50 of wheat, Chinese cabbage and rice was 6534, 5882 and 4570 mg.L-1. When seedlings were cultured for seven days after the gemination of seeds and the remaining seeds or husks were discarded, fresh and dry growing biomass of the three crops exposed to the dye was both decreased with the increasing the concentration of reactive X-3B red dye. However, the decrease rate of fresh biomass was higher than that of dry biomass. Biomass index of wheat was most sensitive to reactive X-3B red dye, followed by rice, and Chinese cabbage was most inertia when the crops were exposed to reactive X-3B red dye with the high concentration of 4500 and 5000 mg.L-1. As far as the tolerance of wheat, Chinese cabbage and rice to reactive X-3B red dye was concerned, wheat had the strongest tolerance, on the contrary rice had the wakestone.

Brassica↗

PubMed2002

[Chlorobenze-stressing injury of the germination of soybean seed].

Effects of various doses of 1,2,4-trichlorobenze on seed germination and seedling growth of soybean were studied. The results indicated that 50-200 micrograms.g-1 of 1,2,4-trichlorobenze had no effect on the percentage of seed germination, but delayed the rate of seedling growth. The seed germination was stopped by 300 micrograms.g-1 of 1,2,4-trichlorobenze. The most activity of SOD took place on the 4th day after sowing of soybean seed in the normal condition, then tended to be in a certain level with a little alteration. Under the various dose stress of 1,2,4-trichlorobenze, the activity of SOD in soybean hypocotyl was decreased, while MDA and protein contents as well as diameter of hypocotyls increased. Seedlings growth, fresh weight(FW), dry weight(DW) were inhibited, while the ratio of FW/DW didn't change. Damage-level of wheat seedlings was increased with increasing 1,2,4-trichlorobenze concentrations. Roots were more sensitive to 1,2,4-trichlorobenze-stress than hypocotyls.

Chlorobenzenes↗

PubMed2002

[Effects of land utilization of sewage sludge on crops and soils].

Effects of land utilization of sewage sludge on crops and soil environment were studied using sewage sludge from the Northern Shenyang Plant of Wastewater Treatment. The results showed that contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter in the soil were increased after the utilization of sewage sludge, thus being advantageous to growth and development of crops. The biomass of rice after having applied 22.5 and 45 t.hm-2 of sewage sludge was increased by 11.48%-11.83% compared with the control. There was no evident harmful effect of heavy methals from sewage sludge on quality of soil environment, agricultural products and underground water when the application of sewage sludge was controlled within the range of 45 t.hm-2.

China↗

PubMed2002

[Acute toxicological effects of heavy metal pollution in soils on earthworms].

Acute and sub-acute lethal effects of single and combined Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd on earthworm was determined using meadow brown soil. Results indicated that the mortality of earthworm was significantly related with the concentrations of Cu and Zn in the soil (alpha = 0.05, RCu = 0.86, RPb = 0.87), and the inhibition rate of earthworm growth was significantly related with the concentration of Cu in the soil (alpha = 0.05, RCu = 0.84). There was no significant relation between the concentrations of other heavy metals tested and the death rate and the growth-inhibition rate. The degree of individual earthworm enduring the toxicity of heavy metals varied greatly. The threshold concentration of toxicity defined by statistical method, the level to conduce the death of individual earthworm was 300 mg.kg-1 for Cu, 1300 mg.kg-1 for Zn, 1700 mg.kg-1 for Pb, 300 mg.kg-1 for Cd. LC50 was 400-450 mg.kg-1 for Cu, 1500-1900 mg.kg-1 for Zn, 2350-2400 mg.kg-1 for Pb and 900 mg.kg-1 for Cd. Combined effects of single Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd to conduce more than 10% of the death rate of earthworm could result in 100% of the death rate of earthworm, thus showing the strong synergistic joint effect of the heavy metals.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

[Retrospect and prospect of pollution ecology].

Since 1970s, pollution ecology has gone through several historical stages including the natal, growing and developing and expanding stage with the rise in environmental sciences and the development of applied ecology. The theoretical system and researching methods with special characteristic of the subject has taken shape. So far pollution ecology has become an independent discipline to probe into interactions between biological systems and polluted environment and to control and remedy polluted environment using ecological principles, is an important component part of applied ecology and derives from amalgamation and intersection between ecology is faced with challenges and opportunities. A breakthrough and good progresses will be made in its branches and frontal fields such as ecology of combined pollution, contaminant ecotoxicology, ecological processes of pollutants and ecological remediation of contaminated environment.

China↗

PubMed2002

[Interaction between microorganisms and heavy metals and its application].

Interactions between microorganisms and heavy metals were expatriated in many ways. Because of their resistance and detoxification to heavy metals, microorganisms are able to leach, absorb and transform heavy metals, which has been actively applied to extract heavy metals from low-rate ore in mine exploitation. Although heavy metals are toxic to microorganisms population and harmful to its processes, some special microorganisms have been applied to the treatment of industrial waste materials and the remediation of soils polluted by heavy metals. The application of microbiological biomass and activity to evaluating the pollution situation and ecological risk of heavy metals in environment media is also significant.

Bacteria↗

PubMed2002

[Molecular-ecological technology of microorganisms and its application to research on environmental pollution].

Nucleicacid probe detection, PCR technique using primer, DNA sequential analysis, and electrophoresis separation and display were summarized and the application of these techniques to research on environmental pollution and future developing directions were discussed. It was pointed out that molecular-ecological technology of microorganisms are playing an important role in studying on relationships between microorganisms and contaminated environment. There are some important advances such as genetic adaptation and evolutionary mechanisms of microorganisms in contaminated environment, the positioning of pollutant-degrading genes of microorganisms and the construction of microbiological engineering bacteria, thus promoting the development of molecular ecology for bioremediation of contaminated environment.

Bacteria↗

PubMed2002

[Adsorption behavior of reactive X-3B red dye in soil environment and relevant influencing factors].

The determination of rates of soil adsorbing reactive X-3B red dye opened out that the adsorption of the dye by soils could be divided into four stages: high-speed adsorption, slowdown adsorption, slow-speed adsorption and zero adsorption. There was a great difference in adsorptive rates between various soil types during these different stages. The research on adsorptive isotherms of reactive X-3B red dye pointed out that adsorptive behavior of the dye tallied with the Langmuir equation. The calculation on the basis of the adsorptive isotherms indicated that the maximum adsorption of the dye was in the sequence paddy soil > red soil > brown earth > cinnamon soil. As for relevant environmental factors influencing this adsorption, contents of organic matter and water in soils, soil pH and air temperature were involved. When soil organic matter or air temperature was reduced and soils were at neutral, runny or unwatered conditions, the adsorption of the dye on soils was decreased, thereby inhibiting the accumulation of the dye in soil environment.

Adsorption↗

PubMed2002

[Eco-toxicology of heavy metals on the inhibition of seed germination and root elongation of wheat in soils].

The eco-toxicity of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in the single form was tested with four types of soils(red loam soils, meadow brown soils, chestnut soils, and dark brown soils) and their combined effect was determined with meadow brown soils. The results showed that with the same content of heavy metals, the root elongation was strongly inhabited than the seed germination, and it indicated that root was more sensitive to heavy metals pollution. The inhibition rate of heavy metals pollution on the root elongation (IRHMRE) of wheat was significantly related with the contents of organic matter (OR) and Kjedahl-nitrogen (K-N) in soils (R2OR = 0.91, R2K-N = 0.92). However, IRHMRE was not significantly related with soil pH as did with OR and K-N, so does the content of CEC (R2pH = 0.62, R2CEC = 0.60). Whether under the low concentration of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd resulted in an irritated effect in root elongation, or under high concentration resulted in an inhibition effect in the single form, an synergistic effect occurred in the combined form.

Cadmium↗

PubMed2002

[International trends of applied ecology and its future development in China].

Internationally applied ecology was born around 25-40 years ago in order to adapt and serve the needs of mitigating increasingly environmental pollution and ecological destroy in developed western countries at that time. All the times applied ecological principles thus underpin most efforts at solving increasingly deterioration of natural resources and serious eco-environmental problems as its keystone and researching kernel with the development of the subject. At the advent of the 21st century, human beings enter into the age of applied ecology. There are five international features of applied ecology, including more attention to many-sided applications, special emphasis on the intersection with engineering, strongly keeping on mutual links with basic ecology, omnidirectional adoption of new methods and new technology, and side-by-side trends of microcosmic mechanisms and macroscopical regulation. Although we must connect with international applied ecology and absorb distillates from the subject in developed western countries, development of applied ecology in China in the future, in particular, at the beginnings of the 21st century should not deviate from aiming at the solution of increasingly environmental pollution and ecological destroy that is one of the most important basic situations of the country.

China↗