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Biomedical subjects

R A Calandruccio

Publications and source records attributed to R A Calandruccio.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

The history of the Campbell Clinic.

The history of the Campbell Clinic is deeply seated in the accomplishments of Dr. Willis Cahoon Campbell. At the age of 26 he decided to live in Memphis and become an orthopaedic surgeon. At the time Memphis was growing rapidly and orthopaedic surgery was evolving as a surgical specialty. These conditions provided him with the opportunity to do many things that were visionary. He established the Campbell Clinic and the orthopaedic department of the medical school and aided in founding hospitals and clinics for private patients and patients who were indigent. His major contributions to the field of orthopaedics include the recruitment of outstanding associates who would follow and build on his high standards of performance, the establishment of an outstanding residency program, the publication of Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, and providing leadership for many orthopaedic surgeons. It can be said without reservation that Campbell and the early staff members played an important role in the growth of orthopaedic surgery essentially from its infancy and into the second half of the century. The legacy of excellence that Campbell and all the members of the staff established has continued to be the hallmark of the Campbell Clinic.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗

Effect of fetal thyroid hormone (RT3) on sarcoma cells in culture.

Fetal thyroid hormone (RT3) is considered metabolically inactive and is present in high concentration in fetuses and in some patients with end-stage malignant disease. In a virus-induced erythroleukemia cell model, RT3 was found to stimulate the growth of the erythroleukemia cells in culture. The focus of this research was to test the effect of RT3, at several concentrations, on the growth of naturally occurring human sarcomas in cell culture. Cloned cell lines of Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and osteogenic sarcoma were grown in multiple flasks of serum-free medium containing varying concentrations of RT3, ranging from 10(-8)-10(-5) M. Cells grown in serum-free medium containing no RT3 were used as a control. RT3 significantly increased the growth (total protein) of the rhabdomyosarcoma cell line in culture at concentrations between 10(-8) and 10(-6) M, with the maximum effect at 10(-7) M. The growth of one cell line of Ewing sarcoma was not affected by RT3 for any of the concentrations tested. The growth of two Ewing sarcomas and one osteogenic sarcoma was significantly stimulated by RT3 but only at the highest concentration of 10(-5) M. The growth of the other osteogenic sarcoma cell line was significantly increased at concentrations of 10(-6) and 10(-7) M. The stimulatory effect of RT3 on several sarcoma cell lines in culture suggests the presence of a specific receptor in the neoplastic cells and the possibility that RT3 may be useful as a model for new chemotherapeutic agents.

Fetus↗

Classification of femoral neck fractures in the elderly as pathologic fractures.

The following distinctions can be made between fractures of the femoral neck in elderly persons and similar fractures in younger patients: They are much more common in the elderly. They are more frequent in females than in males. There is a much higher incidence in the white than in the black population. Fractures of the opposite hip are more common in the elderly. Associated medical conditions in the elderly may make the patient more susceptible to falls and may increase the degree of osteopenia. There is a high rate of mortality in elderly patients within 1 year of the fracture. Minor trauma causes many of the fractures in elderly patients whereas severe trauma is usually the mechanism in younger ones. Osteopenia is more common in elderly women and places them at higher risk for fracture. Microfractures of the femoral head and neck may add to the high incidence of fracture in elderly persons. The anatomic configuration of the fracture is different in elderly patients, with impacted and displaced subcapital fractures more common. The incidence of union of the fracture is the same in older and younger patients, but in the older patient multiple pin fixation is necessary for impacted and nondisplaced fractures; also, in displaced fractures a device with side plate fixation is necessary to maximize fracture healing. The incidence of avascular necrosis is approximately the same in older and younger individuals, but revascularization of the avascular segment in older patients is a limited process. On the basis of these observations, fractures of the femoral neck in the elderly should be classified as pathologic fractures. There is a need for improved methods of reducing and treating nonunion and avascular necrosis, but also there is a need to obtain more data concerning factors related to the patient and to the quality of bone. Thus, it is hoped, some of these fractures can be prevented and better treatment can be provided.

Adolescent↗

Post-fracture avascular necrosis of the femoral head: correlation of experimental and clinical studies.

Both extraosseous and intraosseous blood supply of the femoral head are susceptible to injury in patients with femoral neck fractures. The injury to the extraosseous vessels is proportional to the amount of displacement at the time of fracture. The major intraosseous vessels are damaged if the fracture extends through the superior lateral portion of the neck or head. There is no apparent significant age difference in adults who develop avascular necrosis following a femoral neck fracture that unites compared with those who do not develop avascular necrosis. The difference in reported incidence of avascular necrosis following femoral neck fracture is probably due to several factors. Impacted and nondisplaced fractures should be reported separately from displaced fractures. Avascular necrosis should be reported following united fractures to avoid the confusion in diagnosis when associated with nonunion. At least two years of follow-up are necessary to diagnose 80% of patients who develop avascular necrosis. The type of internal fixation used does not significantly alter the incidence of avascular necrosis. The amount of vascular damage produced at the time of fracture predetermines which patient will develop avascular necrosis. Additional vascular damage may be produced at the time of internal fixation, especially malrotation of the head. The arthritic changes seen in some patients three or more years after femoral neck fracture seem to be initiated by collapse and fragmentation of small areas of avascular necrosis in or near the weight-bearing portion of the head. The various methods currently available for predicting the vascularity of the head at the time of fracture are not sufficiently quantitative to be used on a routine clinical basis. Biologic factors may explain the difference in the incidence of avascular necrosis in the adult femoral head epiphysis compared with that in the metaphysis and explain why the area of revascularization and reossification of avascular bone is so limited.

Adult↗

Anterior lumbar fusion.

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Bone Transplantation↗