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Biomedical subjects

R A Peterson

Publications and source records attributed to R A Peterson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effects of two nipple drinker types with different flow rates on the productive performance of broiler chickens during summerlike growing conditions.

Three trials were conducted to study the effects of a high flow volume (2.3 mL/s) nipple waterer (HFN) versus a low flow volume (.4 mL/s) nipple waterer (LFN) on the productive performance of broiler chickens as measured by average body weight (kilograms), average feed conversion (kilograms:kilogram), and percentage mortality rate. Equal numbers of male and female birds were used during Trial 1; only male birds were used during Trials 2 and 3. All trials were conducted during the summer months. An attempt was made during Trial 2 to expose the birds to artificial heat stress. No differences were seen during any of the trials in feed conversion between the two treatments. In Trial 1 the only significant difference (P less than or equal to .05) exhibited was in average male body weight (1.87 kg HFN; 1.84 kg LFN). A highly significant difference (P less than or equal to .01) was seen in average body weight (1.75 kg HFN; 1.64 kg LFN) during Trial 2. Average body weight difference during Trial 3 was highly significant at 42 days of age but not at Day 49. Mortality rate figures during Trial 2 indicate a highly significant difference during the 38-day period prior to heat stress (2.2% LFN; .4% HFN), and significant difference during the heat stress period (38 to 44 days; 2.9% LFN; 1.5% HFN). During Trial 3 mortality rate differences were significant by 49 days (20.6% LFN; 11.4% HFN) although there was no difference at 42 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1992

Correction of the senile chin deformity in face lift.

This operation, or some modification of its concept and technique, should become a standard ancillary face lift procedure in patients requiring correction of a senile chin deformity for elimination of the ptosis of the mentum and improvement of the adjacent integumentary contours. The chin, submental, and cervical contours so obtained have been consistently good (Figs. 3 to 7). There was contour improvement in every patient who underwent the operation in a 10-year interval. No implant has required removal for infection, malposition, or migration. Infrequently, the submental scar has required revision to eliminate minor, superficial contour irregularities at the lateral ends of the incision.

Chin↗
PubMed1991

LGM (Vena Tech) vena cava filter: clinical experience in 64 patients.

LG-Medical (LGM) vena cava filters were inserted percutaneously in 64 patients. Each case was followed after the filter insertion. Clinical follow-up was available in all patients; in 11 patients it was the only form of follow-up. Findings were available from autopsies in seven patients, plain abdominal radiographs in 42, and duplex sonograms of the insertion vein and inferior vena cava (IVC) in 46. A filter was inserted without major complication in all patients. The filter failed to open fully in four patients and was tilted in the IVC in 15. Recurrent pulmonary embolism was found in two patients (fatal in one), and inconsequential filter migration occurred in 11. Introduction vein thrombosis occurred in four patients. IVC thrombosis, demonstrated at autopsy or sonography, was found in 14 patients (22%) and was symptomatic in six (9%). This report suggests that the LGM filter is easy to introduce, and few complications are associated with insertion. The rate of caval thrombosis, however, may be higher than previously reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Depression, perception of illness and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease.

A role of depression in affecting outcome in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) has been suggested but few have assessed psychological parameters and medical factors thought to influence survival simultaneously and prospectively. To assess whether depression or perception of illness influences survival in patients treated for ESRD, we prospectively evaluated fifty-seven patients with ESRD treated with hemodialysis (HD, n = 43) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD, n = 14). Patients were interviewed and completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Illness Effects Questionnaire (IEQ). An ESRD severity coefficient was used to measure chronic illness severity. A cognitive item subset of the BDI (CDI) was used as an additional measure of depression. One and two years later, records were examined to determine survival. When initial results of the assessment of survivors and non-survivors were compared, at one year follow-up, there were no differences in mean age, duration of dialysis, severity scores, BDI or IEQ scores. The initial mean CDI scores in the group of non-survivors, however, were significantly greater than the scores in the survivor group. At two year follow-up, CDI scores were significantly different between groups, and were significant in a hazards regression. Disease severity, age and duration of dialysis were also significantly related to mortality at two year follow-up. We conclude cognitive depression is an important, early, indicator of grave prognosis in patients treated for ESRD. Early recognition of and therapeutic efforts directed toward the treatment of depression might modify outcome in ESRD patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Research note: effect of tetracycline hydrochloride and oxytetracycline hydrochloride given via drinking water on early mortality of broiler chicks from twenty-eight-week-old dams.

The effect of tetracycline HCl and oxytetracycline HCl on early mortality in straight-run Peterson x Hubbard cross broiler chicks from 28-wk-old dams was studied. Treatments consisted of a sham-treated control, and groups treated with a tetracycline either HCl (25 mg/454 g of BW per day) or an oxytetracycline HCl (14.6 mg/454 g of BW per day). Each group was treated via the drinking water for the first 5 days after hatching. There were 24 replications per treatment with 54 chicks each. Birds were maintained at a density of 622.5 cm2 per chick. Chicks treated with tetracycline HCl and oxytetracycline HCl had significantly (P less than .05) improved livability when compared with the sham-treated controls both at 2 and 6 wk of age (1.00 and .83 versus 1.79 at 2 wk, and 2.79 and 3.29 versus 4.29% mortality at 6 wk, respectively). No significant differences in mortality were observed between tetracycline HCl-treated chicks and oxytetracycline HCl-treated chicks. At the end of the 6-wk trial, no differences between treatments were seen in the productive performance of the broilers. The observed differences in livability at 6 wk of age could increase the number of saleable broilers by 10 to 15 thousand per million chicks placed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effects of anxiety sensitivity on emotional response to a stress task.

The purpose of this investigation was to further define the role of anxiety sensitivity, in relation to physiological arousal and the cognitive perception of anxiousness, as a determinant of anxiety. One hundred and thirty-two undergraduates at an urban university served as subjects. Two physiological measures of arousal and two cognitive measures of anxiety were used following an anxiety inducing task (mental arithmetic). The general expectation, which was supported, was that individual differences in anxiety sensitivity levels are more closely related to subjects' reported anxiousness in stressful conditions than are the actual physiological changes. Additionally, anxiety sensitivity was related to poststress levels of anxiety whereas trait anxiety was only related to pre- and postrelaxation levels of anxiety. Implications of the findings are addressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Perception of illness and depression in chronic renal disease.

The causes, extent, and quantification of depression in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients have been a concern of psychologists and physicians. To assess depression and its possible causes, 57 patients with ESRD treated with hemodialysis (HD, n = 43) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD, n = 14) and 16 patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) were interviewed and completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Illness Effects Questionnaire (IEQ). An ESRD severity coefficient was used to measure chronic illness severity in the patients treated with dialysis, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were used to assess severity of renal disease and adequacy of treatment. A cognitive item subset of the BDI (CDI) was used as a measure of depression. When patients treated with HD and CAPD were compared, CAPD patients were younger, had a shorter duration of dialysis treatment, and less severe medical illness, but the groups did not differ on the IEQ, BDI, or CDI. The IEQ did not correlate with age or disease variables. Both the CDI and the total BDI scores correlated with the IEQ. Perception of illness (IEQ) correlated significantly with cognitive depression for the CAPD and HD patients. For CAPD patients only, a significant correlation between the IEQ and severity of medical illness was obtained. Perception of illness and creatinine concentration were strongly correlated with cognitive depression in the patients with CRI as well. For all renal patients, level of depression was more strongly related to perception of illness than physical illness variables.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of the presence or absence of satellite chick-waterers in conjunction with nipple-drinkers on the mortality and productive performance of broiler chicks from young and old dams.

Two runs of one experiment were conducted to study the effects of the presence or absence of satellite (SAT) chick-waterers in conjunction with nipple-drinkers on the mortality and productive performance of mixed-sex, broiler chicks grown to 42 days of age. Data were combined for analysis. The chicks were obtained from dams 29, 31, 61 and 65 wk of age. The treatments were: 1) chicks from 61- and 65-wk-old dams, nipple-drinkers only; 2) chicks from 29- and 31-wk-old dams, nipple-drinkers only; 3) chicks from 61- and 65-wk-old dams, nipple-drinkers plus one SAT-waterer per replication; 4) chicks from 29- and 31-wk-old dams, nipple-drinkers plus one SAT-waterer. The SAT waterers were removed after 11 days. Routine management procedures were followed. The chicks from the older dams (61 and 65 wk of age) were heavier (1.60 versus 1.58 kg, P less than .05) tha those from the young dams (29 and 31 wk of age). Chicks from the young dams had better feed conversion (1.89 versus 1.93 g/g, P less than .01). The age of dam had no effect on the mortality of the broiler chicks. The presence or absence of SAT-waterers had no effect on body weight or feed conversion. A difference (P less than .05) occurred in mortality through 42 days of age; the chicks using the SAT waterers had a lower mortality level (3.23 versus 4.22%), than those using nipple-drinkers. The presence of ST-waterers in conjunction with nipple-drinkers appears to improve livability in broiler chicks.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

The effect of age of breeder hens on residual yolk fat, and serum glucose and triglyceride concentrations of day-old broiler chicks.

The fat content and the concentrations of glucose and triglyceride in day-old chicks hatched from 27 and 60 wk-old broiler-breeder hens were determined from pooled samples of residual yolk and blood serum, respectively. Serum glucose and triglyceride levels were unaffected (P greater than .05) by breeder age, although there was a linear (P less than .001; r = .67) relationship between these characteristics and chick weight. Yolk fat, adjusted for chick weight, was on the average 13% greater (P less than .05) in chicks from old breeders than chicks from young breeder hens. Yolk wet weight was not affected (P greater than .05) by breeder age. Results indicate that breeder age may affect chick performance through alterations in the fat content of residual yolk.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Crohn's disease angiographically mimicking vascular malformation or neoplasm.

We report a young woman with lower gastrointestinal bleeding in whom, angiographically and surgically, the offending cecal lesion appeared to be a vascular malformation or neoplasm. Pathologically, Crohn's disease associated with extremely prominent vascularity was discovered to be responsible for this unusual appearance and the bleeding.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Percutaneous embolotherapy in life-threatening hemoptysis.

Percutaneous embolization of the bronchial arteries to control massive or recurrent hemoptysis has become an accepted procedure, especially in treating patients with chronic pulmonary disease who are poor candidates for lung resection. Nonbronchial systemic collateral arteries and pulmonary arteries may contribute significantly to pulmonary hemorrhage, but embolization of these vessels has not been stressed in recent literature. When embolization of the bronchial artery fails to control hemoptysis, nonbronchial systemic collateral arteries should be embolized. If no systemic collaterals are present, then embolization of segmental pulmonary arteries may prove helpful.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Depression in medical in-patients.

Between one-fifth and one-third of patients hospitalized on general medicine wards experience significant depressive symptoms during their hospitalization. This study employed 71 general medical in-patients and examined the relative association of illness/hospitalization characteristics, patient characteristics and environmental characteristics with in-patient medical depression. Multiple regression results indicated that in-patient medical depression was related to pre-hospitalization depression and social functioning, patient perception of physician supportiveness and patient perception of illness-related life-disruption. None of the objective illness/hospitalization variables related to depression while in the hospital. These results are interpreted with regard to several current theories in medical psychology including a life-stress model emphasizing the ability of prior disorder to predict subsequent disorder, a social interaction model focusing on the effects of physicians' supportive behaviour on patients' emotional adjustment in the hospital, and models of illness that stress cognitive appraisal in determining illness-related mood and behaviour.

Adolescent↗