Mirror image duplications of chromosome 21. Three new cases and discussion of the mechanisms of origin.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R A Pfeiffer.
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Synostoses of the carpals and metacarpals with oligodactyly were noted in a man whose brother was similarly affected. Since the proband's two children are normal, autosomal recessive transmission is probable. Although abnormalities of the feet, and particularly radioulnar synostosis, are lacking, this malformation is comparable to the Cenani-Lenz type of syndactyly. Interfamilial variations of published cases suggest subdivision of a new nosologic group.
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Postaxial polydactyly represents an important manifestation of distal (partial) trisomy 13. We report on 2 patients with different chromosomal aberrations who share also mental deficiency, abnormal EEG, moderate dilatation of the 3rd ventricle and craniofacial dysmorphy.
Deletion of the long arm of chromosome 8 was found in a mentally retarded boy with typical features of the Langer-Giedion syndrome (TRP syndrome type II). Additional malformations were colobomata of the iris and partial syndactyly of the 4th and 5th fingers.
A t(X;Y)(p223;q11) was studied in a mother and son who share features of Turner's syndrome (short stature, mild brachymesomelia, unusual dermatoglyphics) as well as mental deficiency. In the majority of the mother's cells the extra chromosome is late replicating. Ten previous cases are summarized, and the significance of Xp deletions is discussed.
Several new histological findings in six cases of the trisomy D1 syndrome are described: hyperplasia of fetal structures (indusium griseum, median raphe of the medulla oblongata) and completely developed cerebellar cortical heterotopia in the dentate nucleus. In one case, a heterotopic pontine nucleus was found within the cerebellar white matter. The coexistence of overdeveloped and remaining fetal structures is emphasized. Several hypotheses regarding cerebellar dysgenesis are discussed.
An inherited human karyological variant (14p+) has been studied with a number of cytochemical techniques. The short arm of this variant chromosome 14 is nearly as long as the long arm, giving the chromosome a submetacentric to metacentric appearance. In conventionally Giemsa-stained preparations, maximum of three secondary constrictions can be observed the marker arm. The secondary constrictions are silver-positive in Ag-NOR preparations. However, the entire arm stains deeply in N-banded preparations. The 14p+ arm is also Q-negative, C-negative, G-negative, and R-positive with an almost homogeneous texture. The difference between N-banding and silver staining is interpreted as the result of gene activities of the ribosomal cistrons.
A tandem duplication of 5q13 to 5q22, visualized using GTG- and RBA-banding, was found in a mentally defective girl with craniofacial dysmorphy.
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Report on a translocation t(22;Y)(q12;p 13) with conservation of the NOR in normal members from 2 generations of a family. The proposita has in addition a small autosomal duplication, probably (1)(q44-ter) which could explain her mental deficiency.
Report on mosaicism of an additional deleted chromosome 8 in a 12-year-old girl. She exhibits several typical but minor features of the trisomy-8 syndrome. Her IQ is 77 (Hawik).
Description of a pericentric inversion of a chromosome 14 with breakpoints at p11 and q23 leading to duplication-deficiency as a result of crossing over.