Safe sexual practices not reliably maintained by homosexual men.
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Contraceptive Devices, Male↗
Biomedical subjects
R A Tielman
Publications and source records attributed to R A Tielman.
Evaluation of a safe sex campaign regarding AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases among young people in The Netherlands.
During the summer of 1989 a mass media campaign against the spread of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) was launched in The Netherlands. The campaign was directed at young people and targeted inappropriate beliefs about the transmission of HIV and STDs. These inappropriate beliefs were considered to function as rationalizations and excuses for individuals and their sexual partners not to take preventive measures. To evaluate the campaign, young people who had noticed the campaign were compared with the ones interviewed at the pre-test. The ones that had not noticed the campaign served as a quasi-experimental control group. The campaign not only reached a sizeable majority of young people, but also succeeded in bringing about some of the desired changes. The risk of HIV infection became personally more relevant to the exposed group and several misconceptions or excuses were less often endorsed. This suggests that a mass media campaign does not have to be restricted to mere attention-raising and increasing factual knowledge, but may be of relevance for other psychosocial processes as well.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
AIDS in The Netherlands: the effects of several years of campaigning.
One of the primary aims of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention campaigns in the Netherlands has been to inform the public of the facts about AIDS, thereby stimulating informed, but voluntary action to prevent transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By conducting successive population surveys from April 1987 until October 1989, the effects of this approach were assessed. Twice a year, approximately 1000 respondents, a random sample from the general population, were interviewed about AIDS and safe sex. Additionally, condom sales figures and STD incidences were evaluated. It appears that knowledge about the prevention of HIV transmission with condoms has reached 98% of the sample. During the study, there was an increase in the number of people who expressed an intention to use condoms or who already used them. Behaviour, however, appeared to fall short of intention. The observations were confirmed by condom sales figures and STD incidences. We conclude that the AIDS policy in the Netherlands has had beneficial effects, reflected by several indices.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody knowledge on high-risk sexual behavior with steady and nonsteady sexual partners among homosexual men.
For the study of the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing on high-risk sexual behavior with nonsteady and steady sexual partners, 307 homosexual men (118 seronegative, 75 seropositive, and 114 untested) were interviewed at three consecutive six-month intervals between July 1985 and December 1986. From the results, it appears that among seropositives the percentage who performed anogenital insertive intercourse with nonsteady partners remained constant (73, 64, and 61% during the first, second, and third intervals, respectively (nonsignificant]. Among seronegatives and those who were untested, the percentages who practiced anogenital receptive intercourse with nonsteady partners decreased from 44 to 29% and from 54 to 20%, respectively (p less than 0.05). The percentage who performed anogenital insertive intercourse and anogenital receptive intercourse with their steady partner remained constant in all groups: seropositives, +/- 70%; seronegatives, +/- 60%; and untested, +/- 55%. Seropositives were more likely to use condoms during anogenital insertive intercourse with their nonsteady and steady sexual partners than were seronegatives and untested persons during anogenital receptive intercourse with these partners (p less than 0.05). In the majority of cases, condoms were not used antibody testing in the three groups studied. The generalizability of these results, however, is limited.
Adult↗
Failure rate of condoms during anogenital intercourse in homosexual men.
Two hundred and seventy seven homosexual men participating in an AIDS study in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, were interviewed in July to December 1986 regarding their experiences with the use of condoms during anogenital intercourse. It appeared that in many cases the condoms used could not be described as reliable, or were not used safely. In 8% (117/1468) of cases the condom tore or slipped off. When different condoms were compared, it was seen that "qualified" anal condoms functioned best. Other anal condoms functioned worse, and in many cases even worse than classic vaginal condoms. Whether these differences exclusively depended on differences in quality cannot be assessed. Men who buy a qualified anal condom are possibly more motivated and thus also less likely to have failures. Regarding the apparent unreliability of the condoms used, homosexual men are advised to refrain from anogenital intercourse. When this is not feasible, a qualified anal condom should be used.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Impact of HIV antibody testing on changes in sexual behavior among homosexual men in The Netherlands.
Between October 1984 and May 1986, 746 homosexual men, living in and around Amsterdam, The Netherlands, were surveyed at three consecutive six months periods regarding their sexual behavior. At the start of the study all subjects, of whom 234 (31 per cent) were HIV-Ab seropositive, were informed about their HIV antibody status. Seropositives initially reported more sexual partners than seronegatives; they also showed a greater reduction in the number of sexual partners and the number of partners with whom all forms of sexual practices were performed than did seronegatives. In both groups subjects were more likely to terminate orogenital intercourse than anogenital intercourse and masturbation.
AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
Risk factors and prevalence of HIV antibodies in homosexual men in the Netherlands.
As part of the prospective AIDS study in Amsterdam, blood samples were collected from 741 healthy homosexual men with multiple sexual partners, between October 1984 and May 1985. Samples were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV). Anti-HIV was demonstrated in 233 (31%) of the respondents. Seropositive respondents engaged in anal receptive sexual techniques with more sexual partners than did seronegative respondents, whereas seronegatives engaged in manual sexual techniques with more sexual partners than did seropositives. As far as it was possible to control for the interrelations between the measured variables, a direct relation with anti-HIV was established. This leads to the conclusion that when the number of sexual partners is considered a risk factor for HIV, a clear distinction should be made between the sexual techniques practiced with these partners. Two other risk factors for the presence of anti-HIV were the use of cannabis and of nitrite.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
[AIDS and ethics].
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
[LAV/HTLV-III infection among a group of homosexual men; prevalence and psychosocial factors].
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗