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R A Zachary

Publications and source records attributed to R A Zachary.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Continuous norming: implications for the WAIS-R.

Following Gorsuch (1983, 1984), a method for generating continuously adjusted age norms is illustrated using the normative data for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) (Wechsler, 1981). Specific procedures for calculating age-adjusted Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQ scores also are demonstrated, with a worked example. Compared to the original tabled norms for the WAIS-R, IQ scores based on continuous norming are more accurate because they involve an analytic smoothing procedure that eliminates the inaccuracies introduced by traditional tabled norms and because people are compared against their exact age groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Estimating WAIS IQ from the Shipley Institute of Living Scale using continuously adjusted age norms.

Linear regression techniques and continuous norming were used to develop a procedure to estimate age-adjusted WAIS IQ scores from the Shipley Institute of Living Scale. The estimation procedure was derived on a mixed sample of 86 psychiatric patients and then was replicated on an independent sample of 44 psychiatric outpatients. Estimated scores based on the cross-validation sample correlated .76 and .74, respectively, with WAIS Full Scale scaled scores and IQs and did not over- or underpredict, which indicates a high degree of concordance between these two procedures. Compared to other procedures, such as those employed by Paulson and Lin (1970b), the continuous norm estimates of age-adjusted IQ are more stable because the age norms are smoothed analytically rather than developed on separate age groups. Thus, this estimation procedure is recommended for use in clinical and research settings in which a brief but accurate IQ estimate is desired.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Simplified formula and table for the unusualness of combinations of subtest scores on the Shipley Institute of Living Scale.

This article addresses the issue of how one might judge the statistical uniqueness of a pair of subtest scores, taking into account the correlation between both scales. A simple formula to test the bivariate uniqueness of pairs of profile scores is presented and illustrated, using the Shipley Institute of Living Scale. The formula allows one to test the hypothesis that a particular combination of scores on the Shipley Vocabulary and Abstraction scales is unusual compared to the normative data.

Concept Formation↗
PubMed1982

Measuring restrictiveness of psychiatric care.

"Restrictiveness" is neither a narrow legal concept nor a clinical concept that encompasses all aspects of a patient and his treatment; it refers to several features of treatment that can infringe on individual freedoms. As part of a study to develop a reliable method to measure restrictiveness, 31 mental health professionals were asked to rate the restrictiveness of six dimensions of treatment, such as legal status, and 33 treatment alternatives. Interrater reliability was high for both the importance of dimensions (alpha = .92) and the restrictiveness of alternatives within dimensions (alpha = .99). The treatment dimension judged most important in assessing restrictiveness was "limitations of physical freedom." The scale resulting from these judgments offers a plausible measurement of the restrictiveness of treatment configurations for use in evaluation research. The authors caution that restrictiveness is not in itself a comprehensive index of the quality of psychiatric care.

Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗