Respiratory function in IDDM patients.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
R Acampora
Publications and source records attributed to R Acampora.
Prenatal and postnatal antimony exposure in rats: effect on vasomotor reactivity development of pups.
Pregnant female rats were exposed to antimony trichloride (0.1 and 1 mg/dl in their drinking water ad libitum) from the first day of pregnancy until weaning (22nd day after delivery). Pups were exposed to antimony trichloride (0.1 and 1 mg/dl in their drinking water ad libitum) from 22nd until 60th day of age. Antimony exposure did not significantly affect maternal and pup systolic arterial blood pressure, length of gestation, and number of newborn per litter. Antimony exposure decreased maternal and pup body weight. No macroscopic teratogenic effects have been observed. Whether or not pups were exposed to antimony trichloride, pressor responses to carotid occlusion and 1-noradrenaline and hypotensive responses to 1-isoprenaline and acetylcholine were significantly higher on the 60th than on the 30th day of age. In pups, prenatal and postnatal antimony exposure did not affect pressor response to carotidal occlusion, while it decreased pressor response to 1-noradrenaline and hypotensive response to 1-isoprenaline on the 60th day after birth. At last, antimony exposure at higher concentration decreased pup hypotensive response to acetylcholine on the 60th day.
Animals↗
Experimental documentation of presence of purinergic receptors at human atria.
Our experimental data suggest the likelihood that there is a purinergic inhibition on human atria; it appears that inhibition is mediated via P1/Ri (A-1/Ri) and P-2 receptors. Adenosine and ATP produced inhibitory effects on chronotropism and inotropism via P1/Ri (A-1/Ri) and P-2 receptors respectively.
Adenosine↗
Medical hypothesis: cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus-from glucose to insulin and back.
Vascular complications such as atheroma, hypertension and macroangiopathy are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Epidemiological and clinical data linking hyperinsulinaemia to both hypertension and atherosclerosis are inconsistent. Hyperglycaemia is the distinguishing feature of diabetes and it seems a likely candidate for the poor cardiovascular outlook of diabetic patients. High blood glucose levels cause selective impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation and delay cell replication time of cultured human endothelial cells. These effects of hyperglycaemia are reversed by a number of antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione. Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation has been reported both in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patient. The evidence for a role of oxygen-derived free radicals in the pathogenesis of vascular diabetic complications can be summarized as follows: 1) glucose can auto-oxidize generating oxygen derived free radicals; 2) elevated levels of oxygen derived free radicals are found in red blood cells, plasma and retina of diabetic animals and patients, and correlate with metabolic control; 3) endogenous antioxidants are all decreased in diabetic tissues and blood; and 4) treatment with different antioxidants may improve many of the metabolic abnormalities reported to occur in diabetic patients. The use of antioxidants to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease in diabetes should await the results of randomized trials with these drugs in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary disease.
Blood Glucose↗
Coronary artery disease in type-2 diabetes mellitus: a scintigraphic study.
This study was aimed at evaluating the level of metabolic control and cardiovascular risk factors in a population of Type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. We used myocardial thallium-201 scintigraphy as a measure of coronary perfusion integrity. One hundred and forty six diabetic patients presenting with chest pain, ischaemic ECG changes or a positive exercise test underwent myocardial thallium-201 imaging perfusion in conjunction with exercise stress. Scintigrams were assessed by a computer assisted image analysis. The cardiovascular risk factors considered were sex, age, BMI and waist-hip ratio, smoking, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum lipids (total cholesterol and triglycerides), glycated haemoglobin A1, urinary albumin excretion, white blood cell count, and diabetes duration. The proportion of male diabetic subjects with a positive scintigraphy was 63% while that of diabetic women was 45% (p < 0.05). Mean age, anthropometric measures and diabetes indices were similar when diabetic patients with positive or negative scintigraphy were compared. The prevalence of patients with microalbuminuria and retinopathy (both non-proliferative and proliferative) was higher in positive (26% and 27%, respectively) than in negative (10% and 11%, respectively, p = 0.01) diabetic patients. Total cholesterol and white blood cell counts were also higher in positive diabetics (p < 0.05-0.01). These findings suggest that a cluster of risk factors (cholesterol, white blood cells, microalbuminuria) may be implicated in the development of coronary artery disease in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Age Factors↗