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Biomedical subjects

R Adams

Publications and source records attributed to R Adams.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cultural considerations: developing a nursing care delivery system for a Hispanic community.

Transcultural nursing should be the main focus of the nurse in any setting. Increased mobility of society demonstrates the need to understand anthropologic and cultural differences. The Valley provides a laboratory in which transcultural nursing can be examined more closely. Cadena recommends that MA nurses remain open to personal feelings generated by relationships with MA patients. The astute nurse assesses each patient's level of assimilation and provides care based on the findings. Comprehensive communication and patient and family participation are the keys to successful transcultural nursing. Sensitivity to modesty and pride translates into professional understanding of holistic needs rather than humiliation and alienation of the patient. At VBMC, these concepts are translated into working systems through the UACs and the bedside-managed care delivery system.

Communication↗
PubMed1992

Hematologic values in newborn beef calves.

Hematologic values were determined in 35 beef calves at birth, at 24 and 48 hours, and in 22 of these calves at 3 weeks after birth. Thirty calves did not have clinical signs of disease throughout the 3-week period. Variables that changed significantly over time in these healthy calves included hematocrit, RBC count, hemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, WBC count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and plasma total protein and serum immunoglobulin concentrations. Of the 35 calves, 5 had clinical signs of disease at 3 weeks. Comparison of hematologic values from these calves with values for healthy calves revealed significant differences at each sample collection time, although disease was not evident at the 3 early sample times. The band neutrophil count and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio differed between the 2 groups at birth. At 24 hours, the monocyte count was higher in the 5 ill calves. At 48 hours, total leukocyte, mature neutrophil, and monocyte counts, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio also were higher in the 5 calves. At 3 weeks when clinical signs of disease were detectable in the 5 calves, the total leukocyte, band neutrophil, and mature neutrophil counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and plasma total protein and fibrinogen concentrations were higher.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Arterial blood sample collection from the newborn calf.

Measurements of arterial blood gas tensions and acid-base status provide a means of assessing how well the respiratory system is functioning. This information is essential for thorough evaluation of a compromised neonatal calf but arterial blood sampling is difficult immediately after birth. A technique for collecting blood from the brachial artery of the newborn calf is described. This technique, which uses an easily located site, has been successfully used in field studies to determine arterial blood gas values in such calves.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A field study of the safety and efficacy of two candidate rotavirus vaccines in a Native American population.

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a rhesus rotavirus vaccine and RIT 4237, a bovine rotavirus vaccine, in a Navajo population. Infants aged 2-5 months were randomized to receive one dose of either 10(4) pfu of the rhesus rotavirus vaccine or 10(8) pfu of the RIT 4237 vaccine or placebo. Eleven (10.2%) of 108 infants in the rhesus vaccine group, 11 (10.4%) of 106 in the RIT 4237 group, and 9 (8.4%) of 107 in the placebo group experienced rotavirus diarrhea during the follow-up period of 17 months. Thus, in this population, neither vaccine was efficacious in preventing rotavirus diarrhea.

Diarrhea, Infantile↗
PubMed1991

Siblings of children with diabetes: involvement, understanding and adaptation.

The psychosocial adjustment of 30 siblings (aged 8-18 years) of children with diabetes mellitus was studied. Although most were younger than the diabetic child, 55% were closely involved in the dietary management and insulin treatment of the diabetes, yet many had only a limited understanding of the disease. Most were well-adjusted. However, low levels of self-esteem were apparent among some subjects, who did not fee free to question their parents about diabetes (30%), who identified themselves as the member of the family most likely to receive blame (33%), and who reported spending more time at home with their families than their peers (40%). Nine children (30%) worried about becoming ill themselves. None believed that having a child with diabetes in the family had impaired relationships in the home. Six siblings (20%) also described some positive effects of the illness, particularly enhanced family closeness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Mutational analysis of enhancer domains responsive to trans-activation by the X gene of human hepatitis B virus.

The X gene product of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) trans-activates the HBV enhancer. In order to identify domains responsive to trans-activation by the X gene, we introduced a series of mutations into the HBV enhancer and assayed the enhancer activities in the presence of the X gene product. Our results suggest that the EP domain of the enhancer is essential for trans-activation by the X gene.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Pneumococcal sepsis and meningitis in adults with sickle cell disease.

Patients with sickle cell disease are predisposed to infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, there has been only one published case of bacteremic pneumococcal meningitis in an adult with sickle cell anemia. We report here the cases of six adults with sickle cell disease, pneumococcal sepsis, and meningitis. Five patients were male and one was female. Their ages ranged from 18 to 34 years (mean, 25.7 years). Five patients had the SS and one had the SC hemoglobin phenotype. Only one patient had received pneumococcal vaccine (14 valent). This vaccine did not protect against the pneumococcal serotype causing his infection. All patients had high fever (mean, 39.8 degrees C [103.7 degrees F]) on admission; five had generalized weakness and four had neck stiffness. Leukocyte counts were greater than 30,000/mm3 in all patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid in all patients. The cerebrospinal fluid showed pleocytosis in six patients, an elevated protein level in five, and hypoglycorrhachia in two. Complications included renal failure in four patients, disseminated intravascular coagulation in one, and seizures in another. Two patients died. Pneumococcal sepsis and meningitis are uncommon in adults with sickle cell disease, but they carry a high morbidity and mortality. Wider use of the new 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine in these patients is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Development and evaluation of a human T-cell leukemia virus type I serologic confirmatory assay incorporating a recombinant envelope polypeptide.

A recombinant protein derived from the gp21 region of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) env gene was synthesized in Escherichia coli and purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The purified protein was free of contaminating bacterial proteins and retained reactivity with human HTLV-I- and HTLV-II-positive sera and a gp21 monoclonal antibody. An immunoblot procedure using the recombinant polypeptide in conjunction with native viral proteins was more sensitive than the conventional immunoblot and radioimmunoprecipitation confirmatory assays for detection of antibodies to HTLV-I and HTLV-II env-encoded gene products. The recombinant protein was equally reactive with sera from polymerase chain reaction-confirmed HTLV-I or HTLV-II infections. Furthermore, on the basis of the differential reactivities of gp21-positive sera with the HTLV-I p19 and p24 gag-encoded proteins, an algorithm was proposed to distinguish exposure to HTLV-I from exposure to HTLV-II. These results establish the utility of a modified immunoblot assay incorporating a recombinant envelope polypeptide as an alternative to existing HTLV-I-confirmatory assays.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1990

The count rate performance of a multiwire gamma camera measured by a decaying source method with 9.3-minute tantalum-178.

The multiwire gamma camera (MWGC) operates at high count rates with radionuclides of low energy and short half-life. We evaluate the count rate performance of the MWGC with tantalum-178 (178Ta) by a decaying source method. Data acquired dynamically by the camera from a 178Ta source in the NEMA Standards scatter phantom were corrected for deadtime loss by a trial paralyzing deadtime and converted to their natural logarithms. The trial deadtime, tau, was adjusted iteratively after curve fittings until a straight line was achieved. The paralyzing deadtime determined by this method was 0.41 microsecond. Therefore, the camera can be operated up to 850,000 cps with 178Ta without exceeding 50% data loss. This rate is 10 times greater than the performance of the typical scintillation camera. Moreover, high count rates are achieved without significant loss of spatial resolution.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1990

The impact of physicians' brief smoking cessation counseling: a MIRNET study.

Although many family physicians may discuss smoking cessation with their patients, few do so consistently. A common belief among many physicians is that such efforts will not deter their patients from smoking. Others believe the time commitment required for a successful intervention is excessive. The present study addressed the above issues by examining the effect of a 3- to 5-minute unstructured physician discussion encouraging smoking cessation with family practice patients. Cigarette-smoking patients of two busy family practices in southeast Michigan were randomly assigned to either a control group receiving routine care or an intervention group receiving, in addition to routine care, smoking cessation counseling from their physician. A third comparison group was drawn from smokers in practices not involved in delivering the intervention. Two hundred thirty-eight patients from the intervention group, 178 from the control group, and 47 from the comparison group were followed up with a telephone interview at 6 months. Intervention group patients made significantly more quit attempts than did those in the control group (P less than .001), which was similar to the comparison group. At the 6-month follow-up, 8% of intervention group members, and 4% of both the comparison and control groups reportedly were abstinent from smoking. Among those contacted at the 1-year follow-up, the respective percentages abstinent were 8%, 3%, and 4%. Although these differences in quit rates were not statistically significant, the findings suggest that physicians can positively affect patient smoking cessation. This intervention was feasible in busy family practices, highlighting its generalizability and applicability to other family practice settings in the United States.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Malignant lymphoma in three horses with ulcerative pharyngitis.

Three horses were examined for ulcerative pharyngitis, which had been unresponsive to treatment. Biopsy specimens of the pharyngeal lesions were characterized histologically by a mixed population of lymphocytes and histiocytes, suggesting chronic inflammation. Only when biopsy specimens of regional lymph nodes revealed this cell population disrupting the lymph node architecture was the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma made.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Inhibition of methyltransferase reduces the turnover of acetylcholine receptors.

Because of the putative rule of phospholipid methyltransferase reactions in many important membrane and receptor translocation processes, we studied the effect of methyltransferase inhibitors on acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR) turnover in cultured rat skeletal muscle. Inhibition of methyltransferase significantly reduced the normal rate of degradation of AcChoRs, a process that involves endocytosis. Further, under conditions that greatly accelerate the rate of degradation of AcChoRs--i.e., by addition of anti-AcChoR antibody--methyltransferase inhibitors again significantly reduced receptor turnover. AcChoR synthesis was unaffected. Thus, the net effect of this treatment was slowing of the antibody-induced loss of surface AcChoRs. That this drug effect was mediated specifically by inhibition of methylation reactions was suggested by certain additional pharmacologic features: partial reversibility of the effect by methionine, enhancement by homocysteine, and correspondence with marked inhibition of phospholipid methylation. The substrate specificity of the methyltransferase inhibitors capable of reducing AcChoR degradation suggests that phospholipid methylation reactions may be most relevant. Methyltransferase inhibitor drugs may provide a therapeutic strategy in receptor disorders such as myasthenia gravis, in which accelerated receptor endocytosis plays a major role.

Adenine↗
PubMed1988

Exploratory celiotomy for gastrointestinal disease in neonatal foals: a review of 20 cases.

The medical records of 20 neonatal foals in which exploratory celiotomies were performed for gastrointestinal disease were reviewed. In all 20 foals, persistent pain and/or progressive abdominal distension were the primary clinical findings influencing the decision to operate. However, ancilliary laboratory data were important to the proper medical management of these foals during anaesthesia and following surgery. Surgical diagnoses of the 20 foals included ileus (nine foals; 45 per cent), small colon obstruction (five foals; 25 per cent), large colon displacement (three foals; 15 per cent), small intestinal displacement (two foals; 10 per cent), and perforated gastric ulcer (one foal; 5 per cent). Seventeen foals were recovered from anaesthesia, 13 of these were discharged from the hospital, seven were alive six months or more following discharge. Sepsis was the cause of death in six of the 10 foals that died following recovery.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Exploratory celiotomy for suspected urinary tract disruption in neonatal foals: a review of 18 cases.

The medical records of 18 neonatal foals, in which exploratory celiotomies were performed for suspected urinary tract lesions, were reviewed. Despite clinical signs and laboratory values indicative of disruption of the urinary tract, three foals did not have a site of urinary tract leakage at surgery. Eight foals had ruptured bladders and seven foals had urachal lesions. Ultrasonography was used as a pre-operative diagnostic procedure in eight foals to evaluate the presence of free peritoneal fluid and urinary tract integrity. Nine foals were alive six months after discharge. Seven of the nine non-surviving foals died or were destroyed because of fungal or bacterial infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Activated charcoal in tricyclic antidepressant poisoning.

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) bind to activated charcoal both in vitro and in vivo in healthy volunteers after a therapeutic dose of TCA. These findings provide a basis for the routine use of activated charcoal in TCA poisoning. The object of this study was to examine the effect of a single dose of 20 g of activated charcoal in overdose patients. Ninety-one patients from four centres with suspected TCA overdose were entered into a randomized study. Gastric lavage was performed on all patients. Thirty-four received 20 g of activated charcoal and 43 served as controls. Fourteen patients were excluded. Plasma drug concentrations were taken on admission and at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h. The incidence of toxic symptoms was registered during 24 h. There was no significant difference in the area under the plasma drug concentration versus time curve, the peak plasma concentrations or plasma half-lives between the two groups. Toxic symptoms were more frequent in the non-treated groups although this difference was not statistically significant. In patients with TCA overdose initially treated with gastric lavage, a single dose of 20 g of activated charcoal had no effect on the systemic absorption or elimination of TCA.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗