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Biomedical subjects

R Aderjan

Publications and source records attributed to R Aderjan.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Long-term follow-up of the accuracy of blood alcohol determination (GC and ADH method) with test sera (about 0.6 and 1.5 g/L) with reference to safety recommendations regarding 0.1 promille].

For the precision and accuracy testing of the gaschromatographic and the ADH-enzymatic ethanol determination respectively, we used two commercially available control sera (approximately 0.6 g/L and 1.5 g/L respectively). During one year of testing during 1990 at 200 different days, they were daily and routinely used together with the specimen analysed. The mean serum ethanol concentration obtained for both sera was less than the value stat-ed by the manufacturer. Our investigation also aimed at a possible lower threshold value from 0.8 promille to 0.5 promille (BAK) as a consequence of the german "Wiedervereinigung". The combination of GC- with ADH-method always performed the safety-value set up as judged by the german "Bundesgerichtshof" (= 0.1 promille). Even if quality criteria could be hold in this study, some doubt is remaining concerning a sufficient accuracy of blood alcohol measurements in the more complex matrices of individual blood samples to which the results can not be transferred.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1991

[Precision of blood alcohol determination using GC and ADH methods].

For the precision testing of the gas-chromatographic and the ADH-enzymatic method respectively we used commercially available control sera. During one year of testing (1990) they were daily and routinely used together with the specimen analysed. With the automatized GC-method the precision required according to the jurisdiction of the Bundesgerichtshof was better than with the manual ADH-method. The precision of the ADH-method should be improved using an autoanalyzer. Systematical errors between the two different methods (GC and ADH) can be minimized by a double GC-determination. Our investigation also aimed at a possible lower threatening threshold of 0.5% (BAK) as a consequence of the german "Wiedervereinigung". The precision for this concentration is 0.02% for the GC- and the ADH-method.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1990

The determination of drugs of abuse in whole blood by means of FPIA and EMIT-dau immunoassays--a comparative study.

Six groups of common drugs of abuse (cannabinoids, benzoylecgonine, opiates, barbiturates, benzodiazepines and amphetamines) were determined in whole blood after acetone precipitation, using enzyme multiplied immunoassay (EMIT dau) and fluorescence polarisation immunoassay (FPIA--Abbott TDx and ADx) methods. Both methods, designed primarily for urine, allowed the determination of all above mentioned class of drugs but amphetamine. Only 1 ml of a pre- or postmortem blood sample was needed. The sensitivity of cannabinoids determination was higher by FPIA. The FPIA method gave more precise results, particularly in the case of autopsy blood. The method was applied for drug screening in autopsy and police blood samples. The results (both positive and negative) were in agreement with those obtained with chromatographic methods.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1990

[Detection of morphine and codeine in blood samples with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (NCI and PCI) for differentiating codeine use from use of heroin and morphine].

Morphine and codeine were isolated from blood with C18 Bond Elut columns and derivatised with pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA). The PFPA-derivatives were examined by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using electron impact and chemical ionisation (positive and negative mode). The negative chemical ionisation, as most sensitive, was applied for the quantitation of both examined substances in forensic blood samples.

Codeine↗
PubMed1990

[Experience after one year's computer-assisted determination and evaluation at the alcohol dehydrogenase laboratory].

The processing of blood alcohol measurements by alcohol dehydrogenase method (ADH) was improved by using a tailored software program. The program is written in Turbo BASIC and requires an IBM Personal Computer (PC/XT/AT) or compatible with at least 640K memory and a graphic adapter (EGA or Hercules). All features of the program are available from the menu bar with pull down menus. The program stores on disk or harddisk the optical density values measured with an HITACHI spectrophotometer. After the measurement the calculation of alcohol concentration is accomplished by the program. The results can be transferred and further handled with database systems (e.g. DBASE III). Stored values are used to calculate the reproducibility of calibration and the precision of single determinations.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1989

[Programming and structure of a relation-oriented data bank system for registration, blood alcohol values and documentation of findings at the forensic medicine institute of the Heidelberg University].

We report on a data base system for general registration including blood alcohol results which is in operation at the Institute of Forensic Medicine at Heidelberg University since january 1987. It is run on personal computers using dBase III plus as data base software. Working with the system has been adapted to the mode of operation hitherto. It's main purpose is to offer a general mean to standardize the documentation of results in the different fields of forensic medicine. At present it is run parallel with the registration by means of hand-written books. It's main advantage is the rapid search for all occurring names and files. Blood alcohol results are typed at the screen and printed out on the institute's standard form, with the expert's opinion being composed of text blocks. The essential data are extracted and transferred to the data base. A network of personal computers at different locations in the institute will be installed in the near future. A print-out of the data base will replace the hand-written registration, and the registration files will be completed by result files.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1988

Improved standardization in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using 1-nitroalkanes as a retention index scale.

A retention index scale based on 1-nitroalkanes was introduced for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The retention behaviour of nitroalkanes was examined using two different ODS-silica columns. The nitroalkanes are stable compounds having high UV absorbances at 200-220 nm. The correlation between the logarithm of the capacity factor and the carbon number was linear from the second homologue. The compounds up to 1-nitrohexane are easily available commercially, and they cover the retention range for the majority of toxicologically relevant substances. The retention indices of several test compounds showed that the scale based on 1-nitroalkanes is comparable to that based on alkyl aryl ketones, and additionally may cover the early eluted compounds, for which reference compounds on the alkyl aryl ketone scale are not available.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1988

[Fatal outcome of poisoning with ethylene glycol].

After an act of violence, a delinquent swallowed about 250 ml ethylene glycol (EG) - probably to commit suicide before being arrested. During an interrogation by the police he appeared to be inebriated. A blood sample taken at this time did not contain ethanol but 5.1 g/l EG, as revealed by the analytical results. Only after a second examination was he taken to an intensive care unit in a hospital in spite of signs of pronounced intoxication after 12 h at the first examination. The patient died 30 h after taking EG without being effectively treated. The correct diagnosis, initiated by information from the poison control center, was made too late. At autopsy, findings were indicative of stage II of EG poisoning with a body burden of still 40-60 g EG. The mean rate of degradation in the blood was approximately 0.15 g/l per hour.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1987

Instrumental set-up as a factor influencing the variability of retention index values in high pressure liquid chromatography.

The influence of different laboratory set-ups on HPLC retention index values of selected acidic and basic drugs was investigated. The RI values of drugs were calculated using the alkyrarylketone scale. Two columns filled with different batches of the same Hypersil ODS phase were consecutively used in two laboratories under identical conditions, but using different instrumentation. The study showed that the different laboratory set-ups influence the precision of RI values, and the differences in column filling affect the accuracy.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1986

[Fatal poisoning by protriptyline and haloperidol following an extreme overdose].

In this paper the authors report on a case of lethal suicidal toxification with protriptyline and haloperidol after oral ingestion. Gas chromatographic and radioimmunologic investigations were used for quantitative determination of protriptyline and haloperidol in blood, urine, and tissues. The highest concentrations were found in lung and liver. These concentrations are discussed with reference to the cause of death.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Classification of digoxin concentrations in blood and tissues in cases under suspicion of poisoning].

The clarification of a suspicion of poisoning at all times poses a problem to the forensic toxicologist, when a narrow margin of therapeutic safety and a low dosage coincide as in cases of digoxin poisoning. Statistical methods may serve as an aid. The post mortem digoxin concentration in the tissues of heart, kidney, liver and in blood of 45 patients who had received therapeutic daily doses and of 13 cases of fatal poisoning are compared. After logarithmic transformation of the individual concentration values a two modal distribution is obtained. There is one concentration calculated with equal probability of being classified to "therapeutic or toxic", as well as the probability of observing the "critical" concentrations of 400 ng digoxin/g cardiac tissue, 500 ng/g kidney and 250 ng/g liver after therapeutic dosing. Using the discriminant analysis each of the cases clearly falls into one of the two collectives "therapeutic" and "toxic", when taken as a separate observation. Concentration data of fatal poisonings taken from the literature are as successfully classified as the analytical results of some exhumed bodies under suspicion but not poisoned. As expected the power of discrimination increases with the number of parameters. Because of the relatively slow body distribution of digoxin the blood taken from peripheral vessels is of most important evidence.

Digoxin↗
PubMed1982

[Poisoning by diphenhydramine--forensic-toxicologic interpretation of analytic results ].

Several poisonings by diphenhydramine were reported shortly after it had been introduced as an antihistamine in 1945. In the Federal Republic of Germany its combination with 8-chlorotheophylline (dimenhydrinate) is available as a hypnotic without prescription. Replacing the dangerous diethylpentenamide diphenhydramine is a drug which is also often abused. Fatal poisonings, suicide attempts, and traffic accidents were increasingly observed. In seven cases drug-influenced road users caused traffic accidents. We observed blood concentrations of diphenhydramine as high as in four cases of clinically treated patients after ingestion of large doses. This indicates a serious drug abuse. The measurement of the concentration of diphenhydramine and its major metabolite (diphenmethoxy acetic acid) in blood and urine is a means of recognizing chronic use and misuse of diphenhydramine. As the metabolite accumulates in blood one may find an elevated level after multiple dosing. Shortly after taking a single dose no or only low metabolite concentration is found. The concentration of diphenhydramine and its metabolite was measured in several fatal cases. In one of these cases the concentration in body fluids and tissues was in a range not observed until now.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1980

[Validity of digoxin concentrations in blood determined post mortem (author's transl)].

The digoxin concentration in the blood of ten patients with terminal illness were determined by radioimmunoassay sampling the specimens 10-30 min before death, 30 min after death (subclavial catheter), and at autopsy (femoral vein and heart). At autopsy increased levels were found: in heart blood 6.64 +/- 4.45 ng/ml, in femoral vein blood 4.42 +/- 2.45 ng/ml, in ante mortem vein blood 3.36 +/- 1.75 ng/ml, mean difference in vein blood: 1.06 +/- 0.79 ng/ml (mean value and standard deviation). Only the corresponding concentration values in vein blood are closely correlated. The increase is determined statistically significant by the initial concentration found before death. A gradient dependent diffusion back from the tissues surrounding the vessels is to be considered. The walls of the vessels, however, do not contain higher digoxin concentration than the blood. Six of the ten cases showed levels of digoxin in the ante mortem blood clearly above the therapeutic range of 0.5-2.0 ng/ml. Reasons for this observation are discussed.

Digoxin↗
PubMed1980

[On determination and pharmacokinetics of flurazepam metabolites in human blood (author's transl)].

The blood levels and the elimination kinetics of flurazepam and its major metabolites in blood were investigated in 10 volunteers after application of 60 mg flurazepam (Dalmadorm). Hydroxyethylflurazepam and desalkylflurazepam are the metabolites suitable for proving a previous flurazepam ingestion. Splitting of glucuronides is helpful for the determination of hydroxyethylflurazepam as the maximum blood concentration of the unconjugated metabolite does not exceed 1/3 of the concentration after glucuronidase splitting. Because of the different half-lives of formation and of elimination a characteristic time dependent pattern of flurazepam and its metabolites is observed in blood during 24 h after a single dosing. From this, conclusions may be drawn about the period of time between ingestion and sampling of the blood specimen. The accumulation of desalkylflurazepam is indicative of the dose applied or of previous multiple dosing. Parallel to the rise of the blood concentration of the metabolites the excretion of the corresponding hydroxyethylflurazepam glucuronide is detectable in urine. Within 30 min the concentrations are suitable for thin-layer chromatographic quantitation. An impaired performance of the volunteers was observed essentially during the absorption and the early distribution phase.

Blood Pressure↗