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Biomedical subjects

R Albright

Publications and source records attributed to R Albright.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Efficacy of chlorfenapyr (AC 303630) experimental pour-on and CyLence formulations against naturally acquired louse infestations on cattle in New York.

The four chlorfenapyr formulations examined provided 100% control of both the nymphal and adult stages of naturally acquired Bovicola bovis (L.) on cattle up to 35 days after application. Treatment with 6mg chlorfenapyr per kg BW in a 0.12ml per kg BW formulation was as effective as treatment with CyLence (cyfluthrin) in controlling naturally acquired Solenopotes capillatus (Enderlein) on cattle for 35 days. Percent reduction was never greater than 90% with any chlorfenapyr application against Linognathus vituli (L.). However, percent reduction was greater than 90% with CyLence from day 21 through 35. No adverse effects were noted on cattle from any of the chlorfenapyr dosages used.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1999

Multicenter phase II trial of temozolomide in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or anaplastic oligoastrocytoma at first relapse. Temodal Brain Tumor Group.

PURPOSE: To determine the antitumor efficacy and safety profile of temozolomide in patients with malignant astrocytoma at first relapse. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This open-label, multicenter, phase II trial enrolled 162 patients (intent-to-treat [ITT] population). After central histologic review, 111 patients were confirmed to have had an anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) or anaplastic mixed oligoastrocytoma. Chemotherapy-naive patients were treated with temozolomide 200 mg/m(2)/d. Patients previously treated with chemotherapy received temozolomide 150 mg/m(2)/d; the dose could be increased to 200 mg/m(2)/d in the absence of grade 3/4 toxicity. Therapy was administered orally on the first 5 days of a 28-day cycle. RESULTS: Progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months, the primary protocol end point, was 46% (95% confidence interval, 38% to 54%). The median PFS was 5.4 months, and PFS at 12 months was 24%. The median overall survival was 13.6 months, and the 6- and 12-month survival rates were 75% and 56%, respectively. The objective response rate determined by independent central review of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scans of the ITT population was 35% (8% complete response [CR], 27% partial response [PR]), with an additional 26% of patients with stable disease (SD). The median PFS for patients with SD was 4.4 months, with 33% progression-free at 6 months. Maintenance of progression-free status and objectively assessed response (CR/PR/SD) were both associated with health-related quality-of-life (HQL) benefits. Adverse events were mild to moderate, with hematologic side effects occurring in less than 10% of patients. CONCLUSION: Temozolomide demonstrated good single-agent activity, an acceptable safety profile, and documented HQL benefits in patients with recurrent AA.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparative neurotoxicity of angiographic contrast media.

The neurotoxic effects in cerebral angiography of three iodinated ionic contrast media, nonionic iopamidol, 25% mannitol, and saline controls were compared in 25 rabbits. Diatrizoate sodium meglumine was the most toxic agent, followed by diatrizoate and meglumine, iothalamate meglumine, and mannitol in terms of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and coupled perfusion decline. HIPDm distribution was more sensitive than trypan blue extravasation for monitoring brain dysfunction. Iopamidol and saline controls exhibited no visual BBB breakdown or alteration in regional uptake of I-125 HIPDm, confirming the safety of nonionic iopamidol as compared with presently used ionic contrast media.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Response of age forty and over military personnel to an unsupervised, self-administered aerobic training program.

The Army recently extended mandatory physical training and testing to include personnel 40 yrs of age and older. The purpose of this study was to describe the profile of aerobic fitness in a representative group from this age population and to evaluate the response of such a group to a self-administered, unsupervised training program. Maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2 max) and percent body fat (%BF) were assessed in 260 military personnel (40-53 yrs of age) before and after 6 mo of physical training consisting of a progressive walk/run mode of exercise. Before training the mean +/- S.D. for Vo2 max and %BF for all subjects was 38.1 +/- 6.2 ml/kg . min and 26.1 +/- 4.7%, respectively. Subjects were divided into three groups based upon their initial level of physical activity determined by interview as follows: inactive, moderately active and active. Upon retesting after 6 mo, 40% of the inactive group had not participated to any appreciable degree in the program and subjects of this group who did participate showed only a slight and insignificant increase (4.4%) in Vo2 max. The pretraining level of Vo2 max for the total population studied was similar to that reported in other studies on comparably aged subjects. However, changes with training were well below those seen with supervised group programs of 6 mo duration.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Proteinuria in congestive heart failure.

To clarify the association between proteinuria and congestive heart failure (CHF), 24-hour urinary protein determinations were obtained from 27 patients with objectively documented CHF, before and after therapy of the CHF. The results demonstrate that modest proteinuria is a frequent feature of CHF and that this proteinuria reverses promptly with successful CHF therapy. Proteinuria exceeding 500 mg/day occurred only in patients with acute pulmonary edema. However, there was no other correlation between severity of proteinuria and type or chronicity of CHF. When proteinuria exceeds 1 g/24 h or when proteinuria does not reverse within 2 weeks of successful CHF therapy, intrinsic renal disease should be suspected.

Albuminuria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vivo quantitation of regional cerebral blood flow in glioma and cerebral infarction: validation of the HIPDm-SPECT method.

Iodine-123 labeled hydroxyiodopropyldiamine (HIPDm) is a diffusible indicator with an 85%-90% extraction fraction and stable retention in the brain for more than 2 hr. Equilibrium-phase imaging and quantitation using single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) scanning defined a distribution of HIPDm in proportion to regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Studies in calves affirmed a close correspondence (r = 0.97) in calculated rCBF between HIPDm and microspheres using the tissue deposition-arterial input function microsphere methodology. Using this same mathematical analysis in vivo, reproducible rCBF data within the expected range of normal were obtained on repeated studies in the same nonhuman primate. With a diffuse encephalopathy secondary to subarachnoid blood, a bilaterally symmetric decrease in rCBF was present. A prominent focal decrease in HIPDm accumulation and calculated rCBF was noted with cerebral infarction in the distribution of a ligated middle cerebral artery. Patient studies with glioma revealed diminished HIPDm accumulation due to decreased flow and/or pH in the region of the neoplasm as well as in the associated vasogenic edema and overlying gray matter.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anatomic applications of xenon-enhanced CT scanning: visual image analysis and brain-blood partition coefficient studies in man.

The inhalation of nonradioactive xenon, an inert gas that diffuses freely across the blood-brain barrier, resulted in brain enhancement which was quantitated and visualized by computed tomography (CT). Serial CT scans obtained during the buildup and equilibrium phase of xenon inhalation were used in a numerical and visual analysis of xenon accumulation in multiple selected gray- and white-matter regions in 12 patients. The calculated brain-blood partition coefficient (lambda) in normal gray matter was 0.92 +/- 0.11 and in normal white matter, 1.38 +/- 0.14. Asymmetries and delays in xenon enhancement were often visually apparent. The estimated partition coefficient was diminished more with cerebral infarction, intracerebral hematoma, and vasogenic edema than with hypoxic encephalopathy or glioblastoma multiforme. An increase in the rate of xenon accumulation was apparent by visual inspection of the motor cortex contralateral to complex hand movements. Technical factors and potential difficulties in conducting xenon-enhanced CT studies are discussed.

Adolescent↗