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R Alvarez-Vijande

Publications and source records attributed to R Alvarez-Vijande.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Living donor kidney transplantation: helical CT evaluation of candidates].

OBJECTIVES: Computed tomography (CT) is a diagnostic tool that has won acceptance in the past years for the vascular evaluation of living renal donor (LRD) candidates. We show the findings observed in a series of 102 candidates consecutively evaluated in our centre and present the correlation with the surgical data obtained in those individuals finally operated. METHODS: From May 1995 to June 2005, 102 LRD candidates were evaluated with CT. Eighteen were also studied with digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Fifty-eight donors underwent nephrectomy. Prevalence of arterial and venous variants found on CT exams were analyzed, as well as the correlation with surgical and DSA data when they were obtained. RESULTS: Forty-four percent candidates showed multiple renal arteries at least in one kidney. Seventy-one percent of right kidneys and 76% of left kidneys had a single arterial pedicle. Early branching was observed in 7.8% and 15.7% in right and left kidneys respectively. Venous variants were present in 17.5% and the 13.7% in right and left sides respectively. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CT to detect accessory arteries were 89%, 100% and 97% respectively when it was compared to DSA. Correlation with surgical data raised 93% for the presence of arterial variants. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular variants in renal pedicle showed a high prevalence. Helical CT can effectively achieve all the information required prior to surgery as a sole imaging procedure in LRD candidates.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

High-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia shares cytogenetic alterations with invasive prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: High-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is the most likely precursor of prostate adenocarcinoma. However, the relationship between this lesion and prostate cancer has not yet been established. The detection of cytogenetic changes in the lesions prior to prostate adenocarcinoma would be useful in demonstrating such a pathogenic relationship. METHODS: Twenty eight high-grade PIN cases were found among 57 specimens of radical prostatectomy performed for clinically localized prostate cancer. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using centromeric probes to enumerate chromosomes 7, 8, 10, and 12 was performed to study the numerical chromosome alterations. FISH analysis was carried out over isolated nuclei obtained from high-grade PIN areas and prostate cancer foci in the same prostatectomy specimen. RESULTS: Of the 28 suitable cases it was possible to complete the study in 26 tumor and 20 PIN areas. The remaining cases were excluded because of insufficient tissue or poor preservation. Cytogenetic alterations (aneuploidy) were found in 16 of the 26 (62%) tumors studied. The most frequent chromosome alteration was trisomy 7, detected in 12 (75%) aneuploid tumors, followed by monosomy 8 present in 5 (31%) aneuploid tumors. Trisomy 7 was also the most frequent isolated chromosome alteration since it was detected in 7 (44%) tumors. Thirteen of 20 (65%) PIN cases were aneuploid when studied by FISH. Trisomy 7, trisomy 8, and monosomy 8 were the most common cytogenetic alterations in the 20 PIN areas studied, being observed in nine (45%), six (30%), and four (20%) cases, respectively. FISH analysis showed a high correlation (75% cases) in ploidy and pattern of cytogenetic alterations between high-grade PIN areas and the paired prostate cancer focus in the same specimen. CONCLUSIONS: The above results show a cytogenetic link between high-grade PIN and prostate cancer, suggesting that the former could be an early form of prostate cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Numeric alterations in chromosomes 7 and 8 detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization correlate with high-grade localized prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the ability of flow cytometry (FCM) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), using a small set of 4 enumeration chromosome probes to detect aneuploidy in prostate tumors, and to correlate it with histological grade and pathological stage. METHODS: Among 28 suitable cases, 21 could be analyzed by FISH and FCM techniques. DNA centromeric probes were used in FISH analysis to enumerate chromosomes 7, 8, 10 and 12. RESULTS: (a) Of the 21 cases studied by FISH, 5 were diploid, 14 aneuploid and 2 were tetraploid. When studied by FCM, these tumors were: 14 diploid, 6 aneuploid, and 1 tetraploid. FISH proved to have a higher ability for detecting DNA aneuploidy than FCM while been equally specific, since all tumors aneuploid by FCM were also found to be aneuploid by FISH. (b) Of the 14 aneuploid tumors, 12 were of high histological grade, while only 2 of the 7 nonaneuploid were of high grade. A statistically significant association was observed between high histological grade and FISH aneuploidy (p = 0.033). (c) All the aneuploid tumors showed chromosome 7 and/or 8 aneusomy. Trisomy 7 and monosomy 8 were the most frequent alterations present in 56 and 42% of the aneuploid tumors, respectively. CONCLUSION: FISH analysis of chromosome 7 and 8 alterations proved to be more sensitive than FCM in the detection of aneuploid prostate tumors. This aneuploidy was significantly associated with a poor pathological prognosis.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1997

Cystic pyeloureteritis: review of 34 cases. Radiologic aspects and differential diagnosis.

OBJECTIVES: To refine the clinical and radiologic description of an unusual benign disease, cystic pyeloureteritis (CPU), consisting of the appearance of suburothelial cysts that raise the mucosa layer of the urothelium. We also studied its relationship with various types of inflammation, including chronic infection, that may be the stimulus for the appearance of CPU. METHODS: We compiled 34 cases of CPU covering the period 1976 to 1994, analyzing the clinical manifestations, diagnostic procedures, differential diagnosis, and evolution. RESULTS: There are no specific symptoms associated with the presence of cysts. The average age of the patients was 59 years (range 30 to 77). Urinary tract infection was detected in 18 (53%). The pyeloureteritis was unilateral in 27 (79%) and bilateral in 7 (21%) of the patients. The location of the cysts was as follows: 1 pyelic (3%); 6 pyeloureteral (18%); and 27 (79%) ureteral. Resolution of the radiologic alterations depends on the resolution of the associated pathology: infections, lithiasis, and obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that CPU is a benign pathology with indolent evolution and variable duration; it is not associated with sequelae. Diagnosis is made on the basis of radiologic findings, mainly intravenous urography; in view of the minor entity of the pathology, biopsy is not advisable if the radiologic findings are conclusive.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Ejaculation in men: a dynamic endorectal ultrasonographical study.

OBJECTIVE: To study the ejaculatory mechanisms in men using a dynamic endorectal ultrasonographical approach. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Seven recordings were made of a young healthy volunteer during ejaculation, scanning the longitudinal plane from the bladder neck to the bulbous urethra. RESULTS: The study demonstrated the existence of a pre-ejaculatory phase characterized by a notable decrease in echogenicity of the inner prostate gland, due to the contraction of the pre-prostatic sphincter 13-25 s before ejaculation. Several stages were recorded including an ejaculatory stage with an initial prostatic emission phase lasting 2-20 s and a posterior emission phase through the ejaculatory ducts lasting 3-14 s, with a seminal stoppage of 3-8 s, and finally a urethro-vesical reflux of a minimal fraction of the ejaculate over 5-9 s. The bladder neck and inner gland returned to their resting configuration between 10 and 90 s after ejaculation. CONCLUSIONS: Endorectal ultrasonographical imaging during ejaculation, a recently developed diagnostic procedure, may provide a new approach to ejaculation-related problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A simple method for the removal of indwelling ureteral stents in women.

A new method for transurethral removal of an indwelling ureteral stent has been developed. The 8-inch instrument has a thread-like element at an acting end, which forms a loop that is used to snare and extract the stent from the bladder. This device does not require endoscopic methods, is safe and easy to learn, and requires no specific equipment or facilities.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMed1992

Invasive bladder cancer in women.

A total of 84 radical cystectomies were performed for invasive bladder cancer in 67 men (79.8%) and 17 women (20.2%). The present study investigated the possible sex-dependent differences in the pattern of invasive bladder cancer. More than 40% of the women presented lower urinary tract syndrome alone or with haematuria, giving a clinical picture similar to acute cystitis. This caused an average time-lag in diagnosis of 18.5 months in the women and 8 months in the men. There was a higher frequency of non-transitional cell carcinoma in the women (17.6%) than in the men (2.9%). We found statistically significant differences (p < 0.005) in tumor grade: 35.2% of the women had low grade tumors, compared to 7.4% of the men. However, no significant differences in staging or survival rate were found when comparing the two sexes. This leads us to believe that bladder cancer is less aggressive in women.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Urinary schistosomiasis with cutaneous lesions.

We report a case of urinary schistosomiasis with simultaneous presence of cutaneous lesions in a white male. The literature is reviewed, and the frequency, characteristics and physiopathology are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Alpha-interferon and oral fluorouracil in the treatment of unremovable and/or metastatic renal cancer.

We present the results obtained in a study of the pharmacological action (phase II) of alpha-interferon and oral fluorouracyl administered in our 2-year study (Feb. 1988-Feb. 1990) in 10 patients suffering from surgically unremovable or metastatic renal cancer. Our results were: 1 patient with complete regression of lung metastasis; 5 with progressive disease within 3-4 months from beginning of treatment and 2 deaths with stable disease after 4-5 months. Two patients abandoned treatment and their disease progressed within 4-5 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Vesical tumors in patients under 25 years of age.

Behavior of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder during the third decade of life remains a controversial subject. During the period 1980-1988, we treated 7 patients (4 male and 3 female), 25 years of age or less (mean age 19.3, range 14-25), with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Until now, all patients are alive and without disease during 12-50 months after surgery. In 6 of the 7 patients, endoscopic resection was the choice treatment for superficial stage A/O. The seventh patient underwent a partial cystectomy for a B1 Jewet stage cell carcinoma. We conclude that transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in patients under 25 years of age has a less aggressive biological behavior. Therefore, ultrasonographic examinations and serial urine cytology represent the elective test for follow-up. Cystoscopy would only be performed in doubtful cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Oncocytoma and calcification. A rare association].

The oncocytoma constitutes 3-6% of the kidney neoplasiae. The authors report one case of calcified kidney tumor, Its presentation as a calcified kidney mass is exceptional and is not present in the largest series of calcified kidney tumors. The calcification prognosis is much debated, even more in the case of oncocytoma due to the very limited series available. For calcified kidney tumor, the oncocytoma should be included as one of the differential diagnosis, even if it is not very frequent.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

Prolonged anuria after failed percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in a kidney transplant patient solved by surgery.

We present the case of a 21-year-old transplanted female patient who presented with anuria due to a renal artery stenosis secondary to a failed percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. The interest is that, to our knowledge, it is the longest case (220 days) reported in the literature of anuria in these conditions solved by surgery with an immediate urine output recovery. We report the underlying pathophysiology.

Adult↗