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Biomedical subjects

R Amarowicz

Publications and source records attributed to R Amarowicz.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Nutrient distribution and phenolic antioxidants in air-classified fractions of beach pea (Lathyrus maritimus L.).

Beach pea (Lathyrus maritimus L.) cotyledons and hulls were air-classified into different fractions. The crude protein content (%N x 6.25) of samples ranged from 32.8 to 35.3% in cotyledons and 14.7 to 16.8% in hulls. Crude fiber content was higher in hulls fraction 1 (37.13%) and fraction 2 (36.85%) than in cotyledons (2.83, 2.99, and 3.08% in fractions 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Condensed tannins of cotyledons ranged from 5.76 to 6.90% and of hulls ranged from 52.49 to 57.24%, expressed as catechin equivalents. Minerals, namely P, K, and Zn, were higher in cotyledons, but Ca and Mn were more prevalent in hulls. Nonprotein nitrogen was concentrated in hulls, whereas phytic acid was more abundant in the cotyledons. The UV absorption pattern showed that flavonoids were present in fractions (I-III) from hulls separated on Sephadex LH-20. Fraction III from hulls had the highest content of total phenolics and condensed tannins, but no condensed tannins were detected in fractions I and II from hulls. The antioxidant activity of fractions separated on Sephadex LH-20 from hulls and crude extracts in a beta-carotene-linoleate model system was in the order of fraction III > crude extract > fraction II > fraction I. Spots on silica gel TLC plates, sprayed with a solution of beta-carotene and linoleic acid, indicated that many of the individual compounds were antioxidative in nature. Further, separation of fraction III from hulls on a semipreparative HPLC showed the presence of (+) catechin and (-) epicatechin as the main low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds present.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2001

Adverse effects of dietary lupine in broiler chickens.

This study describes the adverse effects of dietary lupines in broiler chickens for which lupine seeds (Lupinus angustifolius) in raw, dehulled, or autoclaved forms were used as a replacement for soybean meal (SBM) in practical diets. Test diets contained 35% SBM (control) or raw (40%), autoclaved (40%), or dehulled (35%) lupine seed meal. All diets were isocaloric (3,230 kcal/kg AME) and isonitrogenous (23% crude protein). Each diet was offered ad libitum to a group of 16 (four replicates with four birds per replicate) day-old male broiler chicks for 21 d. Chemical analysis of lupine seeds showed no detectable levels of mycotoxins, and total alkaloid contents were below 0.01%. Decreased food intake and growth rate were the main signs observed in all birds fed lupine-based diets. These adverse effects were observed during the first week and persisted throughout the trial. Acute signs of toxicity were observed in four chicks fed the diet containing raw lupine seed during the first week of exposure. Initial clinical signs included leg weakness, lack of coordination, and torticollis. In later stages, during Weeks 2 and 3, some birds fed lupine-based diets showed signs of muscle paralysis and skeletal deformity. Postmortem examination did not show gross pathological changes associated with the dietary treatments. Liver microsomal cytochrome P-50 content was higher (P < 0.05) in birds fed the raw lupine-based diet (mean 0.56 pmol/mg protein) in comparison with controls (mean 0.25 pmol/mg protein), which indicated a systemic effect. Based on the present results, it can be stated that high levels of some varieties of sweet lupines in broiler diets may cause significant adverse effects manifested as 1) decreased feed intake and growth rate in most of the birds, and 2) specific signs of acute and chronic toxicity in some individuals.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2000

Insoluble condensed tannins of canola/rapeseed.

The contents of soluble, SDS-extractable, and insoluble condensed tannins were determined in canola/rapeseed hulls from several varieties by utilizing the proanthocyanidin assay. The total amount of tannins in rapeseed/canola hulls ranged from 1913 to 6213 mg per 100 g of oil-free hulls. Insoluble tannins predominated in canola/rapeseed hulls and comprised from 70 to 95.8% of total tannins present. The amounts of SDS-extractable tannins were comparable to those of soluble tannins but constituted only 4.7-14. 1% of insoluble tannins present.

Anthocyanins↗
PubMed2000

Antioxidant activity of various fractions of non-tannin phenolics of canola hulls.

Cyclone canola hulls were extracted with 70% (v/v) acetone. The dried crude extract was dissolved in ethanol and fractionated on a Sephadex LH-20 column using 95% (v/v) ethanol as the mobile phase. Five major fractions were isolated according to the UV absorption. All fractions exhibited marked antioxidant activity in a beta-carotene-linoleate model system. Fractions I and II showed the best preventive effect against the bleaching of beta-carotene. The scavenging effect of fractions I, III, and V, at 1 mg, on alpha, alpha-diphenyl-beta-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical was 67.4%, 80.7%, and 63.3%, respectively. Fractions II and IV showed weak DPPH scavenging effects. The reducing power of phenolics present in fractions IV and V was greater than that of fractions I-III, and the observed data correlated well (r(2) = 0.937; P = 0.007) with the total content of phenolics present in each fraction.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of solubility of pea protein hydrolysate by three analytical methods.

Pea protein hydrolysate was obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis with trypsin. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) was controlled by using the pH-stat method. Solubility of the trypsin-treated hydrolysate was tested at nine different pH values starting from 2 up to 10. Protein determinations were carried out using Kjeldahl, Lowry and modified Lowry methods. The results revealed that samples analysed with either the Kjeldahl or Lowry method gave similar values. However, systematic consistent differences existed for those results obtained by the Kjeldahl and the modified Lowry as well as between those results obtained by the Lowry and the modified Lowry.

Food Analysis↗
PubMed1999

[Nutritional importance of oligosaccharides].

Oligosaccharides are widely distributed in higher plants, especially leguminous seeds. This review described the structure of galactooligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides and raffinose-type oligosacchariddes. Flatulance--causes, relation to diet and composition of intenstinal gas are discussed. Emphasis is placed upon the fact that ingestion of oligosaccharides increases the bifidobacteria population in the colon, which in turn contributes to human health in many ways.

Fabaceae↗
PubMed1997

Chemical composition and content of antinutritional factors in Polish cultivars of peas.

The seeds of 15 Polish pea varieties contained from 221 to 281 g/kg crude protein with a mean of 240.2 +/- 3.5 g/kg dry matter (DM). The weight of 1000 pea seeds, depending on cultivar, ranged from 209.4 to 280.4 g. No interactive effect between the seed mass and the crude protein content was detected. The highest significant negative correlation between weight of seeds and dietary fiber content was r = -0.815XX. The content of dietary fiber ranged from 161.5 to 209.9 g/kg with a mean of 187.9 +/- 3.8 g/kg. The mean gross energy of seeds was 18.1 +/- 0.28 MJ/kg. Amino acid composition of all the cultivars was similar, which was indicated by a similar index of essential amino acids (EAAI) of about 69.7 +/- 0.25. Trypsin inhibitor content in seeds was from 2.83 to 7.32 TIU/mg and the content of phytates ranged from 6.32 to 13.36 mg/g DM. The mean content of polyphenols and flavanols in analysed pea cultivars was 0.92 and 0.46 mg/g, respectively. In the seeds of most cultivars little or no pyrimidine glucosides, i.e. vicine and convicine, were found. The overall mean oligosaccharide content was 64.3 +/- 1.8 g/kg, of which alpha-galactosides were 46.8 +/- 2.0 g/kg. The antinutritional factor content was not significantly correlated with protein content. No statistical relationship was found between crude protein and dietary fiber content. It was observed that pea cultivars with higher trypsin inhibitor activity contained significantly less flavanols (r = -0.607X) and alpha-galactosides (r = -0.617X). The varieties with higher seed content of dietary fiber contained the highest amount of alpha-galactosides (r = 0.514X).

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1994

Hypocholesterolemic effects of saponins.

On the basis of the literature the results of experimental investigations on hypocholesterolemic action of saponins are demonstrated. Also the theories explaining the mechanism of this action are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Extrusion influence on the nutritive value of casein preparations.

Effect of extrusion (120 C; 8-12 s; extruder S 45-12-10 U) on amino acids and nutritive value of casein preparations in the form of calcium and low-calcium paracaseinates and in acidic form was studied. The following indices were found to decrease slightly: chemical score (CS) from the range 57.4-58.8 to 57.2-58.1; essential amino acids (EAA) from 86.1-88.3 to 84.9-88.1; NPU from 61.4-67.6 to 60.2-66.6; PER from 2.40-2.47 to 2.38-2.45; apparent digestibility (AD) from 84.9-87.2 to 84.8-87.2; true digestibility (TD) from 90.7-95.3 to 90.4-92.8 and biological value (BV) from 66.6-71.0 to 65.8-69.6. These results prove that the extrusion at 120 C does not result in a significant lowering of the protein quality in the casein preparations.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1993

[Dietary fiber in flour and concentration of rapeseed protein].

Crude fibre content of rapeseed meal and protein concentrate, obtained from raw and steamed rapeseed, was determined. Moreover, in the protein concentrate and in crude fibre the levels of calcium and magnesium were measured. The protein concentrate contained more crude fibre than the meal. Polysaccharides accounted in crude fibre from meal for more than 80% of its total composition, and in crude fibre from the protein concentrate for only ca. 70%. Steaming of rapeseed led to an increase in calcium and magnesium contents of crude fibre from meal and decrease in the protein concentrate.

Brassica↗
PubMed1993

[Residues of chlorinated hydrocarbons in livers of newborns, infants and children].

In the liver of 4 newborns, 2 infants and 2 children the levels of residues of chlorinated hydrocarbons were determined. The highest levels of sigma HCH (817 mcg/kg of fat, 17.1 mcg/kg of tissue) were found in a 2-day-old newborn, the lowest ones (43 mcg/kg of fat, 1.8 mcg/kg of tissue) were in an infant aged 12 months. The content of sigma DDT was highest (3044 mcg/kg of fat, 93.8 mcg/kg of tissue) in the liver of an infant aged 13 days, the lowest values (322 mcg/kg of fat, 5.6 mcg/kg of tissue) in the liver of a child aged 12 years. The results are comparable to those obtained in this country in the liver of adults and in human placenta.

Child↗
PubMed1991

[Lead contents in liver and kidney of inhabitants of the city of Białystok and vicinity].

The material comprised liver and kidney samples collected from inhabitants of the city of Białystok and of its vicinity during anatomopathological examination at the Department of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Academy in Białystok. In age groups: 2 days-8 years, 29-65 years, 66-84 years, the mean liver lead content was 0.220, 0.211 and 0.233 mg/kg, respectively. The mean kidney lead content amounted to 0.272, 0.038 and 0.125 mg/kg, respectively. When compared with the literature data for subjects not exposed to lead, the present results have to be regarded as low. The newborn displayed a higher kidney lead level than adults. In contrast to adults, in the newborn the content of lead in the kidney exceeded that in the liver. Adults showing a higher lead level in the liver than in the kidney exhibited a correlation between Pb level in the liver and kidney (r = 0.671).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Rapid method for isolating polychlorinated diphenyls from fat].

Clophen A-60 was isolated from trioleate by a modification of the method of Veierov and Aharonson. In comparison with the original method the change included the replacement of the glass set for separation of the organic phase with Hehner's cylinder, and in place of petrol ether n-hexane was used. The reproducibility of the method at two levels of fortification was high--the variability index at ICB level 0.200 mg/kg was 4.5% and at ICB level 1000 mg/kg was 6.8%. The calculated relative percent error was at the lower fortification was 3.6% on average, and 7.8% at the higher fortification. In view of the short time necessary for the test, low cost, very good degree of purification, high precision and accuracy this method may be used for separation of polychlorinated diphenyls from fats.

Fats↗