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Biomedical subjects

R Andersen

Publications and source records attributed to R Andersen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Prenatal effects of maternal-fetal HLA compatibility.

Both retrospective studies of idiopathic aborters, as well as prospective studies of normal couples, have shown reduced fertility among couples sharing HLA antigens. However, the effects of maternal-fetal histocompatibility on surviving embryos are largely univestigated. We thus prospectively studied 53 healthy, fertile women whose timed pregnancies were verified within 21 days of conception. Maternal-fetal histocompatibility status was determined for HLA-A,-B, and -DR locus antigens. Fetal growth rates were monitored by ultrasound at 8, 12, and 20 weeks gestation. Neonates were weighed, measured (birthlength, chest circumference, head circumference), and examined within 72 h of delivery (116 major and minor anomalies) in standardized fashion by one of two geneticists. Although no significant differences were found between infants compatible and incompatible at the HLA-A or HLA-B locus, significant differences were observed between HLA-DR compatible and incompatible infants for sex ratios (p less than .003) and minor anomaly rates (p less than .05). Although differences in mean birthweights between HLA-DR compatible and incompatible infants were not significant in this sample, HLA-DR compatible infants were on average 200 grams smaller than HLA-DR incompatible infants. We interpret these findings as evidence for selection against histocompatible fetuses throughout gestation, particularly with respect to HLA-DR compatibility. Potential immunologic and genetic mechanisms are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Establishment and characterization of a neuroendocrine skin carcinoma cell line.

A neuroendocrine skin carcinoma cell line MKL-1 has been established from a nodal metastasis in a 26-year-old patient. The line grows as irregularly outlined, loosely packed floating aggregates lacking central necrosis. MKL-1 is hyperdiploid and has a mean doubling time of 120 hours. Xenografts of 2 X 10(7) MKL-1 cells produce tumors in nude mice at 4 to 6 weeks after subcutaneous inoculation. The xenografts were morphologically indistinguishable from the original skin primary and the nodal metastasis. Electron microscopy revealed sparse membrane-bound neurosecretory granules, and conspicuous, paranuclear aggregates of intermediate filaments. Immunohistochemical study showed diffuse and consistent staining with neuron-specific enolase, while bombesin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, Leu-enkephalin, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide displayed heterogeneous and variable expression. Uniform staining of all cells appearing as cytoplasmic fibrils and paranuclear aggregates was noted with antibodies to cytokeratin. Appreciable amounts of cytokeratin polypeptides 8, 18, and 19 and IT protein were seen on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of cytoskeletal preparations from MKL-1 cells and from tumor-rich frozen sections. Immunostaining also showed coexpression of neurofilaments arranged in paranuclear aggregates; gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting demonstrated the presence in MKL-1 cells of prominent amounts of the small neurofilament polypeptide. Focal expression of desmoplakin was noted in the xenografts. The cells reacted with monoclonal antibodies anti-Leu-7 and anti-Leu-M1 but did not react with antibodies to human lymphocyte antigens (HLA)-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C. Cytogenetic analysis revealed the presence of 3 chromosomally abnormal cell lines with the majority of metaphase cells demonstrating a gain of an isochromosome of the short arm of chromosome 5. Thus, MKL-1 cell line shares several characteristics with small cell neuroendocrine bronchopulmonary carcinoma cell lines but shows distinct cytogenetic abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Postoperative pain relief with high-dose epidural buprenorphine: a double-blind study.

Forty-five patients scheduled for major abdominal or intrathoracic surgery were assigned at random to two different groups. One group received 0.3 mg and the other 0.9 mg of buprenorphine epidurally to abolish postoperative pain. The first dose was given immediately upon arrival in the ICU, irrespective of pain. Subsequent medication was given on demand. The duration of action and side-effects were recorded. Both doses produced excellent and long-lasting pain relief, but no statistically significant difference was found between the groups, with regard to either the duration of action or the occurrence of side-effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Adverse reactions associated with pentamidine isethionate in AIDS patients: recommendations for monitoring therapy.

Since pentamidine has become commercially available, there is renewed interest in using it as the initial treatment for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in AIDS patients. We reviewed the use of pentamidine in 24 patients with PCP to gain information on the prevalence and severity of adverse effects from this drug. Twenty out of twenty-four patients (83 percent) experienced some kind of adverse effect. Hepatic abnormalities (58 percent), nausea and vomiting (46 percent), hypoglycemia (33 percent), azotemia (25 percent), and pain at the injection site (25 percent) were the most frequently seen effects. We recommend monitoring guidelines to be applied during pentamidine therapy based on the observed frequency of specific side effects.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Transition metal-binding proteins from three Chesapeake Bay fish species.

Three species of Chesapeake Bay fish were collected, and endogenous levels of metal binding protein (MBP) were determined. In addition, the induction of metal-binding proteins by cadmium was studied. Livers from freshly caught fish were extracted and chromatographed on Sephadex G-75 to resolve MBP in the 5 to 20 kdalton range. All species studied exhibit measurable but varied levels of endogenous MBPs in the molecular weight range investigated, mostly as a copper protein complex. Upon induction with cadmium, the total MBP content increased in both catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and striped bass (Morone saxatilis), with significant amounts of cadmium bound to the protein. In white perch (Morone americana), induction of MBPs with cadmium could not be demonstrated due to the large amount of constitutive Cu-BP present, although significant quantities of cadmium were bound to MBP. Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel was used to further identify these MBPs. Electrochemical analysis of the MBPs by polarography indicated that the wave properties of the fish MBPs resemble that of rat metallothionein. In conclusion, these studies indicate that: MBPs are present in estuarine fish from the Chesapeake Bay; concentrations of MBPs and their inducibility by exogenous cadmium vary with species, and fish MBPs may be related to mammalian metallothionein.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Adult respiratory distress syndrome precipitated by massive salicylate poisoning.

Pulmonary oedema has been reported in severe cases of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) poisoning. Liberal use of intravenous fluids, to establish a forced diuresis, is usually thought to be the precipitating cause. A case of severe ASA poisoning and respiratory failure was found to have increased pulmonary vascular resistance and signs of intravascular hypercoagulability. The patient recovered rapidly on mechanical ventilation with a positive endexpiratory pressure of 18 cm H2O and systemic steroids.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1978

Access to medical care in the U.S.: realized and potential.

This paper seeks to provide a framework for understanding differential access to medical care in the U.S. population and to suggest ways to achieve equity of access. The framework is provided by a behavioral model of health services utilization which suggests a sequence of predisposing, enabling and illness variables that determine the number of times people will visit a physician. The model is operationalized using a path analytic technique. The data come from a national survey of the noninstitutionalized U.S. population conducted in late 1975 and early 1976. The results suggest services are generally equitably distributed since age and level of illness are the main determinants of the number of services people receive. However, remaining inequities might be reduced by providing people who report no regular source of medical care with a familiar entry into the health service system.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1978

Health status indices and access to medical care.

This paper examines the uses of some health status indices in measuring equity of access to medical care. Empirical examples are provided using data from national surveys of the U.S. population conducted from 1964 through 1976. A simple indicator, mean number of physician visits, suggests that between 1963 and 1976 the poor improved their position relative to the rest of the population and, indeed, currently enjoy the highest level of access. However, a second measure, the use-disability ratio indicates that the poor may still receive less care relative to their need. A third measure, the symptoms-response ratio suggests how norms of appropriate behavior might be incorporated into an access measure.

Disability Evaluation↗