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Biomedical subjects

R Andersen

Publications and source records attributed to R Andersen.

134 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro toxicity of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) in different testicular cell types from rats.

1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)-induced toxicity was studied in rat germ cells from different stages of spermatogenesis, separated by centrifugal elutriation, and in Sertoli cells prepared from sexually mature and immature animals. The in vitro metabolic activation of 50 to 250 microM DBCP, measured as covalent binding of 14C-DBCP to macromolecules, was highest in round spermatids, lowest in Sertoli cells and elongating/elongated spermatids, and intermediate in spermatocytes. High concentrations of DBCP (> or = 250 microM) caused a decrease in oxygen consumption and mitochondrial rhodamine 123 uptake, indicating an effect on mitochondrial function. Altered Sertoli cell function, measured as detachment of germ cells in Sertoli-germ cell cocultures, was evident at DBCP concentrations > or = 300 microM. DBCP-induced DNA damage occurred at much lower concentrations (10 to 30 microM) when compared to effects on mitochondrial function and Sertoli cell function. The extent of single strand DNA breaks and alkali-labile sites (ssDNA breaks) measured by the alkaline filter elution technique and the single cell gel electrophoresis assay, were greatest in the round spermatids > spermatocytes = Sertoli cells > elongating/elongated spermatids. The study demonstrates that various testicular cell types show differences in their rates of activation of DBCP to metabolites that bind to macromolecules. DNA is a more sensitive intracellular target in DBCP-induced testicular toxicity than mitochondria. Round spermatids appear to be more susceptible to DBCP-induced ssDNA breaks than spermatocytes, elongating/elongated spermatids, or Sertoli cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

How women label and respond to symptoms of acute myocardial infarction: responses to hypothetical symptom scenarios.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate how women label and intend to respond to common and less common symptoms of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). DESIGN: Telephone interviews were conducted with 862 women older than age 50 years in the state of Washington. OUTCOME MEASURES: Intended coping strategies, labeling of hypothetical symptoms, perceived risk of AMI, knowledge of AMI symptoms, medical and family history of AMI and demographics. RESULTS: Women who labeled common or less common symptoms as a heart attack (65% and 36%, respectively) were more likely to report they would call 911 or go to a hospital right away than women who labeled these symptoms as something else. The results of a multiple logistic regression analysis suggests that knowledge of less common AMI symptoms, AMI information seeking, and personal risk perceptions were significant predictors of labeling less common symptoms as a heart attack. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that many women might be in danger of mislabeling their symptoms and not taking appropriate action. Women need to be educated about the less common symptoms of AMI and need to be encouraged to seek out information regarding AMI.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging of hemorrhagic adnexal masses.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, performed on 31 women with 40 surgically proven adnexal masses, was reviewed to determine whether MR can distinguish hemorrhagic from nonhemorrhagic masses. Fourteen masses proved to be hemorrhagic at surgery including functional ovarian cysts (seven cases), cystadenoma (one case), endometriomas (three cases), hematosalpinx (one case), ectopic pregnancy (one case), and parametrial extension from cervical carcinoma (one case). A high signal intensity (compared with adjacent pelvic fat) on a T1-weighted spin echo sequence was found to be a reliable indicator of hemorrhage and was demonstrated in all 14 hemorrhagic masses. The "hematocrit" effect was seen as an area of high signal intensity layering in the dependent portion of six hemorrhagic cysts. Only four of 26 nonhemorrhagic masses demonstrated high signal intensity on T1-weighted sequences and, of these, three proved to be fat-containing dermoid cysts and one was a simple cyst with adherent mesenteric fat. We conclude that high signal intensity on a T1-weighted spin echo pulse sequence is evidence for a hemorrhagic mass and that a hematocrit effect appears to be a specific sign for a hemorrhagic cyst. The clinical significance of hemorrhagic adnexal masses is discussed.

Adnexal Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dacryocystorhinostomy.

The extranasal method of dacryocystorhinostomy, which totally incorporates the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity, is described, and the primary and late results of this method are presented in 57 patients with chronic epiphora caused by stenosis of the nasolacrimal duct. Immediately after the operation, the results were satisfactory in all patients. At late follow-up, with a median observation period of 5 years, 80% of the patients were completely free of epiphora and 15% had periodic epiphora, which was a considerable improvement over the preoperative condition. The described method could become a rhinologic routine procedure in patients with chronic epiphora.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Social surveys and health policy implications for national health insurance.

The authors explore the utility of applying social survey data (a) to evaluate the impact of existing health programs and (b) to rank-order priorities concerning future health care policies. Based on national survey data from 1963, 1970, and 1976, they concluded that although Medicare and Medicaid have enabled more people to see a physician than ever before, a large proportion of the population still registers dissatisfaction with the health care they received--particularly with respect to their out-of-pocket costs for obtaining it. However, national health insurance options favored by the majority of the population--particularly those who can best afford the cost of care--suggest preferences for programs that incorporate some mix of existing modes of financing rather than those that provide for substantial restructuring of the current system.

Attitude to Health↗