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Biomedical subjects

R Ankathil

Publications and source records attributed to R Ankathil.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Circulating immune complexes in diabetic patients with periodontitis.

Circulating immune complexes were estimated in the sera of 50 patients with Type II or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and 50 nondiabetic patients with periodontitis. The values were compared with that of 50 age- and sex-matched controls. There was a significant rise in circulating immune complexes (CIC) in both the groups of patients compared to controls. The levels of CIC were significantly higher in diabetic patients with periodontitis compared to nondiabetics. The study shows that the circulating immune complexes may have a role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease in diabetic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Circulating immune complexes as an immunological marker in premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity.

Circulating immune complexes and their immunoglobulin contents were estimated in the sera of 50 patients with oral leukoplakia, 50 patients with oral submucous fibrosis and 50 oral cancer patients. The values were compared with that of 50 normal controls. The circulating immune complexes and their immunoglobulin contents were found to be elevated significantly both in oral submucous fibrosis and oral cancer. This study seems to be of help in monitoring the malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis to oral cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Total hemolytic complement (CH50) and its fractions (C3 and C4) in the sera of patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity, uterine cervix, and breast.

The total hemolytic complement activity of CH50 and its fractions C3 and C4 was determined in the sera of 196 patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity, 172 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix, and 166 patients with breast cancer. The values were compared with those of 18 patients with mammary dysplasia, 32 patients with mild to moderate dysplasia of the cervix, and 100 healthy, normal age- and sex-matched controls. No alterations in CH50, C3, and C4 were observed in the sera of patients with benign lesions, whereas a significant rise in the three factors was observed in all the cancer patients studied. The complement activity increased significantly with the progression of the disease up to stage III and remained persistently elevated thereafter. Patients who had a clinical cure had normal levels of CH50, C3, and C4, whereas the values remained elevated in patients who were still undergoing treatment for residual lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Demonstration of HSV-I antigen in patients with oral cancer by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques.

Biopsies from one hundred and seventy five patients suffering from carcinoma of the oral cavity were examined for the presence of Herpes simplex virus Type 1 (HSV-1) antigen, using Immunofluorescence (Direct and indirect) and immunoperoxidase techniques. Seventy-seven percent of the biopsies showed significant fluorescence, while 71% showed positivity with immunoperoxidase staining. There was no correlation either in the degree of fluorescence or in the intensity of peroxidase staining with clinical stage of the disease. Normal oral biopsies showed 30% and 20% positivity in immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase respectively. In the case of oral cancer cells, the fluorescence was very much diminished when HSV-1 antiserum was absorbed with specific homologous virus-infected Vero cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Tissue binding patterns of lectins in premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity.

Lectins from the seeds of Jackfruit (Artocarpus integrifolia) and winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) were isolated using an immobilized N-acetyl D-galactosamine column and conjugated to type VI horse radish peroxidase. The purified conjugate was used for the study of tissue specificities using diaminobenzidine as the substrate on dewaxed tissue sections of normal, oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, verucous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. In spite of having a common inhibitory sugar, winged bean lectin did not bind to any lectins whereas Jackfruit lectin showed varying degrees of binding towards the above tissues. The difference in the nature and intensity of binding of the Jackfruit lectin suggest the utilizing this lectin in the differential diagnosis of the premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity.

Carcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1986

Cell mediated and humoral immune responses in oral submucous fibrosis.

Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were assessed in 50 patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and the results were compared with those of 50 patients with oral-leukoplakia, 50 oral cancer patients, and 50 normal healthy adult controls. The number of high-affinity rosette-forming cells (HARFC) was found to be significantly decreased in OSMF and oral cancer, whereas the number of total rosette-forming cells (TRFC) remained unaltered. Levels of serum IgA, IgD, and IgE were found to be elevated both in OSMF and oral cancer. Immunologic derangements were found to be more pronounced in oral cancer than in OSMF. The enumeration of HARFC along with the estimation of serum levels of IgA, IgD, and IgE indicates that OSMF can be an intermediary stage in the malignant transformation of a normal cell, and that these parameters may serve as markers for the early detection of oral cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Serum immunoglobulins in patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity, uterine cervix and breast.

Serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE) were estimated in 196 patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity, 172 patients with cervical cancer and 166 patients with breast cancer. The values were compared with those of 50 patients with benign lesions of the breast and cervix and 100 healthy adult controls. Only the serum IgE levels were found to be elevated in the benign group. Serum IgA, IgD and IgE levels were found to be elevated in all the three types of cancers and the levels were found to increase with clinical stage. In carcinoma of uterine cervix IgG levels were also found to be elevated. Immunoglobulins A and D returned to normal after clinical cure whereas IgE remained slightly elevated. IgD and IgE remained high in patients who had residual cancer.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sister chromatid exchange frequencies in carcinoma of the human oral cavity: effect of treatment.

Spontaneous and mitomycin-C-induced sister chromatid exchange frequencies were studied in the lymphocytes of 25 oral cancer patients. For these patients, the mean spontaneous SCE value was 8.31 (+/- SD), which was significantly higher than the value of 6.60 (+/- SD) obtained for the controls (p < 0.001). But there was no significant difference between the Mitomycin C induced mean SCE values of oral cancer patients and controls. Seven of these 25 oral cancer patients were selected for second sampling after surgical removal of the tumor. Six of these seven patients showed a decrease in mean SCE/cell value following surgery, which was almost equal to the SCE values obtained for the controls. This indicates that the increased spontaneous SCE rates in oral cancer patients might be due to the metabolic stress imposed by the tumor on the host body or by some clastogenic product of the malignant cells. Surgical removal of the tumour might have resulted in normalization of the lymphocytic SCE rates in postoperatively studied patients.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prognostic significance of karyotype analysis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Chromosome studies, using bone marrow samples of 26 pretreated children (below 15 years of age) with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia were carried out to explore the potentialities of applying chromosomal findings as a prognostic indicator in these patients. Abnormal karyotype was identified in 15 patients (57.6 per cent). The chromosomes frequently involved in non-random numerical abnormalities were Nos. 8, 18 and 21. Structural chromosome changes observed consisted of deletion 6q- and translocation t (4;11). After karyotype analysis, patients were grouped into subsets on the basis of the karyotype pattern observed. They were followed up to evaluate their prognosis and survival period. Patients showing hyperdiploid clone with greater than 51 chromosomes had the best prognosis. Patients with normal karyotype and patients with deletion of the long arm of chromosome 6 showed intermediate prognosis whereas patients showing t (4;11), trisomy 8, trisomy 18, trisomy 21, and hypodiploid karyotype were associated with worst prognosis. Thus, karyotype analysis before treatment helps to classify ALL patients as poor, intermediate and good prognosis groups and on this basis therapy can be designed accordingly.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Malignancies in Down syndrome.

Down Syndrome (DS) is associated with an increased incidence of malignancies, especially leukaemias. We came across 8 DS children presenting with malignancies and having trisomy 21 as the sole cytogenetic abnormality. Of these 8 DS cases, 4 presented with acute lymphocytic leukaemia, 2 with acute myeloid leukaemia and one case each with Hodgkin's disease and Wilms' tumour. There are contradictory reports regarding the distribution of myeloid versus lymphoid malignancies in DS children and their response to therapy. The exact mechanism by which patients with DS are predisposed to develop malignancies is unclear. However, presence of the extra chromosome no. 21 is presumed to disrupt the genetic balance which increases generalized susceptibility to genetic and environmental trauma. Furthermore, an increased methotrexate toxicity observed in these patients should also be taken into consideration in designing treatment for DS children with malignancies.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Molecular pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukaemia.

Chronic myelogenous leukaemia is a clonal neoplasm of the pluripotent haematopoietic stem cell which is characterized in most patients by a consistent cytogenetic abnormality known as the Philadelphia chromosome. This chromosome occurs as a consequence of a reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22 which results in the creation of a new gene comprising sequences from the c-abl gene on chromosome 9 and the bcr gene on chromosome 22. The protein encoded by this structurally altered hybrid gene differs from the normal c-abl gene product in both molecular weight and in tyrosine kinase activity. It is likely that these alterations in the c-abl gene product play a central role in the pathogenesis of this leukaemia.

Genes, abl↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Molecular cytogenetics of human cancer.

Cancer may arise from the genetic transformation of a single precursor cell, which proliferates to form a clone. Chromosomal abnormalities are associated with many types of tumours. Some of the chromosomal rearrangements such as translocation, deletion and insertion involve breakage of chromosomes close to known oncogenes. The close linkage between the chromosomal changes, the gene modifications and consequently altered protein function seen in malignant cells suggest that cancer is a genetic disease. Analysis of chromosomal abnormalities and oncogene amplifications in malignant cells have been found to be related to their malignant potential and hence may be utilized in the clinical management of patients with cancer.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Jack fruit lectin binding pattern in benign and malignant lesions of the breast.

N-acetyl D-galactosamine specific lectin was isolated from Jack fruit (Artocarpus integrifolia) and conjugated to horse radish peroxidase type VI. The purified conjugate was used for the study of tissue binding properties on benign and malignant lesions of the breast using diaminobenzidine as substrate on dewaxed tissue sections. Forty mammary carcinomas, 10 cystic hyperplasias of the breast and 10 normal breast tissues were used for the study. Neoplastic cells showed increased affinity to the lectin. The lectin binding was focally strong in neoplastic cells compared to the normal as well as the hyperplastic tissues. The stroma of the cancer tissues showed an intense strong binding where elastosis was present. The use of the lectin as a histochemical reagent is discussed.

Acetylgalactosamine↗