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Biomedical subjects

R Arora

Publications and source records attributed to R Arora.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

In vivo effects of nonionic and ionic contrast media on beta-thromboglobulin and fibrinopeptide levels.

Nonionic contrast media are suggested to cause increased thromboembolism (in vivo), platelet aggregation and procoagulant effect (in vitro) as compared with ionic contrast media. To study these effects in vivo, 30 consecutive patients undergoing routine angiography were prospectively randomized to three groups of 10 patients each. Group A received diatrizoate (ionic, high osmolality), Group B ioxaglate (ionic, low osmolality) and Group C iohexol (nonionic, low osmolality). In vivo platelet alpha-granule release and fibrin-1 formation were measured by radioimmunoassay of beta-thromboglobulin and fibrinopeptide A in peripheral venous samples. Levels were estimated at three stages during the procedure: before and after left ventriculography and after coronary angiography. No differences were noted (p = NS) when the ratios of beta-thromboglobulin and fibrinopeptide A were compared among the three groups. These data suggest that the newer nonionic contrast media do not demonstrate enhanced systemic platelet activation or fibrin formation as compared with standard ionic contrast media. However, larger randomized clinical studies are necessary to conclusively establish the suggested thromboembolic potential of nonionic contrast media.

Angiography↗
PubMed1991

Peribulbar anesthesia and optic nerve conduction.

Serial recordings of distance visual acuity and visually evoked potentials (VEPs) after peribulbar anesthesia in three patients are reported. Visual acuity was not markedly affected but the latency and amplitude of VEPs were. This study concludes that optic nerve conduction is not significantly affected by peribulbar anesthesia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Nyctalopia.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Left ventricular mass in normal adult Indians & its correlation with anthropometric parameters.

Important differences were found to exist between male and non-pregnant female Indian adults in the echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass (170.58 +/- 51.91 g vs 131.14 +/- 42.84 g, P less than 0.001) and relationship of left ventricular mass (LVM) to age, body weight, height, body surface area (BSA) and body mass index (BMI). In males, LVM has a fair to good correlation with age, body weight, height, BSA and BMI (P less than 0.001). However, in female subjects, LVM correlates modestly with age, weight, BSA, BMI (P less than 0.01) but not with height. LVM can be best expressed by indexing to body weight in both sexes, but differences persist when other anthropometric parameters are used as denominators.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Pediatric hypertension: clinical profile and etiology.

Thirty six symptomatic hospitalized hypertensive children were evaluated for clinical profile and etiology. They were divided into two groups of 23 and 13 patients, respectively of chronic persistent hypertension and acute transient hypertension. Headache, failure to thrive, dyspnea and edema were common clinical features. Renal parenchymal pathology was the commonest etiology in both groups with a tubulo-interstitial pathology being more common amongst chronic hypertensives and acute glomerulonephritis in acute transient hypertensives. Essential hypertension was uncommon, found in only two patients with chronic hypertension reflecting probably an asymptomatic status of most patients with essential hypertension.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Side chain conjugation prevents bacterial 7-dehydroxylation of bile acids.

The effect of side chain conjugation on 7-dehydroxylation of bile acids has been investigated. C24-bile acids and their glycine and taurine conjugates and keto bile acids were incubated with pure strains of Eubacterium sp. VPI 12708. Bile acids of the 5 alpha- or 5 beta-series with a free terminal carboxyl group and a 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy system were very effectively 7 alpha-dehydroxylated, whereas 7 beta-hydroxy bile acids resisted 7-dehydroxylation. Oxo bile acids were metabolized at the oxygen function also. Glycine- and taurine-conjugated bile acids were neither deamidated nor 7-dehydroxylated by the bacteria. Thus, side chain conjugation prevents 7-dehydroxylation of bile acids by Eubacterium sp. VPI 12708.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1990

Unusual thrombi in the setting of rheumatic heart disease.

We report two patients with unusual intracavitary thrombi in association with rheumatic mitral stenosis. One patient had a large free-floating left atrial thrombus immediately after successful closed mitral valvotomy causing recurrent acute pulmonary oedema in the post-operative phase. The other patient was detected to have multiple, discrete and calcified left ventricular thrombi in the presence of severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The diagnosis in both cases was made by cross-sectional echocardiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Contribution of atrial contraction to left ventricular filling in patients with sick sinus syndrome on AAI pacing.

Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of the contribution of atrial contraction to left ventricular filling, its determinants and relationship with early diastolic filling was studied in 20 patients with sick sinus syndrome without structural heart disease on AAI pacing over a wide range of physiological atrioventricular delays (PR intervals). The results were compared with 20 normal controls matched for age, sex and heart rate. Left ventricular filling pattern, and the contribution of left atrial contraction to diastolic filling, were similar in the two groups. AAI pacing restores the physiological dynamics of left ventricular filling in patients with sick sinus syndrome without organic heart disease.

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial↗
PubMed1990

Oral metoprolol therapy in dilated cardiomyopathy: hemodynamic evidence for improved diastolic function accompanying amelioration of symptoms.

Twenty patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (11 males and 9 females) aged from 14 to 54 (37.3 +/- 10.5) years were treated orally with metoprolol (dose 37.5 mg-100 mg/day, mean 91 +/- 18.6 mg/day) after a baseline hemodynamic study. On follow-up, all patients showed improvement in symptomatic status by at least one NYHA class within 2 to 4 weeks of the initiation of therapy. Repeat right heart study and left ventricular angiography (venous digital subtraction angiography) afer 3 to 6 months of treatment in 10 patients showed a fall in the mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressure from 24.4 +/- 9.6 to 12.8 +/- 7.7 mm Hg (P = 0.025), right ventricular end-diastolic pressure from 8.8 +/- 4.7 mm Hg to 4.5 +/- 1.9 mm Hg (P = 0.025) and mean pulmonary arterial pressure from 34.2 +/- 12.4 mm Hg to 25.9 +/- 10.9 mm Hg (P less than 0.01). There was no significant change in the left ventricular ejection fraction (18.7 +/- 1.6% vs. 22 +/- 0.48%, P = NS) or cardiac index (2.2 +/- 0.48 l/m/m2 to 2.12 +/- 0.68 l/m/m2, P = NS). These hemodynamic results indicate that the improvement in symptoms and congestive cardiac failure produced by treatment with metoprolol in patients having dilated cardiomyopathy is related to improvement in diastolic function of the myocardium.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Mitral atresia with double outlet right ventricle in an asymptomatic adult.

We report a 20-year-old male patient with mitral atresia, double outlet right ventricle, subaortic ventricular septal defect, valvar pulmonary stenosis and an aneurysm of atrial septum who presented with minimal effort tolerance and cyanosis. The morphological features were confirmed by cross-sectional echocardiography and cine-angiocardiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Preliminary observations on effect of Lactobacillus sporogenes on serum lipid levels in hypercholesterolemic patients.

Short term hypolipidemic effects of oral L. sporogenes therapy (360 million spores/day in tablet form) were studied in 17 patients with type II hyperlipidemia in an open label fixed dose trial. Total serum cholesterol (330 +/- 55 mg/dl vs 226 +/- 46 mg/dl, P less than 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (267 +/- 58 mg/dl vs 173 +/- 54 mg/dl, P less than 0.001) and total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratios (P less than 0.001) were reduced significantly over a period of three months. HDL-cholesterol was marginally increased (43.6 +/- 7 mg/dl vs 46.8 +/- 8.9 mg/dl, P less than 0.05); however there was no change in serum triglyceride levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Temporary conduction block of optic nerve after retrobulbar anesthesia.

Three patients who experienced temporary visual loss after retrobulbar anesthesia with 2% lidocaine (Xylocaine) are described. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) consistently increased in latency and decreased in amplitude. Abnormal VEPs such as these recorded for humans after retrobulbar anesthesia are, to our knowledge, reported here for the first time.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on bile acid metabolism in primary biliary cirrhosis.

We have compared the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid with placebo on the clinical state, blood liver chemistries and serum and urinary bile acids in four patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. All parameters were evaluated monthly, and bile acid composition was measured by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. At the time of admission, all patients showed intense pruritus, and their serum alkaline phosphatase, AST and ALT levels were elevated 4.3, 2.7 and 2.3 times over control values. Serum bile acids were elevated almost 38-fold with 2.5 times more cholic acid than chenodeoxycholic acid. Urinary bile acid output was elevated 28 times the control values, and 36% were 1 beta-hydroxycholic acid, 1 beta-hydroxydeoxycholic acid and hyocholic acid (3 alpha,6 alpha, 7 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acid). Three months of placebo administration did not significantly affect the clinical or biochemical presentations, and the serum and urinary bile acid composition did not change. In contrast, ursodeoxycholic acid feeding (12 to 15 mg per kg per day) for 6 months abolished pruritus in two and lessened itching in two subjects and reduced serum alkaline phosphatase, AST and ALT levels by 21, 35 and 47%, respectively. The mean values for the total serum bile acid concentrations in these patients declined 26% from the pretreatment value, but the proportion of ursodeoxycholic acid increased from 3 to 40% of the total bile acids; thus, total fasting serum endogenous bile acid levels decreased almost 50%. Similar changes were noted in the urinary bile acids, in which ursodeoxycholic acid became the major bile acid, and approximately 18% were hydroxylated at C-1, C-6 and C-21.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty in children and young adults with rheumatic mitral stenosis.

Twenty-eight patients with mitral stenosis, 17 females and 11 males, underwent percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV). The age range was 10 to 30 (mean 17.8 +/- 6.7) years and all were symptomatic (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class III, 12 patients; class IV, 16 patients). BMV was done with a single balloon in 10 patients and double balloon in 16 patients. Following BMV, there was a significant reduction in transmitral end-diastolic pressure gradient from 23.1 +/- 5.8 to 7.6 +/- 4.2 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) and a significant increase in mitral valve area from 1.06 +/- 0.29 to 2.64 +/- 1.35 cm2 (p less than 0.001), along with an increase in cardiac index from 3.40 +/- 1.18 to 4.26 +/- 1.46 L/min/m2 (p less than 0.01). Improvement in symptomatic status by at least one NYHA class was seen in all patients. Mild mitral regurgitation developed in four and moderate mitral regurgitation developed in one patient. Angiographic evidence of atrial septal defect was present in one patient. Follow-up at 8 to 12 weeks in 12 patients has shown sustained hemodynamic improvement. These short-term results indicate that BMV is an effective nonsurgical procedure for the management of patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis.

Adolescent↗