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R B Cattell

Publications and source records attributed to R B Cattell.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Human motivation objectively, experimentally analysed.

The growth of validated objective devices, and of knowledge of ergic and sentiment structure has now, for 20 years, put new instruments (MAT and SMAT) in the hands of psychological practitioners. They have been slow to recognize, however, the theoretical powers in conflict measurement, decision theory, the general dynamic calculus, and structured learning theory which this has brought about. Illustration is given here of the experimental and clinical gains, with a view to the growth of several areas inaccessible to bivariate experiment.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1990

The birth of the Society of Multivariate Experimental Psychology.

This paper describes the inception of a scientific movement (the Society of Multivariate Experimental Psychology); the individuals who begot it; the two journals and numerous scientific articles which resulted; its effects in stimulating new areas of teaching and of theoretical development; and its international reception as well as its successes and failures in stimulating the creation of satellite societies on the same pattern.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1982

Heritabilities of ego strength (factor C), super ego strength (factor G), and self-sentiment (factor Q3) by multiple abstract variance analysis.

Tested over 3,000 boys (identical and fraternal twins, ordinary sibs, general population) aged 12-18 on Ego Strength, Super Ego Strength, and Self Sentiment. The Multiple Abstract Variance Analysis (MAVA) method was used to obtain estimates of abstract (hereditary, environmental) variances and covariances that contribute to total variation in the three traits. Within-family heritabilities for these traits were about .30, .05, and .65. Between-family heritabilities were .60, .08, and .45. Within-family correlations of genetic and environmental deviations were trivial, unusually so among personality variables, but between-family values showed the usual high negative values, consistent with the law of coercion to the biosocial mean.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Diagnosis of clinical depression on four source trait dimensions -U.I. 19, U.I. 20, U.I. 25, and U.I. 30--from the O.A. Kit.

Describe four personality factors with preliminary indications of distinguishing depressed patients from normals, namely those indexed in the O-A Kit as U.I. 19, U.I. 20, U.I. 25 and U.I. 30. Thirty-one clinically depressed Ss--22 inpatients and 9 outpatients--were administered the O-A (Objective-Analytic) battery for these four and the scores compared with those of 30 demographically matched controls. From earlier research and the general psychological theory that concerned these source traits it was hypothesized that depressed Ss would deviate negatively on U.I. 19 and U.I. 25 and positively on U.I. 20 and U.I. 30. A comparison of means that used a one-tailed t-test showed significant differences on two of the factors, U.I. 19 and U.I. 20, at p less than level of significance, and on U.I. 25 and U.I. 30 at p less than .05 significance level. Thus, the clinical sample showed the hypothesized directions of divergence from the control sample on all four of the factors. Later use of a discriminant function on this pattern of deviations shows a high degree of patient-control separation (Price, Cattell, & Patrick, Note 1).

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Unitary personality source traits analyzed for heritability.

1,768 12- to 18-year-old boys, in pairs from five constellations (identical and fraternal twins, brothers, unrelated boys raised together and a random general population sample) were measured by the O-A (performance) personality battery on source traits UI 16, 17 and 19. Corrections were made for ages and test validities in computing observed variances. Nine equations were set up in the multiple abstract variance (MAVA) model giving expectancies from seven unknown abstract variances (genetic, threptic, and genothreptic covariances) with respect to observed variances. Maximum likelihood analysis showed that genetic or threptic contribution alone was unable to fit the data, and the best fit was given by a parsimonious form of MAVA dropping genothreptic correlations. Population heritabilities calculated on this basis were 0.46 for UI 16 (ego assertion), 0.21 for UI 17 (control, upbringing), and 0.50 for UI 19 (independence). When compared with an earlier study by the O-A, but by a different analysis, and with the same data analyzed by tho other methods, a reasonably consistent conclusion emerges that UI 17 is little inherited, while UI 16 and UI 19 are rather strongly inherited. The contribution of the behavior-genetic evidence to the theories about these source traits is discussed. It is concluded that UI 16 is initially in development a temperament factor, probably with physiological associations in metabolic rate, etc.; that UI 19 is a strong and sex-related temperament factor, and that UI 17 is a sentiment pattern of cultured inhibition almost wholly dependent on family and social upbringing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

A check on hypothetical personality structures and their theoretical interpretation at 14-16 years in T-data.

Basing hypotheses on interpretations of 12 personality factors most replicated in 10 past researches with children, this experiment sets up about eight subtests as specific markers for each. Ninety-five tests, taking eight hours in all, were administered to 394 14-16-year olds. A majority of the personality pattern hypotheses were sustained factor analytically by evidence on number of factors, significance of unique simple structure reached, and goodness of identifying match (chi-square test). Concept validities can be obtained for some six of the factors rivalling those for intelligence tests. A brief discussion is given of the bearing of the present results upon theoretical explanations of the given source traits, including extraversion, and it is pointed out that the psychological meaning of most, for personality research, is as important, in variance terms, as for the one or two, such as anxiety and extraversion, which have tended to monopolize discussion.

Adolescent↗