Vision losses prevented by using protective eyewear.
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Eye Foreign Bodies↗
Biomedical subjects
R B Parr
Publications and source records attributed to R B Parr.
Further simplification of a method for determination of residual lung volume.
This paper describes a modification of the standard oxygen-dilution technique for determining residual lung volume, whereby rapid responding oxygen and carbon dioxide analyzers are used to determine the point of nitrogen equilibration, and a five-liter rebreathing bag is substituted for the standard spirometer. This simplified method reduced the total test time to five min or less for duplicate determinations, and eliminated the need for a nitrogen analyzer and a spirometer. This method was found to be both reliable (r = 0.99) and valid (r = 0.92), with a standard error of prediction of 125 ml, and a mean difference of only eight ml, when compared with the established oxygen-dilution technique on a sample of 76 healthy men and women, 19 to 55 years of age. In a subsample of 13 subjects, residual volume was also determined with the nitrogen washout technique, which correlated r = 0.89 and r = 0.91 with the established and modified oxygen-dilution techniques respectively. The use of assumed values for the initial and final alveolar concentrations of nitrogen did not appear to significantly influence the final results.
Adult↗
Energy cost of circuit weight training.
The metabolic cost of circuit weight training was determined in a group of 20 men and 20 women, 17 to 36 years of age, who volunteered to participate in this study. Performing 3 circuits (10 stations/circuit), using a work (30-sec) to rest (15-sec) ratio of 2:1, and a total exercise time of 22.5 min, the energy expenditure was found to be highly related to body weight (r = 0.84 and r = 0.67 for men and women respectively). The average gross energy expenditure was 539.7 and 367.5 kcal/hr. (9.0 and 6.1 kcal/min) for the men and women respectively, but was 7.0 and 6.0 kcal/kg-hr when expressed relative to body weight, and 8.1 and 8.2 kcal/kg(LBW)-min when expressed relative to lean body weight. Thus, when body composition was considered, there were essentially no differences in the energy expenditure for males and females.
Adolescent↗
Physiological alterations consequent to circuit weight training.
The efficacy of a 10-week program of circuit weight training to elicit specific physiological alterations was evaluated in a group of men (n = 16) and a group of women (n = 12), with an additional group of men (n = 10) and a group of women (n = 11) serving as controls. The circuit consisted of 10 stations performed on a Universal Gym, 3 circuits per day (approximately 22.5 min/day), 3 days/week. The subjects exercised at 40-55% of 1-RM, executing as many repetitions as possible in 30 sec on each of the lifts, followed by a 15 sec rest as the subject moved to the next station. Following the training program, the experimental groups demonstrated significant increases in lean body weight, flexed biceps girth, treadmill endurance time, VEmax (women only), Vo2max in ml/kg-min (women only), flexibility and strength. Significant decreases were found in selected skinfold measurements, and in resting heart rate (control group showed similar decreases). No change was found in body weight or in relative or absolute body fat. Generally, the women exhibited equal or greater changes when compared to the men for all variables assessed, which could be a function of their lower initial starting levels, or a more intense training program. It was concluded that circuit weight training is a good general conditioning activity, i.e., attends to more than one component of fitness.
Anthropometry↗