Biomedical subjects

R B Prior

Publications and source records attributed to R B Prior.

58 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Successful treatment with cefaclor of gonococcal urethritis in men.

Cefaclor, a new orally administered cephalosporin, was evaluated by a randomized trial for effectiveness in the treatment of uncomplicated urethritis due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae in men. Regimens included 2,3, and 4 g of cefaclor, with or without 1 g of orally administered probenecid, as single daily doses for three days. The diagnoses were confirmed by isolation of N. gonorrhoeae; cures or therapeutic failures were determined by follow-up cultures on day 7 after completion of therapy. Sixty-six (73%) of 90 treated patients were evaluable for efficacy. The bacteriologic cure rate was 98% (65/66); one patient treated with 2 g of cefaclor plus probenecid had a positive culture for N. gonorrhoeae on follow-up examination. Adverse reactions consisted of mild nausea in five patients (7%) and vomiting in one patient (1%) who received 3- or 4-g doses. No treatment was discontinued, and no abnormality of screening hematologic tests or enzymes was observed. Thus, cefaclor, given in multiple doses, was highly efficacious for treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis in men.

Cefaclor↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Application of the limulus lysate assay in evaluation of disseminated gonorrhea in women.

The limulus lysate assay was utilized as a diagnostic adjunct in the evaluation of three cases of disseminated gonorrhea in women. Although not a specific test for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the limulus lysate assay, when used with properly diluted endocervical samples, gave results that correlated with conventional diagnostic techniques. If the advantages and limitations of the limulus lysate assay become fully appreciated, it may serve as a useful clinical tool for diagnosis of this syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of polysaccharide cell wall antigen of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a rabbit model by counterimmunoelectrophoresis.

A rabbit chamber model was developed and inoculated with 10(9) colony-forming units (cfu) of viable Neisseria gonorrhoeae to determine whether the lipopolysaccharide-derived Gc2 polysaccharide cell wall antigens could be detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). Four hours after inoculation, a polymorphonuclear leukocyte response was noted in the chambers; this response was followed by progressive phagocytosis of the organisms and a fall in number of cfu/ml. All visible bacteria were intracellular, and chamber fluids were sterile 6 hr after inoculation. Use of sero specific antisera permitted detection by CIE of the Gc2 polysaccharide antigen in sera of all rabbits within 48 hr after inoculation of the chambers, whereas blood cultures remained sterile throughout the experiment. At 2-6 hr after inoculation, the Gc2 polysaccharide antigen was also detected as a single precipitin band in the chamber fluid of inoculated rabbits. At 24 hr the precipitin band was not observed; rather, a halo above the antigen well was noted. The halo was found to be a nonspecific complex containing the Gc2 polysaccharide antigen and no antibody. In the rabbit model studied, CIE was sufficiently sensitive to detect concentrations of the Gc2 polysaccharide antigen of greater than or equal to 0.97 microgram/ml in serum and chamber fluid.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Recombinant bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (rBPI21) for treatment of parvovirus enteritis: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

We evaluated the ability of an antimicrobial and endotoxin-neutralizing agent, the recombinant amino terminal fragment of bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (rBPI21), to decrease plasma endotoxin concentration and severity of clinical signs of canine parvovirus and to improve survival. This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial included 40 client-owned dogs and 9 normal puppies from a closed research colony. Dogs weighing >5 kg (11 lb) with fecal antigen-confirmed parvovirus and clinical signs of vomiting and diarrhea were randomly assigned to receive placebo or rBPI21 infusion over 6 hours. Plasma endotoxin concentration was measured at 0, 3, and 6 hours of infusion. Owners chose continued medical care with either the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Internal Medicine Service or a local veterinarian. Telephone follow-up was conducted at 14 days. Surviving dogs were reevaluated at >30 days (recovered group), at which time plasma samples for measurement of endotoxin concentration were obtained. Plasma endotoxin concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with parvovirus than in normal or recovered dogs. Despite 90% survival, the rBPI21 treatment did not have a significant effect on outcome, duration of hospitalization, or plasma endotoxin concentrations. Treatment in a tertiary care hospital, however, significantly improved survival but resulted in a significantly increased duration of hospitalization. Endotoxemia occurs in dogs with parvovirus enteritis, but rBPI21 is not associated with improved survival.

Animals↗