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Biomedical subjects

R B Skinner

Publications and source records attributed to R B Skinner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Emla versus ice as a topical anesthetic.

BACKGROUND: There are many different topical anesthetics available. Ice is an easy to use and inexpensive topical anesthetic. There are studies comparing different topical anesthetics but none have used ice. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy between EMLA (2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine cream) and ice prior to injection with a 30-gauge needle containing a painful stimuli. METHOD: A fingertip amount of EMLA cream was placed on the upper left arm and occluded with a bandage for an average of 52 minutes. Ice in a rubber glove was placed on the right upper arm for 1-2 minutes. The EMLA site, ice site, and a control site without anesthetic were tested for cutaneous analgesia with an injection of 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine through a 30-gauge needle using a 3 cc syringe. Discomfort was recorded using a visual acuity scale (VAS). Analysis of data was performed using a t test paired sample of two means. RESULTS: Statistically there was a significant difference in pain control between EMLA and ice (P <.05), EMLA and control (P <.01), and ice and control (P <.01). Clinically patients felt that EMLA performed slightly better as an analgesic than ice, and both EMLA and ice were more efficacious than the control. CONCLUSION: Both EMLA and ice decreased the discomfort associated with needle injection. Although EMLA performed better in pain control, ice has advantages in ease of use, fast action, and is less expensive than EMLA. Both EMLA and ice were good topical anesthetics, each with advantages and disadvantages in clinical use.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Development of intralesional therapy with fluorouracil/adrenaline injectable gel for management of condylomata acuminata: two phase II clinical studies.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a sustained release chemotherapy for treating condylomata acuminata with an injectable gel containing fluorouracil and adrenaline (5-FU/adrenaline gel). Study 1-- To assess contributions of the components of 5-FU/adrenaline gel to efficacy. Study 2--To assess therapeutic contribution of adrenaline and safety and efficacy of the formulations. DESIGN: Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled studies. SETTING: Private practices and university clinics in the United States. PATIENTS: Men and women with new, recurrent, or refractory external condylomata acuminata. INTERVENTION: Six injections over 8 weeks; follow up visits at weeks 1, 4, 8, and 12. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES EFFICACY: patient/wart response, times to complete response, recurrence rates. SAFETY: injection reactions, tissue conditions, other adverse events, laboratory studies. RESULTS: Study 1: 132 evaluable patients. Complete response (CR) rate was highest for the 5-FU/adrenaline gel group, followed by the 5-FU/adrenaline solution group, then the 5-FU gel group. 5-FU, adrenaline, and the collagen gel vehicle (in the presence of 5-FU) significantly affected CR and strongly influenced time to CR. The effects of 5-FU and adrenaline were statistically significant. Cutaneous reactions were mild to moderate. Study 2: 187 evaluable patients. Patients treated with 5-FU/adrenaline gel had a significantly higher CR rate and lower cumulative 90 day recurrence rate than those treated with 5-FU gel without adrenaline. Treatments were generally well tolerated, with only three treatment related, serious adverse events. CONCLUSION: 5-FU/adrenaline gel is safe and efficacious for treatment of condylomata acuminata, and when compared with individual or various combinations of components, this formulation provided the greatest therapeutic advantage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Antimicrobial treatment of psoriasis.

At the Problem Psoriasis Clinic at the University of Tennessee, Memphis, we use an antimicrobial approach for the treatment of psoriasis. This method is described for patient history, physical examination, and laboratory tests as well as treatment.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1994

Psoriasis is a visible manifestation of the skin's defense against micro-organisms.

The recent discovery that human epidermal cells themselves make and secrete the components necessary for activation of the alternative complement pathway appears to provide an explanation for how human skin is ordinarily able to avoid colonization by molds and other organisms. It also helps clarify the mechanisms underlying clinical and laboratory findings seen in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, dandruff, and psoriasis. Psoriasis seems best explainable as a visible, late stage of the inflammatory sequelae of activation of the alternative complement pathway in the epidermis.

Complement Activation↗
PubMed1994

Microorganisms and psoriasis.

It has been suggested previously that psoriasis is best explained as a distinctive inflammatory response to a variety of microbial stimuli, all acting primarily through activation of the alternative complement pathway. For the past several years we have conducted a "Problem Psoriasis Clinic" based on that premise. Patients are questioned, examined, and subjected to microbiologic laboratory investigations in an attempt to identify possibly relevant microorganisms, and then are treated with antibiotics. This article lists the most commonly found microorganisms in psoriasis patients and describes the usual treatment for each. Results obtained with this approach compare favorably with those achieved with more usual anti-psoriasis treatments. We recommend that a microbiologic investigation and a trial of antimicrobial treatment should precede any plan to treat psoriasis patients with anything more than the simplest topical agents.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1991

Efficacy of bimolane in the Malassezia ovalis model of psoriasis.

Bimolane, an analog of razoxane has been used in China with comparable efficacy but less toxicity than razoxane in the treatment of psoriasis. In an attempt to characterize further its mode of action it was administered both systemically and topically in the Malassezia ovalis animal model of psoriasis. Intravenous methotrexate and topical 0.1% betamethasone valerate were also used as positive control treatments. The animal model of psoriasis was effectively treated by bimolane, both systemically and topically, and also by parenteral methotrexate and topical betamethasone valerate. The time course of bimolane's effect with this model was different from methotrexate's suggesting the possibility of a different mode of action. Because bimolane, like razoxane, is an ethylene diamino tetraacetate acid (EDTA) derivative, it is possible that its effects on this reaction relate to its chelating properties and that inhibition of complement activation is important to its mode of action.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1991

AIDS and psoriasis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Sensory and semantic factors in recognition memory for odors and graphic stimuli: elderly versus young persons.

In four experiments, young (18-26 years, M = 21) and elderly (over 65 years, M = 72) people were compared for recognition memory of (a) graphic stimuli (faces of presidents and vice presidents, engineering symbols, and free forms) and (b) everyday odors. On graphic stimuli, the elderly consistently matched the young, but on odors the performance of the elderly was worse. Their poorer olfactory performance was observed after only 26 s, but became truly marked after 1 hr or more. Somewhere between 1 hr and 2 weeks, their odor performance fell to chance, but their graphic performance remained well above chance. Although the young did forget both graphic and odor materials progressively, their performance always stayed above chance over a 6-month period. Experiments 1 and 2 revealed that the elderly are less sensitive to odors than the young (with thresholds about 10-fold higher), which may explain, in part, their poorer olfactory memory performance. Knowledge that the subjects brought to the tasks by way of familiarity with and ability to name odors and faces played a positive role in recognition memory. Because of this positive role, together with the negative role played by verbal distraction, we conclude that odor recognition memory depends, perhaps heavily, on semantic processing. Impaired semantic processing may result even when odors are simply rendered desaturated, or pastel because of the weakening of olfactory sensitivity with aging.

Adolescent↗