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Biomedical subjects

R B Winstanley

Publications and source records attributed to R B Winstanley.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

An appraisal of the literature on centric relation. Part III.

The literature directly and indirectly related to centric relation (CR) has been reviewed chronologically. More than 300 papers and quoted sections of books have been divided into three sections. The first two parts are related to CR. Studies in this group mainly compared, either the position of the mandibular condyle or the mandible itself in different CR recordings. Various tools were discussed for this purpose. The third part of the paper is about CR-centric occlusion (CO) discrepancy. CR still remains one of the controversial issues in prosthodontics and orthodontics. Debates such as mounting casts on the articulator by reproducible records for orthodontic treatment planning and end results, and whether or not orthodontic treatment based on CO causes TMJ dysfunction, remain unsolved. The references are listed at the end of Part III.

Centric Relation↗
PubMed2000

A retrospective study of shared learning on the BMedSci Dental Technology course at The University of Sheffield.

The aim of this study was to identify the level of shared learning on a Bachelor of Medical Science in Dental Technology (BMedSci) course at the University of Sheffield, School of Clinical Dentistry. A summative evaluation of the course was carried out, using semi-structured nominal group interviews. BMedSci students, BDS students and recent graduates were questioned and their answers analysed to identify shared learning activities. The results revealed that different levels of shared learning opportunities occurred within the different departments which delivered the course modules. Shared learning was viewed favourably by the students. It has the potential to maximise the use of resources and offers the opportunity for developing an integrated dental team.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2000

Intercondylar width as a guide to setting up complete denture teeth.

A clinical study was designed to investigate the relationship between intercondylar width (ICW) and inter-dental widths of the upper and lower canines and first molars to aid in denture teeth positioning. The study was divided into two parts so that the results of the first part could be verified in the second part. In the first part, 27 adult subjects were selected according to the exclusion criteria of the study. A kinematic hinge axis locator was used to locate the true point of condylar rotation. The distance between these points was considered to be the ICW. A strong correlation was found between ICW and interdental measurements, with ICW and upper first molars being the strongest (r=0.612, P= 0.004). A set of indices developed from the results was recommended for the positioning of complete denture teeth. In the second part of the study, inter-dental measurements were estimated using the indices obtained in the first part. The estimated inter-dental widths showed no significant differences compared with the real widths (P= 0.109, P=0.849, P=0.353, P=0.41). Based on the results of this study, ICW measurements can be used for setting up canines and first molars in complete dentures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

An appraisal of the literature on centric relation. Part II.

The literature directly and indirectly related to centric relation (CR) has been reviewed chronologically. More than 300 papers and quoted sections of books have been divided into three sections. The first two parts of the paper are related to CR. Studies in this group mainly compared either the position of the mandibular condyle or the mandible itself in different CR recordings. Various tools were discussed for this purpose. The third part deals with CR-centric occlusion (CO) discrepancy. CR remains one of the controversial issues in prosthodontics and orthodontics. Debates relating to mounting casts on the articulator by reproducible records for orthodontic treatment planning and end results, and whether or not orthodontic treatment based on CO causes temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction, remain unsolved. The references are listed at the end of Part III.

Centric Relation↗
PubMed2000

An appraisal of the literature on centric relation. Part I.

The literature directly and indirectly related to centric relation (CR) has been reviewed chronologically. More than 300 papers and quoted sections of books have been divided into three sections. The first two parts are related to CR. Studies in this group mainly compared either the position of the mandibular condyle or the mandible itself in different CR recordings. Various tools were discussed for this purpose. The third part of the paper is about CR-centric occlusion (CO) discrepancy. CR still remains one of the controversial issues in prosthodontics and orthodontics. Debates such as mounting casts on the articulator by reproducible records for orthodontic treatment planning and end results, and whether or not orthodontic treatment based on CO causes temporomandibular joint dysfunction, remain unsolved. The references are listed at the end of Part III.

Centric Relation↗
PubMed1998

Dental education resources on the Web.

New methods of delivering educational material are being developed in order to improve effectiveness and efficiency of learning. They are not designed to replace conventional teaching methods, but to complement them and encourage self-directed learning among students. In the present technological age, the use of computers in teaching and learning is almost mandatory. This article describes the development of educational aids available on the World Wide Web through the project DERWeb (Dental Education Resources on the World Wide Web) and its expansion as a site for dental information for the whole dental community. Courses and demonstrations to various groups by the team have led to interest and uptake by those who were previously unaware of this form of information dissemination or were "afraid" to use computers. The project is expanding continually and projections for future development are discussed.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1998

Utilisation of domiciliary dental services.

OBJECTIVES: To develop undergraduate dental student understanding of the attitudes of elderly people towards dentistry and of the barriers which prevent them from seeking treatment. DESIGN: Each student interviewed a) an elderly person already known to them and b) an elderly person at a Day Rehabilitation Unit using a questionnaire. Students were not trained nor standardised. SETTING: a) in the student's home locality, b) in a Rehabilitation Unit in Sheffield. SUBJECTS: 161 people were interviewed with mean ages a) 78 years and b) 85 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Perceptions of treatment need and domiciliary treatment by these elderly people. The results are summarised but not analysed because of the inherent limitations of data derived by unsupervised students. CONCLUSIONS: This educational exercise successfully engaged the studentsí minds and, for some, generated enthusiasm. They achieved valuable insight into the topic and realised that many people who inevitably have dental problems either feel that this is acceptable or do not know that they can obtain domiciliary dental care.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Lifelong education and the dental profession.

Provision of education is constantly under review, with regular changes to address new needs. In addition, demands that cannot be met from within initial training courses have spawned a plethora of educational courses to update knowledge and develop new skills--in effect promoting lifelong education. The aim of this paper is i) to define and explain commonly used educational terms relevant to the understanding of lifelong education, ii) to make a distinction between lifelong education and continued education, and iii) to offer a rationale for the increasing importance of lifelong education for the dental profession.

Education, Dental, Continuing↗
PubMed1997

The quality of impressions for crowns and bridges received at commercial dental laboratories.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the quality of impressions for crown and bridge work made in general dental practice. DESIGN AND SETTING: All impressions for crown and bridge work which had been sent to four commercial dental laboratories in the UK were assessed by two examiners, each laboratory being visited on two occasions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 290 cases which had been received by the laboratories on the days of the visits were assessed for a number of factors related to quality. There was no selection or rejection--all impressions received were examined. RESULTS: Flexible plastic trays were used for the majority of working impressions for crown and bridge work in general dental practice (72%), many had been re-used (> 13%), defects in the recording of the prepared teeth were common, and cross infection control was not routine. CONCLUSIONS: Quality standards for impressions for crown and bridge work in general dental practice in the UK are a cause for concern if the sample of cases seen in this study is typical.

Crowns↗
PubMed1997

The introduction of dental team education.

An initial experiment of introducing trainee dental nurses to assist dental undergraduates for one session a week has led to the introduction of dental team education within the department of restorative dentistry, University of Sheffield. At the same time, self-directed and problem based learning was introduced for the team. This article outlines the development and results of the exercise.

Dental Assistants↗
PubMed1997

The laboratory construction and teaching of ceramic veneers: a survey.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify current trends in the methods and materials used during teaching and construction of ceramic laminate veneers within the laboratory. METHOD: A questionnaire was designed to determine the most popular laboratory techniques and materials used during the teaching and construction of ceramic veneers at a number of university dental schools and teaching hospitals in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Hong Kong, and to identify the role of technical staff. RESULTS: The responses showed that approximately 63% of teaching hospitals and 53% of dental schools were involved with either the construction or teaching of laboratory techniques for ceramic veneers. Of two substrate materials identified, it was clear that the use of phosphate refractory models was preferred to the platinum foil technique. A wide range of refractory and ceramic materials was reported, some of which were supplied as combined system products. However, a larger number were ceramics and refractory materials acquired from independent manufacturers and therefore not necessarily matched. CONCLUSION: Although clear information was provided by the manufacturers to identify the thermal expansion coefficient of their dental ceramic, this is not the case for most of the phosphate refractory materials. As a result, intermixing of individual ceramic and refractory products was commonplace with some combinations having different thermal expansion coefficients. To avoid this thermal mismatch, clear information relating to both products needs to be provided by the manufacturers.

Ceramics↗
PubMed1997

The DERWeb project--dental education resources on the Internet.

The delivery of dental education, in common with other forms of higher education, has altered considerably over the last decade. The introduction of the World Wide Web enabled resources for dental education to be delivered in a new and innovative manner. DERWeb was funded by HEFC-JISC. The primary resource consists of a library of 1600 clinical dental images each with keywords and a description. Selected images were used to create teaching materials to demonstrate to dental educators world wide how the image library could be used by individual institutions. Hands-on courses were held to demonstrate the new resource and to evaluate computer skills in the dental community. Since the commencement of the project in September 1994 DERWeb has become one of the leading resources for dental education world wide. The site has been accessed by 79 countries with approximately 107000 accesses in October 1996. DERWeb also designs and maintains the British Dental Association pages together with other professional organisations. Its resources also include dental contact addresses and links to quality dental sites world wide. Further funding has enabled DERWeb to expand further and explore new technologies to develop interactivity on the Web.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1997

Recording sagittal condylar angles using a mandibular facebow.

The aim of this study was to determine the average sagittal condylar inclination angles of dentate subjects using a mandibular facebow with pencil tracing styli, to relate these angles to values assigned to articulators, and to assess the repeatability accuracy of drawing a tangent to a traced curve. The right and left sagittal condylar inclination angles of 103 subjects were recorded using a mandibular facebow with pencil tracing styli which marked a graph card during protrusive excursions. Tangents to the tracings were measured with a protractor allowing assessment of reproducibility. The mean left and right sagittal condylar inclination angles were 32 degrees and 31.5 degrees, respectively, with no significant differences (P= 0.609). Individual right and left measurements within each group showed significant differences (P = 0.0000). The mean of the tangents drawn through three sagittal condylar angle tracings by 10 operators was 33.3 degrees, and the mean of 10 tangents drawn through the same three tracings by one of the authors was 32.9 degrees, with no significant difference (P = 0.634). The average sagittal condylar inclination angles found in this study are in agreement with those reported in the literature. In fixed sagittal condylar angle articulators 30 degrees appear to be an appropriate setting. The reproducibility of this method of recording sagittal condylar inclination angles was found to be accurate for the individual operator and between operators.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Report on the Annual Conference of the British Association of Teachers of Conservative Dentistry.

The Annual Conference of the British Association of Teachers of Conservative Dentistry (BATCD) was held in Sheffield on 16 and 17 September 1993. The main programme addressed educational issues in three areas: the undergraduate/vocational-trainee interface, the teaching of implants in the undergraduate curriculum, and the changing role of dental instructors in restorative dentistry. The programme also included a number of research papers and poster demonstrations, which were submitted for the Association's new QED/Maillefer prizes in Restorative Dentistry. This paper presents reports of the four principal lectures, and abstracts of the research papers and poster demonstrations, with details of the prize winners.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1993

A study of the quality of impressions for anterior crowns received at a commercial laboratory.

A report is presented of a study which was carried out to investigate the standard of impressions for anterior crowns received at a commercial dental laboratory in Great Britain. Aspects examined were the type of tray and its suitability to the impression technique used, fixation of the impression to the tray, the method of storage in transit, contamination, defects on the preparations and defects elsewhere affecting the occlusion. The quality of the actual preparation was not examined in this study. Similar details were noted for the opposing impression. Of the 50 cases examined only 12 were recorded as totally satisfactory, with 26 cases being recorded as not being of an acceptable standard for the construction of an adequate restoration. The results are presented with the conclusion that in this survey the general quality of impression was unacceptable.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1992

Metal-ceramic bridges from commercial dental laboratories: alloy composition, cost and quality of fit.

The quality of construction of fixed bridge prostheses directly affects their long-term survival. The cost, alloy composition and marginal fit of bridges made by 30 commercial dental laboratories is assessed. Duplicate models of a three unit bridge preparation were sent to 30 different laboratories, as if required for a patient receiving treatment under the General Dental Service. Material was sent via general dental practitioners, requesting metal-ceramic bridges made from 45% Au alloy, precious metal or non-precious metal. Proximal contacts were overbuilt at 65% of sites and pontic tissue contacts were excessive in all but one bridge. Eight laboratories did not use alloys corresponding to the request made. The mean marginal gaps of non-precious metal bridges (145 microns) were significantly greater than those for 45% gold alloy (106 microns). Marginal fit was poor and a number of factors have been observed, with other postulated, which may have contributed to this problem.

Ceramics↗
PubMed1991

Variations in bridge construction in commercial laboratories.

Identical working models for the construction of a porcelain bonded to metal three unit fixed bridge were sent to 30 different commercial dental laboratories in the United Kingdom. The material was sent from general dental practice addresses with the implication for treatment under the National Health Service. Each bridge on its return was examined for acceptability using subjective criteria based on clinical and technical factors. There was a wide variation between bridges which gave cause for concern. Lack of a satisfactory prescription for the laboratories to work to must have played a part in this variation. However, it is stressed that the prescription used in this work was deliberately chosen as representative of that which may be used by clinicians.

Color↗