[Composting with semipermeable covers, a possibility for reducing emissions of microbial aerosols].
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Air Microbiology↗
Biomedical subjects
R Böhm
Publications and source records attributed to R Böhm.
Suitability of repetitive-DNA-sequence-based PCR fingerprinting for characterizing epidemic isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Saintpaul.
Three molecular typing methods, repetitive-sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprinting, plasmid profiling, and arbitrarily primed PCR fingerprinting, were used to characterize isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Saintpaul. Most of the isolates were obtained from epidemic human cases of food-borne salmonellosis, together with some from the food material suspected to be the source of infection, and a few were obtained from other cases apparently not related to the epidemic. All three methods adequately discriminated the epidemic strain from other strains of the serovar. In addition several isolates from human cases which are not identical to the epidemic strain were found. These isolates therefore must have been responsible for some sporadic infections, which were only temporally related to the epidemic. These strains showed a high degree of similarity to a strain isolated from a turkey. rep-PCR fingerprinting with REP-Dt primers and primer ERIC1R, applicable even to crude cell lysates, offers an attractive choice as a primary method for the discrimination of various Salmonella serotypes as well as isolates within serotype Saintpaul.
Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
Fetal adrenal transplantation: success of a laparoscopic technique in rats.
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The present study investigates a new laparoscopic technique for fetal adrenal transplantation in rats. RESULTS: The procedure was successful in 9 of 10 cases (one hole in the omentum) with no postoperative complications. On examination 4 weeks postoperatively, all but one graft showed macroscopic integrity, vascular supply, and histological maturation to normal zonal differentiation. When bilateral adrenalectomy was performed in the recipient to assess endocrine competence of the fetal adrenal grafts, survival was prolonged and Addison crisis was prevented in the animals that underwent transplantation. Levels of aldosterone dropped within the first week after adrenalectomy, but recovered steadily. Analysis of corticosterone demonstrated that levels fell to 25% of sham operated rats in the first week, but then steadily climbed to 70%. CONCLUSIONS: To the authors' knowledge this report presents the first study for laparoscopic transplantation of fetal tissues. Laparoscopic transplantation of fetal adrenal glands seemed feasible and successful in rats. The fetal adrenal transplants matured and served for a prolonged survival.
Addison Disease↗
Ketone body metabolism in the Carp Cyprinus carpio: biochemical and 1H NMR spectroscopical analysis.
In fed and starved carp, Cyprinus carpio, ketone body metabolism and those metabolic and endocrine factors that are known to induce ketogenesis in starving mammals were investigated. Acetoacetate was detected in plasma and liver of both fed and starved carp. We could not detect 3-hydroxybutyrate, neither by 1H-NMR spectroscopy nor by spectrophotometric assay, in spite of low activities of hepatic 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. Starvation of carp did not create metabolic conditions that would favor ketone body synthesis: Mobilization and hepatic catabolism of fatty acids were only moderately enhanced, the rate of gluconeogenesis was not elevated, and glucagon levels as well as the glucagon/insulin-ratio remained stable or declined. Therefore, the discrepancy in the effect of food deprivation on mammalian and teleostean ketogenesis appears to be caused not by the absence of the ketogenic pathway from teleosts but by major differences between mammals and fish in their metabolic response to starvation.
Animals↗
Atypical hemihepatectomy during primary CDH-repair in a neonate on ECMO.
We report the case of a newborn with a large left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) who required extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for severe respiratory insufficiency. CDH repair had to be performed on bypass circulation. Intraoperatively, an atypical hemihepatectomy of the herniated lobe was conducted, because reposition of the liver led to a kinking of the vena cava and to a torsion of the right lobe, resulting in ischemia and compromised venous flow. The extraordinary anatomical indication and the potential danger of uncontrollable bleeding are discussed.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation↗
Thoracoscopic surgery of the oesophagus in rats: a training concept for the treatment of tracheo-oesophageal malformations in preterm infants.
In extremely preterm babies with type Vogt III b oesophageal atresia, the primary operative management can be restricted to a gastrostomy and ligation of the fistula. Some of these patients, however, may not even tolerate a thoracotomy or placement on the operating table. We developed a minimally invasive procedure to prepare and ligate the oesophagus thoracoscopically and perform laparoscopic gastrostomy in a rat model. In 15 operations we observed only one complication. This study implies that after adequate practice, thoracoscopic dissection of the oesophagus with ligation of a tracheo-oesophageal fistula could be performed even in every small infants.
Animals↗
[The dimension of animal carcass disposal in Germany and Europe-- quantification and differentiation].
A survey is given concerning the amount and kind of raw-materials processed in the rendering-industry in Germany and the EU. In Germany about 2,550,000 Mg of material were processed yearly and in the EU about 12,131,000 Mg. The raw-materials were processed to about 800,000 Mg of products (meat/bone meals and fats) in Germany and about 3,259,000 Mg meat/bone meals as well as 1,345,000 Mg of animal fats in the EU every year. Main producers are France (22%), Germany (18%) and Italy (15%). The directive 90/667/EWG (133 degrees C, at least 20 min. at 3 bar pressure) is only consequently followed in Austria, Germany and The Netherlands, in all other EU countries a part of the raw-material is still processed at lower temperatures until now. The costs for rendering in the EU are between 65,-DM/Mg and 270,-DM/Mg. If all material should be burned in Germany the costs will be three times higher as with safe rendering.
Adipose Tissue↗
Forward-Angle 3He(e,e' pi +/-) Coincident Electroproduction and the Search for Delta 's in the Ground State of 3He.
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Journal Article↗
Towards the localization of the essential arginine residues in the band 3 protein of human red blood cell membranes.
The effects of 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylglyoxal (HNPG), on the binding of eosin-5-maleimide (EMA), and diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) to the anion transport system in the human red blood cell membrane, have been investigated. HNPG is a reversibly binding, arginine-specific, anion transport competitive inhibitor, known to act on the anion binding site. The EMA reaction site is an external facing lysine residue (Lys-430) in the 17 kDa transmembrane segment. The DEPC reaction site is an intracellular histidine (His-819) in the 35 kDa fragment. The results show that inhibition of the transport system with EMA increases in presence of HNPG to about 2.3 times. This finding suggests a positive cooperativity between the HNPG and EMA binding site and give evidence that the essential arginine is either nearby or allosterically linked to Lys-430. The inhibition of the cells with DEPC was nearly unchanged or slightly decreased in the presence of 10 mM HNPG. These results suggest that the intracellular His-residue which reacts with DEPC is not a part of the transport pathway. Our experiments with 4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (DNDS) have shown that its affinity to the transport system does not change after pre-treatment with phenylglyoxal (PG). We also found that the binding of [14C]phenylglyoxal (PG) to band 3 reduces significantly in presence of chloride. This is another evidence for the direct involvement of arginine residues in substrate binding.
Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte↗
Labeling Salmonella live vaccine strains with the lux operon from Vibrio fischeri improves their detection and discrimination from wild type.
Genetic labeling of Salmonella live vaccine strains, ZoosaloralR H and TAD Salmonella vacR T, with part of or the entire lux operon of the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri allows for detection and discrimination of these vaccine strains in the course of routine bacteriological culture procedures, without disturbance of such procedures and without the requirement for extra materials and working steps. The label is either plasmid coded or chromosomally integrated by a Tn5 transposon vector. One of the plasmid constructs contains a truncated lux operon raising the requirement for the exogenous addition of the aldehyde substrat of the luciferase to induce light production. All strains constructed produced light sufficiently bright to detect their colonies on the surface of a routinely used plate in the dark with the naked eye.
Animals↗
Patient controlled analgesia (PCA) in paediatric surgery: a prospective study following laparoscopic and open appendicectomy.
Patient controlled analgesia (PCA) has not yet gained universal acceptance for the management of postoperative pain in paediatric surgery. In a prospective study we evaluated feasibility and complications of PCA following 90 cases of laparoscopic or open appendicectomy. PCA proved to be a safe and feasible method with few complications (2% of medical complications, no abort of application, 17 technical checks in a total running time of 4125 h). Acceptance by patients was high and children of all age groups worked the system properly. Assessment of application protocols showed, that the consumption of analgesics was significantly reduced following laparoscopic appendicectomy (P < 0.05). PCA is a safe and feasible method for the management of postoperative pain in children and PCA recording provides an excellent insight into the consumptional behaviour of patients, enabling staff to evaluate postoperative pain for various procedures.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled↗
Monte Carlo simulation of 252CF dose distribution brachytherapy.
The calculation of absorbed dose rate of photons and neutrons for the linear source of 252Cf with the active length of 2 cm is presented. Monte Carlo code and neutron cross-section data processed from ENDF/B-6 library were used. The achieved values of the absorbed dose rates are in good agreement with those published by other authors. The results of the calculation are applied to the gynecological configuration used in brachytherapy.
Brachytherapy↗
Involvement of the GroE chaperonins in the nickel-dependent anaerobic biosynthesis of NiFe-hydrogenases of Escherichia coli.
We analyzed the involvement of chaperonins GroES and GroEL in the biosynthesis of the three hydrogenase isoenzymes, HYD1, HYD2, and HYD3, of Escherichia coli. These hydrogenases are NiFe-containing, membrane-bound enzymes composed of small and large subunits, each of which is proteolytically processed during biosynthesis. Total hydrogenase activity was found to be reduced by up to 60% in groES and groEL thermosensitive mutant strains. This effect was specific because it was not seen for another oligomeric, membrane-bound metalloenzyme, i.e., nitrate reductase. Analyses of the single hydrogenase isoenzymes revealed that a temperature shift during the growth of groE mutants led to an absence of HYD1 activity and to an accumulation of the precursor of the large subunit of HYD3, whereas only marginal effects on the processing of HYD2 and its activity were observed under these conditions. A decrease in total hydrogenase activity, together with accumulation of the precursors of the large subunits of HYD2 and HYD3, was also found to occur in a nickel uptake mutant (nik). The phenotype of this nik mutant was suppressed by supplementation of the growth medium with nickel ions. On the contrary, Ni2+ no longer restored hydrogenase activity and processing of the large subunit of HYD3 when the nik and groE mutations were combined in one strain. This finding suggests the involvement of these chaperonins in the biosynthesis of a functional HYD3 isoenzyme via the incorporation of nickel. In agreement with these in vivo results, we demonstrated a specific binding of GroEL to the precursor of the large subunit of HYD3 in vitro. Collectively, our results are consistent with chaperonin-dependent incorporation of nickel into the precursor of the large subunit of HYD3 as a prerequisite of its proteolytic processing and the acquisition of enzymatic activity.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Chemical labelling of arginyl-residues involved in anion transport mediated by human band 3 protein and some aspects of its location in the peptide chain.
The anion exchange system of human red blood cells can be completely inhibited by a large number of arginine-specific reagents. Kinetic studies have shown that these reagents act on the substrate binding site. Complete inhibition of the transport system with 14C phenylglyoxal is accompanied by modification of 2 to 3 arginine residues on the transmembrane segment of band 3. The inhibition and the binding of 14C phenylglyoxal to band 3 is reduced significantly in presence of chloride ions. The interactions between the reversible competitive inhibitor, 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylglyoxal (HNPG) and other irreversible anion transport inhibitors with well localized binding sites have been studied. A positive cooperativity between HNPG binding and the inhibition caused by eosin-5-maleimide (EMA), has been measured. Nearly no interactions have been found between HNPG binding site and the histidine residue(s) which react with diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC). Sulphate self-exchange is irreversibly inhibited by two carboxyl-group reagents, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)carbodiimde (EDC) and N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimid methoiodide (EAC), studies on their interaction with the HNPG binding site gave results showing that the reaction site(s) of these reagents do not overlap and are not adjacent to the essential arginine(s). A model concerning such interactions is discussed.
Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte↗
[Effects of residues of anti-infective agents in animal excretions on slurry treatment and the soil].
Application of antibiotics and feed additives in animal husbandry generates populations of resistant bacteria in the gut which are introduced via slurry into the ecosystem soil. Nevertheless the influence to the ecosystem soil seems to be low, due to inactivation and dilution in slurry and soil. The probability that this pathway contributes to the problems of antibiotic resistance in human medicine is low. Aerobic and anaerobic treatment of slurry is more or less influenced by residuals of some feed additives and antibiotics. The aerobic-thermophilic treatment seems generally to be more sensitive than the anaerobic biogas production, except in some special cases. No evidence could be found that residuals of antibiotics in slurry have a negative influence on the ecosystem soil, due to preliminary results obtained by similar field trials with disinfectants. The application of antibiotics in aquaculture must be regarded more critically.
Animals↗
A nested PCR method for the detection of Bacillus anthracis in environmental samples collected from former tannery sites.
A nested PCR has been developed to detect Bacillus anthracis spores in natural soil and waste samples which may be heavily contaminated by organic and inorganic compounds as is the case at former tannery sites. Outer and inner pairs of primers were designed from the protective antigen gene of the plasmid pX01 as well as from the genes B and C of the capsule region of the plasmid pX02. The DNA was prepared from an enrichment broth after killing the vegetative cells by H2O2 treatment. The method allows the detection of less than 10 spores per 100 g of the original soil sample. This is between 10(4)-fold and 10(7)-fold more sensitive than the conventional culture diagnosis.
Bacillus anthracis↗
Parallel regulation of constitutive NO synthase and renin at JGA of rat kidney under various stimuli.
Four chronic experiments were performed to assess changes in the activity and gene expression of type I nitric oxide synthase (NOS) at the macula densa (MD) and of renin expression and immunoreactivity (IR) at the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) of rat kidney, as follows: 1) two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertension (2K1C, for 3 and 40 days; sham operation for controls), 2) furosemide treatment (150 mg/kg-1.day-1 ip for 5 days), 3) chronic low-salt diet (0.02%) vs. high-salt diet (3%; both for 11 days), and 4) chronic blockade of NOS by nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 40 mg.kg-1.day-1 for 2 mo). NOS and renin gene expression, NOS enzyme activity and renin IR were semiquantitatively evaluated with histochemical methods (NADPH diaphorase, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry). In 2K1C, marked increases were induced in NOS and renin in the ischemic vs. contralateral kidneys both after 3 and 40 days, respectively (P < 0.05). Related to controls, significant increases in the ischemic kidney were encountered after 3 and 40 days, whereas contralateral suppression of NOS and renin was found only after 40 days. Furosemide treatment resulted in a marked increase of both NOS and renin levels compared with controls (P < 0.05). Salt restriction induced a significant elevation of NOS levels compared with salt loading (P < 0.05), whereas only minor changes were evident in renin levels. L-NAME treatment resulted in a moderate reduction of NOS activity (not significant), whereas renin levels were markedly reduced (P < 0.05). These results show that NOS activity and gene expression are inversely related to chronic changes in renal perfusion, salt balance, and salt transport at the distal tubule in parallel with the known response of renin to these changes. Inhibition of NOS decreases renin levels at the JGA. The histochemical findings support previous concepts that MD-derived NO is involved in the control of renin synthesis.
Animals↗
Inactivation of viruses in liquid manure.
The stability of some viruses and methods of virus inactivation in liquid manure are reviewed. The authors discuss experimental data on the stability of foot and mouth disease virus, classical swine fever virus, Aujeszky's disease virus, African swine fever virus, swine influenza virus, porcine paramyxovirus, bovine virus diarrhoea virus and transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs virus. Recommendations and practical advice are given for the choice and application of chemical disinfectants for slurry.
Animals↗