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Biomedical subjects

R Böhmer

Publications and source records attributed to R Böhmer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

PCR-determined expression of the MDR1 gene in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

To determine the role the multiple drug-resistance (MDR 1) gene plays in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we measured the expression of the MDR 1 gene in 30 patients with this disease. A rapid, highly sensitive, and nonradioactive technique based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for that purpose. In this technique, called differential PCR, the target (MDR 1) and a reference gene (beta 2-microglobulin) are co-amplified by PCR from random hexamer-primed cDNA in the same reaction vessel. The level of target gene expression is reflected in the ratio between the intensities of the two resulting PCR product bands, as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). MDR 1 gene expression was detectable in 29/30 (97%) patients with CLL, with a median expression level of 0.36 U (human placenta = 1 U). There was no correlation between expression of the MDR 1 gene and clinical stage, time from diagnosis, absolute lymphocyte count, several lymphocyte surface markers, or prior treatment in the patients analyzed. Immunocytochemical studies of the same material using the monoclonal antibody C219 showed a very low or undetectable expression of the P-glycoprotein in the lymphocytes of all patients studied, whereas granulocytes were significantly more immunoreactive. We conclude that the level of expression of the MDR 1 gene in CLL is generally low, that the removal of granulocytes is important in studies of expression of MDR 1 mRNA in CLL, and that differential PCR provides a rapid and reliable method for quantifying the amount of a specific mRNA, even in very small samples of total RNA.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1979

[Hyperuricemia].

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Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1979

[Therapy of bronchitis and bronchopneumonia in adults with cefaclor (author's transl)].

Sixty-two patients with bronchopneumonia or bronchitis were treated with cefaclor. In 42 patients (= 68%), the therapy was clinically successful. Of the patients who did not respond to therapy, cefaclor-resistant bacteria were found in the sputum culture of seven. Of the remaining 13 patients, ten suffered a secondary infection with cefaclor-resistant bacteria, and in three patients the pathogen found before therapy persisted, although sensitive to cefaclor on testing. In seven patients therapy was clinically successful although cefaclor-resistant pathogens were present before the start of therapy. In the entire group of patients investigated no increase of SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, urea or creatinine was observed. In two patients alkaline phosphatase and SGOT increased slightly; in three patients SGPT increased slightly. On the other hand, in several patients initially elevated SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase activity decreased during therapy. Clinical side-effects were seen in two patients. In one patient with known penicillin allergy a pruritic exanthema developed; in the other patient, who had dermatitis herpetiformis, exacerbation of skin efflorescences occurred.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Ligation or external fistulation of the common bile duct in the rat. I. Intestinal sucrose hydrolysis and absorption in vivo.

72 h after ligation of the common bile duct in the rat the sucrose hydrolysis in vivo was greater than in sham-operated animals, whereas the absorption of the split products, glucose and fructose, was not altered. In bile-depleted rats the sucrose hydrolysis did not differ from that in the control group. The absorption of the split products, glucose and fructose, was diminished. The alterations of the sucrose assimilation were - though statistically significant - rather small. Thus, the presence of bile in the intestinal contents does not seem to be very important for the hydrolysis and absorption of sucrose in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Ligation or external fistulation of the common bile duct in the rat. II. Intestinal disaccharidase activities.

72 h after ligation or external fistulation of the common duct the activities of maltase, sucrase and lactase in the homogenate of the small intestinal mucosa of the rat were determined. The experiments were performed in connexion with intestinal perfusion studies, and the disaccharidase activities were measured in unperfused intestinal segments as well as in intestinal loops which had previously been perfused with a sucrose-containing solution. After bile duct ligation, the sucrase and maltase activities in a previously perfused intestinal loop were not different from those in sham-operated animals, the lactase activity was diminished. In a nonperfused segment, the sucrase activity was greater, the maltase activity was unchanged, and the lactase activity was lower than in control animals. After bile duct fistulation, the sucrase, maltase and lactase activities in a perfused segment were lower than in sham-operated rats. In a nonperfused loop, the sucrase activity was greater, the maltase activity was unchanged, and the lactase activity was lower then in the corresponding control group. These data suggest that bile is a factor which influences the total mucosal disaccharidase activities, and, probably, the intracellular enzyme distribution.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Edema].

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Edema↗
PubMed1978

Alterations of rat intestinal disaccharide absorption by bile or conjugated bile acids.

Taurocholate showed different effects on the jejunal sucrose absorption, depending on the concentration of the bile acid: 3 mmol/l taurocholate inhibited to a small extent (-7%), 10 mmol/l taurocholate had no effect and 30 mmol/l taurocholate increased the sucrose absorption by 17%. The sucrose hydrolysis was augmented by 20% in the presence of 30 mmol/l taurocholate. 2 mmol/l taurochenodeoxycholate caused an increase of sucrose hydrolysis(+ 37%) as well as of sucrose absorption (+ 12%) in the jejunum. Pooled rat bile induced a 21% inhibition of the sucrose hydrolysis, while the sucrose absorption was unchanged. The jejunal maltose hydrolysis was unaffected by 3 mmol/l taurocholate, whereas 10 or 30 mmol/l caused a minimal increase (+ 3%). The absorption of the resulting glucose was reduced to 84--92%. In the ileum 10 mmol/l taurocholate did not change the sucrose hydrolysis and absorption, whereas 2 mmol/l taurochenodeoxycholate induced a 30% decrease. The investigated bile acids had no effect on the microscopic structure of the small intestinal mucosa. Hypertonic solutions caused an accumulation and exfoliation of PAS-positive material at the top of the villi, independent of the presence or absence of bile acids.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Intestinal carbohydrate absorption--correlation between morphology and biochemistry (author's transl)].

After a short description of the morphology of the small intestinal mucosa the physiological processes of carbohydrate digestion and absorption are discussed. While starch is hydrolyzed by amylase in the lumen of the duodenum, the disaccharide hydrolysis does not take place in the intestinal lumen, but at the brush border membrane of the enterocyte. The liberated monosaccharides are--at least in part--absorbed by a specific active transport system. This mechanism is different from those which are responsible for the active transport of primary monosaccharides, i.e. monosaccharides which do not result from oligosaccharide hydrolysis. The exit process for monosaccharides out of the enterocyte into the extracellular space occurs by "facilitated diffusion". Passage through "fenestrated" capillaries is discussed as a possible mechanism for the entry of monosaccharides into the blood vessel system.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Reproducibility of the intravenous galactose tolerance test.

The reproducibility of the intravenous galactose tolerance test was investigated in eight healthy volunteers by performing the test five times under identical conditions in each individual. The results show that the interindividual scattering is much greater than the intraindividual variation. Therefore, and in connexion with the results of a previous investigation, the conclusion can be drawn that the intravenous galactose tolerance test is more suitable for the longitudinal course of patients than for the detection of an impaired liver function. A simplification of the test is possible by measuring the fasting galactose concentration and the blood galactose concentration 40 minutes after the galactose load.

Galactose↗