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Biomedical subjects

R Barnes

Publications and source records attributed to R Barnes.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Increased risk for polycystic ovary syndrome associated with human leukocyte antigen DQA1*0501.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this investigation was to identify genes that confer susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: Nineteen subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome, hirsutism, and elevated plasma androgen levels and 46 fertile, female control subjects were studied. Alleles at the human leukocyte antigen DQA1 locus were identified with dot-blot hybridizations with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. Associations between human leukocyte antigen DQA1 alleles and polycystic ovary syndrome were examined with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The frequency of the human leukocyte antigen DQA1*0501 was 0.50 and 0.26 in subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome and control subjects, respectively (corrected for multiple comparisons, p = 0.067). Homozygosity for this allele was also increased among subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome (p = 0.054). The odds ratios for having polycystic ovary syndrome associated with the *0501 allele and the *0501/*0501 homozygous genotype were 2.8 and 5.8, respectively. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that a polycystic ovary syndrome susceptibility allele is linked to human leukocyte antigen and that the susceptibility allele is recessive.

Alleles↗
PubMed1992

Association of coagulation factors and inhibitors with carotid artery atherosclerosis. Early results of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

Several population studies have shown that plasma levels of fibrinogen and factor VII are significantly associated with ischemic cardiovascular events. However, there is little information regarding the association of hemostatic factors with early atherosclerosis. To evaluate this, we compared the plasma concentrations of several coagulation proteins (fibrinogen, factor VII, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, protein C, and antithrombin III) between 385 case patients, defined by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography as having carotid arterial wall thickening, and 385 age-, race-, and sex-matched control subjects. These case patients and control subjects were selected from participants in a prospective population investigation, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, who were examined between May 1987 and May 1989. Plasma fibrinogen, factor VII, protein C, and antithrombin III levels were significantly higher in case patients than in control subjects (P < 0.05). Factor VIII and von Willebrand factor were not different. These findings were supported by quartile distribution and univariate analysis. However, only fibrinogen remained significantly associated with carotid atherosclerosis on multivariate analysis taking other atherosclerosis risk factors into consideration. A one standard deviation increase in fibrinogen (67 mg/dL) was associated with a 1.6-fold increase in the odds of carotid atherosclerosis univariately (P < 0.001) and with a 1.3-fold increase in the odds multivariately (P = 0.010). Further analysis revealed that the association of fibrinogen with carotid atherosclerosis was somewhat stronger in cigarette smokers than in nonsmokers. This early case-control analysis of the ARIC Study demonstrates a significant association between plasma fibrinogen concentration and early atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries. In the context of published findings from population studies, our results indicate that plasma fibrinogen concentrations may be a useful marker for identifying individuals at high risk of developing arterial thrombotic disorders.

Antithrombin III↗
PubMed1992

Drug use and suicide ideation and behavior among North Carolina public school students.

We used data from 3064 respondents to the 1990 North Carolina Youth Risk Behavior Survey to examine the relationship between adolescent drug use and suicide ideation and behavior. Principal components analysis followed by varimax rotation was performed separately on the drug use and suicide items. Correlation coefficients computed between the two sets of factor scores and comparison of mean drug use factor scores revealed that drug use, particularly of crack/cocaine, was related to increased suicide ideation and behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Carotid atherosclerosis measured by B-mode ultrasound in populations: associations with cardiovascular risk factors in the ARIC study.

To assess whether carotid atherosclerosis measured by B-mode ultrasound is related to cardiovascular risk factors, 386 cases with carotid artery wall thickening and an equal number of controls free of arterial intima-media thickening were drawn from the cohort of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study examined in four communities in the United States between 1988 and 1990. Cases and controls were individually matched on sex, race, age group, study center, and date of examination. The mean values of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total triglyceride, blood pressure, and pack-years of cigarette smoking were higher in cases than controls. Mean high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was lower in cases than controls. Case-control differences were all statistically significant. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios point to differences of considerable magnitude in the risk of carotid atherosclerosis between groups defined by clinical and public health-oriented risk factor cut-points.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1991

Transvaginal intratubal insemination by tactile sensation: a preliminary report.

Transvaginal catheterization of the fallopian tube has gained increased popularity for transfer of embryos and gametes. Forty-five ITIs were performed on 32 patients using the novel approach of tubal transfer via tactile sensation. This group of patients had undergone an average of 5.2 IUIs before ITI. There were a total of 11 pregnancies, 6 occurring with hMG stimulation and 5 with CC-stimulated cycles (34% PR per patient). Three pregnancies ended with spontaneous abortion, and one patient developed acute salpingitis necessitating laparotomy. These data suggest ITI may be effective in assisted reproduction but, as other invasive procedures, is not without risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Imipramine in the treatment of depressed Alzheimer's patients: impact on cognition.

A double-blind study evaluated the impact of imipramine on cognitive function in 61 patients with Alzheimer's disease. Twenty-eight patients had coexistent depression and dementia; 33 had dementia only. All were randomly assigned to an 8-week trial of imipramine or placebo. For both depressed and nondepressed subjects, the effect of imipramine on cognition was minimal. A subtle decrement in general cognitive function was evident in those treated with imipramine, as compared with those treated with placebo. No effects were observed on memory. Clinicians are advised that very low doses of imipramine (25 mg/daily) may be tolerated in depressed Alzheimer patients, but that cognitive changes do occur in some patients and should be carefully monitored.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Low nm23 protein expression in infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas correlates with reduced patient survival.

Protein levels corresponding to nm23 were determined in normal and neoplastic breast tissues by immunoperoxidase staining. Nm23 protein levels were highest in normal breast epithelium, and lower in intraductal carcinomas. Based on nm23 staining, 39 infiltrating ductal carcinomas were separated into two groups: tumors with homogeneously high nm23 protein content, and tumors with low staining in either a homogeneous or heterogeneous pattern. Patients with low nm23 staining tumors, determined by three pathologists independently, had reduced survival times (alpha = 0.034, alpha = 0.012, alpha = 0.052 by the log rank test). Nm23 expression approached significance as an independent predictor of survival in Cox's proportional hazards model. The data provide the first correlation of low nm23 protein expression and reduced breast carcinoma patient survival.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Interpractice visits by general practitioners: implications of a pilot project for quality assurance in general practice.

This article describes a pilot study involving 25 general practitioners who agreed to undertake interpractice visits. Decisions regarding the nature, length and documentation of the interpractice visit were made by consensus during a 5-h workshop. Participants met again as a group after the visits were completed and discussed the acceptability of the visits and their potential to improve standards of care. Reactions included a high level of enthusiasm to develop further the rigour of these visits.

Australia↗
PubMed1990

Isolated trout liver cells: establishing short-term primary cultures exhibiting cell-to-cell interactions.

Composition and interactions of cell types in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver digested with collagenase and cultured in serum-free media were investigated. Suspensions obtained after digesting trout liver with collagenase contained all the cell types present in the liver, including liver parenchymal cells (hepatocytes), biliary epithelial cells, sinusoidal endothelium, fat-storing cells of Ito, and macrophages. A major cell pellet, mainly hepatocytes but containing significant numbers of biliary epithelial cells, was obtained by centrifuging the cell suspension at 120 X g for 1 min. Cells present in this pellet quantitatively attached to culture plates coated with a trout skin extract and remain attached for 4 to 6 d with good retention of intracellular enzymes and DNA. When in culture, significant changes in and among the cells were observed. Initial preparations were rounded, single cells. Within several hours, however, cellular interactions leading to aggregation became evident and aggregates increased in size for 2 to 3 d. Scanning electron microscopy (EM) showed frequent shaftlike projections from margins of the aggregates. Transmission EM indicated that these projections represent biliary ductules forming in vitro. Adjacent hepatocytes also showed plasma membrane specializations forming junctional complexes and canaliculi characteristics of normal trout liver. After 5 to 6 d in culture, significant numbers of the cell aggregates dislodged from the plate. Analysis showed the dislodged cells were viable but vacuolated. The reestablishment in vitro of morphologic relationships resembling in situ tissue components suggest these culture preparations may have significant utility in cooperative metabolic studies of cell interactions in trout liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Extragenital granuloma inguinale mimicking a soft-tissue neoplasm: a case report and review of the literature.

Granuloma inguinale has been reported to mimic squamous cell carcinoma, as well as sexually transmitted diseases. We describe a rare case of extragenital granuloma inguinale that mimicked a soft tissue neoplasm in an 18-year-old pregnant woman who presented with cervical and labial ulcers. An elective cesarean section was performed, at which time a retroperitoneal mass that involved the right ureter was found. At frozen section, the mass had a xanthogranulomatous appearance consistent with a soft-tissue neoplasm. Special stains of the permanent sections revealed the pathognomic features of granuloma inguinale.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Potential value of hormone receptor assay in carcinoma in situ of breast.

The estrogen receptor (ER) expression of invasive breast cancer has been extensively studied both biochemically and with specific monoclonal antibodies against ER. Relatively few studies have attempted to characterize ER pattern in breast carcinoma in situ (CIS) and in other premalignant lesions. In the current study, the authors investigated the pattern of ER expression in 62 cases of breast CIS, 30 of which had a component of invasive cancer, and 36 cases of atypical hyperplasia. Paraffin sections of formalin-fixed breast tissue underwent enzyme pretreatment to expose nuclear antigenic sites as previously described. Breast tissues then underwent estrogen immunocytochemical assay using specific monoclonal antibodies (Abbott Laboratory, Chicago, IL). The cases were evaluated for heterogeneity, intensity of staining, and percentage of ER-positive cells. An attempt was made to study the relation between the pattern of ER expression, nuclear pleomorphism, and type of CIS. The results of ER immunocytochemical assay showed positive nuclear staining for ER in 75% of the CIS, 73% of CIS with invasive cancer, and 100% of atypical hyperplasias. ER expression in CIS agreed with that in the invasive carcinoma in 29 of 30 cases. This study also suggests that comedocarcinoma has a higher incidence of negative ER expression than the other types of CIS, particularly when it is associated with significant nuclear pleomorphism. There was no significant difference in ER tumor heterogeneity between premalignant and malignant lesions.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Inside politics.

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Humans↗
PubMed1989

Inside politics.

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Humans↗