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Biomedical subjects

R Bendel

Publications and source records attributed to R Bendel.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Social heterogeneity in smoking among African Americans.

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the effects of sociodemographic variables on the smoking behavior of African Americans. METHODS: Data for 14,397 African-American respondents (18-64 years old) to the National Health Interview Survey in the years 1990 through 1993 were examined in multivariate models. RESULTS: Age was the strongest predictor of smoking, and men were at least 1.75 times as likely as women to be smokers (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The Year 2000 goal of an 18% prevalence rate among African-American adults may not be attained without major community interventions focusing on male and middle-aged African Americans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

A statistical model estimating the number of African-American physicians in the United States.

Using mark-recaptured methodology and network sampling procedures, a statistical model was developed to estimate the number of African-American physicians in the United States. A sample (stratified by geographic region, medical specialty and an age surrogate) was selected from the National Medical Association's Masterfile of Black Physicians (NMAMBP). Respondents were asked to list the names of five black physicians who resided or practiced in their immediate geographic area. Data also were collected about citizenry as well as other demographic and professional information. The NMAMBP was used mathematically as a "marked" group that could then be "recaptured," allowing mark-recapture methodology to be used as the nucleus of the statistical estimation procedure. The results revealed that in 1991, the total number of US African-American physicians (black US citizens) was estimated to be 16,282 with a conservative standard error of 764 and an approximate 95% confidence interval, yielding a range of 14,754 to 17,810 physicians. This estimate is from 17% to about 32% lower than the 21,538 black doctors reported by the 1990 Bureau of the Census and has important implications for attempts to reform the health-care system and policies designed to produce more African-American physicians.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1989

[Additional treatment with Esberitox N in patients with chemo-radiotherapy treatment of advanced breast cancer].

A study was made at random on 70 female patients with advanced mamma carcinoma to find out whether an additional treatment with Esberitox N prevents or diminishes the sideeffects of a combined chemo-radiation therapy. As it could not be excluded that the efficacy of Esberitox N on previous affliction by haematotoxic therapy would probably differ, the study was made on various groups of risk. The parameter to form an opinion were either the peripheral hematosis or the appearance of infections. It turned out, however, that Esberitox N proved only effective if there was only a minor damage of the bonemarrow. The efficacy seems to promote the recuperation of the haemapoetic system. There was no significant frequency of infections by the additional Esberitox N treatment, yet in tendency favourably influenced.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1988

[Supplementary treatment with Esberitox of female patients undergoing curative adjuvant irradiation following breast cancer].

1. The study was supposed to investigate a possible prevention or reduction of the toxicity of radiotherapy by an additional treatment with Esberitox. This question arose when performing an investigation about the effect of Esberitox in a combined chemo-radiotherapy. Whereas the latter induces above all a systemic damage to the hemopoietic system, radiotherapy is a regional noxa. 2. The present prospective, randomized study was conducted with 50 patients submitted to curative adjuvant irradiation following surgery for mammary carcinoma. The radiotherapy was performed in the same way in all patients with irradiations of the thoracic wall and the regional lymph nodes. Two groups were built by randomization. The study group received an additional treatment with Esberitox, the control group did not receive an additional treatment. 3. As a result, no protective influence of Esberitox could be demonstrated. The parameters investigated were the peripheral blood count (leucocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, thrombocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit) and the incidence of infections. 4. This result diverging from literature is discussed. It is probably affected by volume and extension of the injury induced by a hematotoxic noxa and furthermore by the ability of regeneration. If this ability is exhausted, the protective effect of Esberitox can act no longer. Therefore the essential factor seems to be the duration of exposure to the noxa. Esberitox was effective in case of a short toxicity, it was ineffective in case of prolonged toxicity, if the treatment continuity (noxa) was not broken up by some regeneration intervals. The radiotherapy studied in this trial had a duration of 50 days, and its effect was that of a longterm injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Assay of disaturated phosphatidylcholine in amniotic fluid as a test of fetal lung maturity: experience with 2000 analyses.

We determined concentrations of disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) in nearly 2000 amniotic fluid samples obtained either transabdominally or as vaginal pools. Here we report our comparison of these DSPC values with the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratios for amniotic fluid samples obtained from diabetic and nondiabetic pregnancies and also between transabdominally or vaginally collected samples uncontaminated by blood or meconium. DSPC measurement is at least as good as the L/S ratio in predicting the absence of respiratory distress syndrome. DSPC concentrations were, however, lower in diabetic than in nondiabetic pregnancies, supporting the hypothesis that DSPC synthesis may be impaired in fetuses of diabetic mothers. Visually uncontaminated samples collected transabdominally or vaginally, when grouped according to length of gestation, have similar DSPC values but different L/S ratios. Thus, even in the absence of blood or meconium, DSPC may be a more useful test than the L/S ratio for vaginally pooled samples.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1986

Intrauterine aspiration of a large fetal ovarian cyst.

Most large series of neonatal ovarian cysts are limited to those diagnosed in the newborn period. Eight cases of fetal ovarian cysts diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound have been reported, only one of which was aspirated in utero. Reported is the youngest fetus to undergo in utero aspiration of an ovarian cyst to reduce the risk of secondary pulmonary hypoplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Attitudinal and demographic correlates of food supplementation practices.

Attitudinal and demographic correlates to food supplement use were ascertained for 689 adults residing in seven Western states. Of the 689, 372 (54%) were food supplement users and 317 (46%) were non-users. The only attitudinal variable significantly (p less than .001) related to the practice of food supplementation was the belief that vitamin C could cure and prevent a cold. More users than non-users agreed with the statement that "vitamin C can both prevent and cure a cold." Demographic variables found to be significantly (p less than .05) related to food supplement use included education, marital status, home type, employment status, and population of town/city in which the respondent resided. Food supplement users tended to be living together without marriage, never married, or divorced and living in town houses or "other" types of dwellings. More users than non-users resided in communities with populations of 2,500 or in communities with populations of 10,000 to 49,999.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Food supplement usage in seven Western states.

Data on food supplement usage were collected from 2451 adults in seven Western states. No significant differences were determined among states. A majority (66.6%) of the sample used some form of food supplements, with 40.0% consuming one to three supplements per day. The archetype food supplement user was likely to be a young female with some college education, who believes that the nutritional quality of food has decreased in the last 10 yr and in the efficacy of supplements for disease prevention or cure, and primarily receives information concerning food and nutrition from books and health food stores. Correspondingly, one of the most frequently cited reasons for using food supplements, next to "to prevent colds and other illnesses" was "to make up for what is not in food." The three most frequently used food supplements, in rank order, were multiple vitamins, vitamin C, and multiple vitamins plus iron.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Prenatal diagnosis of fetal urinary tract abnormalities by ultrasound.

The prenatal detection of renal enlargement and sonolucent "cystic" lesions in 4 fetal abdomens by ultrasound is described. These were later proved to be congenital urinary tract anomalies. Only one of the other 4,628 mothers who had ultrasound gave birth to a child with a congenital urinary tract anomaly that was missed, and 1 fetus was falsely diagnosed as having a congenital urinary tract anomaly based on the ultrasound. Obstruction in the developing urinary tract is associated with renal dysplasia and insufficiency. More experience and improved ultrasonography may enable an accurate diagnosis of urinary tract obstruction; and early relief of the obstruction may be a possible method of management to minimize the renal damage.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Smoking behavior among French and American women.

BACKGROUND: This paper presents an analysis of the sociodemographic factors related to cigarette smoking prevalence and the number of cigarettes smoked daily among nationally representative samples of 18- to 64-year-old French (n = 1,956) and American (n = 20,234) women. METHODS: This analysis combines 2 separate years (1992 and 1993) of data collected by the National Health Interview Survey in the United States and the Comité Francais d'Education pour la Santé in France. Weighted data analysis of the effects of age, employment status, education, and socioprofessional status was conducted using both SPSS and the SUDAAN complex sample survey analysis program. RESULTS: The prevalence of smoking among French female smokers was significantly higher than among American women (30.8% vs 26.3%) and particularly among the younger age groups. However, the average number of cigarettes smoked per day was appreciably and significantly lower for French women (12.3) than for American women (18.2). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed statistically significant interaction terms differentiating the impact of marital status, age, and education on the smoking status of French and American women, as well as the sociodemographic determinants of the number of cigarettes smoked. Education was inversely related to smoking among American women but positively associated with the smoking behavior of French women. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the smoking behavior of French and American women support the view that sociodemographic factors do not affect the smoking behavior of women in Western industrialized countries similarly and reinforce the importance of international public health measures targeting the increasing rate of smoking among women.

Adolescent↗