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Biomedical subjects

R Bennet

Publications and source records attributed to R Bennet.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

The fecal microflora of 1-3-month-old infants during treatment with eight oral antibiotics.

We examined the fecal microflora of 1-3-month-old infants during treatment with phenoxymethylpenicillin, amoxycillin, pivampicillin, cefaclor, cefadroxil, loracarbef, erythromycin or cotrimoxazole. Escherichia coli increased during treatment with penicillins or cephalosporins, but was not affected by erythromycin or cotrimoxazole. Other enterobacteria were acquired or increased during treatment with all agents except cotrimoxazole. Enterococci persisted or increased during phenoxymethylpenicillin, cephalosporin or cotrimoxazole treatment, whereas erythromycin and the other penicillins suppressed them. Bacteroides, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were suppressed to undetectable levels in most infants during treatment with all agents, except phenoxymethylpenicillin and loracarbef.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed2002

Population-based rates of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with and without risk factors, and outcome in a tertiary care setting.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to make a population-based estimate of the risk of hospitalization and complications during virologically confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in relation to established risk factors, and an estimation of additional risk factors and outcome as seen in a tertiary care referral centre. During a period of 12 y, all children with virologically confirmed RSV infection were included. Recorded complications were: admission to the intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, death and later hospitalization for wheezing. In total, 1503 cases were identified, 1354 of which originated from the population defined by the catchment area. There was a biannual seasonal variation with late small outbreaks alternating with early large ones. The hospitalization rates for infants without risk factors were 0.8 and 1.4% during the 2 epidemic types. They were 1.6-3.2% for infants born preterm (<33 gestational wk), 2.9-7.0% for children under 2 y old with chronic lung disease of prematurity and 2.8-6.4% for infants with congenital heart disease. The presence of siblings in the family more than doubled the risk of hospitalization. Later hospitalization for wheezing occurred in 8.4 and 4.9% of children without risk factors over and under the age of 2 mo, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study found lower population rates of hospitalization and complications than have previously been reported. The seasonal variation and the presence of siblings in the home influenced these rates by factors of 2.

Female↗
PubMed2001

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis in healthy children: another "lifestyle disease"?

UNLABELLED: An increasing incidence of non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lymphadenitis has been reported in previously healthy children in the western world since about 1985. In this study we investigated the sociodemographic and individual characteristics of these patients. Information about patients was collected prospectively from 1977 to 1996. For comparison, an ad hoc group of hospitalized children with bacterial cervical lymphadenitis was chosen. In addition to individual characteristics, information was collected on the country of birth of the patients and their parents, and the socioeconomic characteristics of the domicile area. We identified 81 children with NTM, 14 with tuberculous and 192 with septic lymphadenitis. Significantly more parents of children with NTM than in either of the other two groups were Swedish-born and lived in privileged socioeconomic areas. CONCLUSION: The increase in NTM lymphadenitis in healthy children has taken place at the same time as the reported increase in atopic disease and asthma in childhood. Both groups of patients seem to come from favourable living conditions. It is speculated that NTM lymphadenitis, like asthma and certain other diseases triggered by the immune system, might be a "lifestyle disease".

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Wheezing following lower respiratory tract infections with respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A in infancy.

We examined the incidence of subsequent wheezing in 292 children, hospitalized for influenza A or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection, during two consecutive seasons (November-December, 1993 and March-April, 1995). Questionnaires concerning episodes of wheezing and known risk factors for wheezy bronchitis were mailed to parents 1 year after hospitalization. Sixty per cent of parents reported two or more episodes of wheezing following either influenza A or RSV. Hospitalization as a result of wheezing was necessary in 15% of the patients. The severity of the primary infection, as indicated by the need for treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU), was correlated with later wheezing. No additional significant risk factors predicting later wheezing could be identified.

Asthma↗
PubMed1999

Incidence and estimates of the disease burden of rotavirus in Sweden.

Laboratory and hospitalization data from two children's hospitals with large primary catchment areas and national laboratory and hospitalization data for children under 4 y of age with acute diarrhoea were compiled to estimate the number of hospitalizations and the cost burden associated with rotavirus diarrhoea in Sweden. According to our estimates 1500-1700 rotavirus-associated hospitalizations occur annually in Sweden in children under 4 y of age (3.7 hospitalizations/1000 children/y). This number represents 2.3% of admissions for all diagnoses in children of this age group. The cost of these hospitalizations is 13.5-15 million Swedish crowns (US$1.8-2 million). Serotyping by PCR for two years revealed that serotype 1 (G1) was the most common (49% and 58%, respectively) identified. Serotypes 2-4 were identified in the following proportions G2 (23% and 5%), G3 (21% and 0%) and G4 (7% and 16%). The national laboratory report data for 1993-96 show that as much as 7-13% of rotavirus infections occur in elderly people.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1997

Clinical manifestations and epidemiology of childhood tuberculosis in Stockholm 1976-95.

81 cases of tuberculosis infection (17) and disease (64), seen between 1977 and 1995 at St Göran's Children's hospital, Stockholm, Sweden are reviewed. The incidence of tuberculosis disease increased from 1 to 6/10(5) children/y. The increase was due to immigration from high-prevalence countries, with an incidence of 20/10(5) in a partly segregated suburb. Most of the children were foreign-born. Of the 31 0-4-y-old cases, 19 were born in Sweden, and 7 had received BCG vaccination. For Swedish-born children with Swedish-born parents, the incidence of tuberculosis disease remained stable at < 0.5. 50 patients were symptomatic when first seen (60% pulmonary tuberculosis, 8% military tuberculosis, 25%, cervical adenitis, 15% other extrapulmonary tuberculosis). There was 1 death, and in 2 children complicated tuberculosis courses. Side effects of drug therapy were seen in 5% of the children. In conclusion, tuberculosis remains an important differential diagnosis in children of immigrants from high-prevalence countries for at least 5 y after settlement in Sweden. The practice of delaying BCG vaccination of them until 6 months of age can be disputed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Nosocomial gastroenteritis in two infant wards over 26 months.

We retrospectively reviewed 209 cases of nosocomial diarrhea in two infant wards at St Göran's Children's Hospital. They occurred from April 1987 to May 1989, when 3105 patients spent 26,355 hospital days. The hospital is a 250-bed tertiary center with university affiliation. Fourteen percent of patients at risk developed nosocomial diarrhea, and the relative attack rate was 1.1 episodes per 100 hospital days. A probable viral etiology was found in 47% of patients. Rotavirus was most frequent and occurred during the community rotavirus seasons. Also small, round, structured viruses were common, and two outbreaks of astrovirus gastroenteritis occurred. Failure to detect a virus was particularly common among infants younger than 4 months. However, a seasonal distribution and peaks concordant with defined clusters in older patients, suggest also that some of these detection-negative cases may have a viral etiology.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1994

Nosocomial calicivirus gastroenteritis in a pediatric hospital.

At St. Göran's Children's Hospital (a tertiary center), we perform electron microscopy of feces in most cases of nosocomial gastroenteritis. From September 1987 through April 1992 we identified 32 episodes of calicivirus infection, 25 of which were nosocomial and, except for one outbreak, sporadic. Systematic study of the nosocomial outbreak of calicivirus gastroenteritis from November 1991 to January 1992, revealed calicivirus in the stools of 8 of 23 children with diarrhea and 0 of 10 without diarrhea. In 3 of 7 sampled after cessation of diarrhea, calicivirus excretion continued for 3 to 6 days. We found no calicivirus in 42 staff members or 9 members of infected patients' families. Nosocomial transmission of calicivirus can occur among infants.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Early infant feeding and micro-ecology of the gut.

Newborn infants are rapidly colonized by both aerobic and and anaerobic bacteria, initially with about 50% of each type. Several factors related both to the infant and its environment influence the composition of the intestinal microflora quantitatively as well as qualitatively. Major ecological disturbances are observed in newborn infants treated with antimicrobial agents. One way of minimizing the ecological disturbances, which may be seen in infants treated in neonatal intensive care units, is to provide them with fresh breast milk from their mothers and to use antimicrobial therapy only under strict clinical indications.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

Transient colonization of the gut of newborn infants by orally administered bifidobacteria and lactobacilli.

We investigated if orally administered bifidobacteria and/or lactobacilli could be cultured from faeces of infants after antibiotic treatment, when these bacterial species are usually absent. Lyophilized Bifidobacterium longum, strain BB-536, B. breve, strain BB-576, or Lactobacillus acidophilus, strain LAC-343, were used. Doses of 3 x 10(9) cells of one strain, or a mixture of all three strains 3 x 10(9) cells each were fed three times daily at mealtimes to 11 infants aged 0-8 weeks. Treatment was started the first day after antibiotic treatment and was continued for 5 days. The bacterial species were isolated in 9 of 11, 7 of 10 and 2 of 9 specimens obtained on the last day of bifidobacteria or lactobacilli administration, 5 and 15 days thereafter, respectively. No side effects were noted.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Astroviruses as a cause of nosocomial outbreaks of infant diarrhea.

During a 16-month study period at a children's hospital, 32 children developed nosocomial gastroenteritis caused by astroviruses. Twenty-five of these occurred during 2 epidemic outbreaks in medical and surgical infants' wards. From the community, 13 confirmed cases were admitted during the study period. Both community-acquired and nosocomial cases occurred during autumn, winter and early spring. The attack rates during outbreaks ranged between 7 and 62% and were highest among children with underlying gastrointestinal diseases. Diarrhea and vomiting were the most common clinical manifestations. The median duration of symptoms was 4 days and that of virus excretion was 5 days. Hospital infection with astroviruses is common and usually affects children less than 2 years of age. The probable mode of transmission is spread via contaminated hands.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Intestinal bacteria of newborn Ethiopian infants in relation to antibiotic treatment and colonisation by potentially pathogenic gram-negative bacteria.

The aerobic and anaerobic intestinal microflora of 60 newborn infants in Addis Ababa was studied. As opposed to earlier published studies from Stockholm, there were no consistent changes of the microflora attributable to antibiotic treatment. The reason why antimicrobial agents caused quantitatively smaller changes of the intestinal microflora in newborn infants in Addis Ababa than in Stockholm is not known, but may be due to antimicrobial inactivation, or marked, continuous ingestion of bacteria. Colonisation by potentially pathogenic gram-negative bacteria was coupled to a low isolation rate of bifidobacterium, but not of lactobacillus. This is consistent with the hypothesis that bifidobacterium might convey some kind of resistance to colonisation by and overgrowth of gram-negative bacteria in newborn infants. Similar results have previously been obtained in Stockholm. In comparison to 45 healthy infants in Stockholm, the Ethiopian infants had more enterococcus and lactobacillus and less staphylococcus and bacteroides during the first 2 weeks of life. After that time, the only difference was more frequent colonisation by lactobacillus in Addis Ababa.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

The outcome of neonatal septicemia during fifteen years.

The outcome of neonatal septicemia in 320 infants seen during 1969-83 has been evaluated. Mortality decreased from 27% to 12%. The incidence of moderate to severe handicaps in survivors remained unchanged at around 20%. Sixty percent of these handicapped children had meningitis or osteomyelitis, and many of these were healthy prior to onset. All handicapped infants without osteomyelitis or meningitis had several other risk factors that may have contributed to the final outcome.

Humans↗