PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Bergström

Publications and source records attributed to R Bergström.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Climacteric symptoms and estrogen replacement therapy in women with endometrial carcinoma.

A case-control study was undertaken to investigate the influence of exogenous estrogens and climacteric symptoms on the risk of developing endometrial carcinoma. The study comprised 254 women with newly diagnosed endometrial carcinoma, resident in a defined geographical area, and 254 age-matched population controls. Treatment with estrogens for 4 years or longer was significantly more common among patients than among controls (odds ratio = 4.5; 95% confidence limit (CL) = 1.2-17.3). A history of climacteric symptoms was reported by significantly fewer patients than controls (odds ratio = 0.5; 95% CL = 0.3-0.7) and this difference was shown to be independent of weight. The decrease in risk associated with climacteric symptoms was limited to women younger than 70 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Basal and food-stimulated levels of gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide in non-ulcer dyspepsia and duodenal ulcer.

Basal and food-stimulated levels of gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were studied in 86 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD), defined as chronic or recurrent epigastric pain without anatomical antecedents and without concomitant symptoms of irritable bowel. Thirteen patients with endoscopically confirmed duodenal ulcer disease (DU) and 13 healthy subjects constituted the reference groups. The mean basal gastrin concentration was moderately but significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in the NUD group than in the reference groups (24.3 +/- 1.6 (SEM) pmol/l in NUD, compared with 15.0 +/- 1.5 and 13.6 +/- 1.0 pmol/l among DU patients and healthy subjects, respectively). The well-established postprandial hypergastrinemia in duodenal ulcer patients could be confirmed in this study, and their gastrin response to food was significantly (p less than 0.01) greater than the responses observed both in healthy subjects and in NUD patients. The two latter groups did not differ significantly with regard to gastrin increments, but there was a tendency towards greater increases in the NUD group. A significantly (p less than 0.05) enhanced PP response to the test meal was observed among the DU patients, whereas the response pattern in NUD was closely similar to that in healthy subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Late results of operation for primary hyperparathyroidism in 441 patients.

The late results of operation for primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) were analyzed in 441 patients operated on 4 to 27 years earlier (mean follow-up time, 7.7 years). A conservative surgical approach was mainly used, attempting if possible to visualize all four parathyroid glands and extirpate only the enlarged glands. Subtotal resection was performed in patients with hyperplasia. The histopathologic diagnosis was adenoma in 77% and hyperplasia in 18%. In 5% of the patients, the histopathologic classification was uncertain. Hypercalcemia persisted after operation in 8% of all patients. This generally occurred because of an incomplete neck exploration or too limited a resection in the patients with hyperplasia. Recurrent hypercalcemia occurred in 16% of the patients operated on for hyperplasia and was noted 1 to 19 years after surgery. Recurrences were also seen in 3% of the patients with adenomas but not earlier than 9 years after the operation. These findings suggest that primary HPT may even in patients with adenomatous disease, sometimes affect all parathyroid glands. Nevertheless, it was obvious that most of the patients with adenomas would not have benefited from a more radical procedure. On the other hand, it was evidently important to obtain a correct histopathologic diagnosis intraoperatively so that patients with hyperplasia could be identified and adequatley treated.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

Age at first primary as a determinant of the incidence of bilateral breast cancer. Cumulative and relative risks in a population-based case-control study.

This epidemiologic investigation comprised 1351 of 1423 women in a defined geographic area consecutively diagnosed as having a primary breast cancer. Simultaneous bilateral disease occurred in only 1 patient, whereas a history of previous cancer in the contralateral breast was reported by 65 patients. This prevalence was related to that of 23 previous cases in an age-matched control group of 1351 women from the same population. The relative risk of developing a second primary was 2.9 (95% confidence limit, 1.8-4.6) for the whole material and remained seemingly constant over several decades at a level predetermined by age at first diagnosis, namely 9.9 (95% confidence limit, 3.8-25.8) before the age of 50 and 1.9 (95% confidence limit, 1.1-3.2) after that age. The incidence ratio of bilateral to unilateral disease was used as an estimate of the lifetime risk of developing a second primary in this stable and well-defined population. This calculation revealed cumulative risk figures of 13.3% and 3.5% for women younger and older than 50 years, respectively, at first diagnosis. It was concluded that the occurrence of bilateral disease, which reflects a multicentric neoplastic transformation of the breast epithelium, is a characteristic of early-occurring (premenopausal) disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Serum beta 2-microglobulin at remission and relapse in patients with multiple myeloma.

Serum beta 2-microglobulin (S-beta 2m) was determined before treatment in fifty patients with multiple myeloma (MM), twenty-two of which had pure Bence Jones (BJ) myeloma. S-beta 2m was related to clinical stage before, but not after, a correction of S-beta 2m values for co-existent raised S-creatinine values (greater than 106 mumol 1-1). However, S-beta 2m as well as corrected beta 2m was a parameter of prognostic value. The median expected survival time was 14 months at S-beta 2m values greater than 8.0 mg 1(-1) and 56 months at values less than 3.5 mg 1(-1). A response to treatment was associated with a decrease of S-beta 2m and a stationary course with unchanged values, whereas a relapse or progressive disease was connected with an increase. In 'beta 2m producers', i.e. patients with a clear initial high S-beta 2m, serial determinations are of value for monitoring patients with MM. In particular, this is the case in BJ myelomas, as they lack a quantifiable serum M-component. With respect to beta 2m no difference was found between BJ and other patients with MM.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Papanicolaou smear screening and cervical cancer. What can you expect?

More than 90% of the total female population of three Swedish counties between the ages of 30 and 59 years, 53% of women between 60 and 69 years, and 25% of women older than 70 years were screened for cervical cancer with the Papanicolaou smear over a ten-year period. The uniqueness of the study is that in Sweden it is possible to follow up the entire population during their lifetimes via a population register, which has its roots in the 17th century, natural to Swedes but almost incomprehensible in the United States or United Kingdom. Every Papanicolaou smear taken was computer recorded and linked on an individual level to the cancer registry. There were 207,455 women followed up for ten years. No women were lost to follow-up. There was a 75% decrease in invasive cervical cancer incidence among women who had smears taken at least once during the ten-year period. Among those women who had never had smears taken, the incidence of invasive cervical cancer was four times as great as among those women who had been examined at least once. We estimate that the system proposed by Swedish Medical Board (at least one smear every three years) for cervical cancer screening can reduce the incidence of invasive cervical cancer to a level between one and five cases per 100,000 women per year in a completely screened population.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Histological changes in parathyroid glands in subclinical and clinical renal disease. An autopsy investigation.

In an autopsy material of patients with varying degrees of renal impairment, the parathyroid glands were examined regarding glandular and parenchymal cell weights and cellular types and arrangement. The findings were related to the different stages of renal disease. The study comprised 69 cases--29 females and 40 males. Their mean age was 74 years (range 33-98 years). There was a positive relation between serum creatinine level and total parathyroid parenchymal cell weight (r=0.37, p less than 0.01) and an inverse correlation between kidney weights and parathyroid parenchymal cell weight (r=-0.24, p less than 0.05). The patients with the most advanced renal impairment had significantly higher mean total glandular and mean total parenchymal weights than those with less pronounced renal disease. Nodular arrangement and an increased number of oxyphil and transitional oxyphil cells were noted in cases with advanced histological kidney changes but normal serum creatinine levels. This nodularity as well as the frequency of oxyphil cells increased in parallel with deterioration of renal function. The two most important factors that influenced the proportion of oxyphil cells were the parenchymal cell weights and the age of the patient. It is concluded that signs of stimulation of the parathyroids are present already in early stages of renal disease, in some cases before renal dysfunction is clinically manifested.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Enterochromaffin cells in the rat gastrointestinal tract. Aspects of factors influencing quantification.

A quantitative study was made of the enterochromaffin (EC) cells, visualized with the Masson (slightly modified) and Falck-Hillarp techniques, in the rat gastrointestinal tract. Different factors influencing the quantification were analysed and the magnitude of methodological errors was estimated. The two histochemical techniques visualized the EC cells in different ways, influencing the quantification results. This means that a comparison of the quantitative results obtained by these techniques can only be made after correction by some factors. The frequency of EC cells is given as the number of cells both per mm3 mucosa (cellular density) and per segment of mucosa with a base of 1 mm2. The latter information takes into account both cellular density and mucosal thickness. The highest frequency of EC cells was found in the pyloric gland area of the stomach. On the border with the duodenum there was a marked decrease in this frequency and in the whole intestine the frequency was low, with only minor fluctuations of the mean values. The frequency was increased in the caecum, followed by a gradual decrease in the large intestine. The quantitative variation of the EC cells at the same gastrointestinal level was considerable, and was greater between animals than between serial sections within the same animal. The difference in EC cell frequency that was required to give significance was calculated. For quantitative studies the Masson method has some minor advantages over the Falck-Hillarp technique, as routine formalin-fixed deparaffinized sections can be used and no counterstaining is needed for the areal estimation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Enterochromaffin (Argentaffin) cells of the rat gastrointestinal tract. An ultrastructural study.

Argentaffin cells from different parts of the gastro-intestinal tract were examined electron microscopically by the semi-thin/ultra-thin sectioning technique. All these cells contained round or pleomorphic secretory granules, which were mainly concentrated in the infranuclear zone, except in the antrum, where they occurred with a similar frequency in all the peri-nuclear areas. The highest frequency of granules was found in the colon. The largest granules were seen in the duodenum and the smallest in the large intestine. Argentaffin cells with processes oriented towards the glandular and villous surface were most frequent in the small intestine. No secretory granules were seen in the most apical part of these processes, where in an earlier study serotonin immunoreactivity was observed. This may indicate that serotonin can be stores in a non-granular form. No close topographic relationship was found between the argentaffin cells and other endocrine cell types or the nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Arthroscopy of the knee in children.

A review was carried out of arthroscopy of the knee in children. During a 34-month period, 2,378 arthroscopies were performed, 80 of these on children less than 16 years of age. Seventy-one cases were reviewed, which is approximately 2% of all children seen at the clinic. Thirty procedures were carried out in patients with hemarthrosis. Eleven patients required operative repair or reconstruction. There were 13 ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament (43%), 4 ruptures of the posterior cruciate ligament, 14 ruptures of the medial collateral or posterior oblique ligament, and 5 ruptures of the lateral meniscus. Forty-one arthroscopies were done in patients without hemarthrosis or history of acute trauma. A clinical diagnosis of meniscus tear was correct in only 20%. Only one meniscectomy was performed and another meniscus tear was repaired. The most common diagnostic finding was abnormality of the patellofemoral articulation, which was diagnosed in 31 patients. Arthroscopic shaving of the patella was rarely indicated. As in adults, hemarthrosis indicates significant injury to the knee. Meniscus lesions are rare.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of open and endoscopic meniscectomy.

Fifty-eight patients who had undergone meniscal surgery were reviewed. Half had undergone conventional open meniscectomy, and half had been treated by arthroscopic meniscectomy. Each patient in the open group was matched with a patient in the endoscopic group by age, sex, and type of meniscal lesion. Patients with ligamentous injuries were excluded. Twelve patients in the endoscopic group were operated on as outpatients; the mean post-operative hospital stay in the 17 hospitalized patients in the endoscopic group was one day as compared with a mean of 3.3 days for the patients in the open group. Sick leave for the endoscopic group was only one-third of that of the open group. Operating time was 74.5 +/- 38.7 minutes in the open group compared with 55.9 +/- 25.0 minutes in the endoscopic group. At follow-up evaluation (mean follow-up period, 38 months) the percutaneous group showed a knee function score (88.7 points) similar to that of the open group (85.3 points) at 51 months. A three-year follow-up study of patients operated on endoscopically for a single meniscal lesion demonstrated that results with endoscopy are as satisfactory as those obtained by conventional surgery. Advantages of endoscopy include decreased hospitalization and shorter sick leave, with a corresponding reduction in the cost of patient care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Surgical anatomy of human parathyroid glands.

In an autopsy study of 503 cases the parathyroid glands were dissected, and the number of glands in each case and the anatomic distribution of the glands were recorded. In 18 cases (3%) only three glands were found. In these cases the lower combined weight suggested that a fourth gland had been missed. In 421 cases (84%) there were four glands and in 64 cases (13%) there were supernumerary glands. Most often the supernumerary gland was a fifth gland, usually in the thymus. The anatomic distribution of the glands showed considerable constancy. The positions of the glands on the one side were symmetrical with those on the other side in approximately 80% of cases. The superior parathyroids were frequently found just above the intersection between the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the inferior thyroid artery. The inferior parathyroids most often lay somewhat more ventrally, close to the lower thyroid pole or in the upper thymus or thyrothymic ligament. In a few cases the lower parathyroids were situated higher up in the neck, obviously because of a failure of descent during the embryologic development. In view of the number of supernumerary glands and their location, it is concluded that wide excision of fat tissue surrounding the parathyroids and thymectomy should be performed during operation in patients with hyperparathyroidism secondary to uremia or those with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Pulmonary macrophage phagocytosis and enzyme production after in vivo exposure to silica dust.

Guinea pigs were exposed to silica dust (SiO2) aerosols at 6, 13, 28, and 46 mg/m3 for 3 weeks and examined 4, 8, 16, and 23 weeks later. Twenty-four milligrams of TiO2 per cubic meter served as the control dust. Lung weights were increased at 8 weeks and later. Free lung cells showed a tendency to decrease in phagocytosis capacity at 8 weeks after cessation of exposure and later. Alveolar macrophage production of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, cathepsin D, and acid phosphatase was decreased at 8 weeks after exposure and later. The relationship between the depressant effect on macrophages and the absence of an exposure-related polymorphonuclear neutrophil response for the development of fibrosis could be part of the mechanism behind fibrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Outcome of delivery subsequent to vacuum-aspiration abortion in nulliparous women.

Altogether 4719 women who had had a legally induced abortion in Uppsala County during 1970-75 were followed by means of computerized record linkage, and deliveries during 1970-78 after abortion were noted. Out of 1 364 deliveries traced, 670 were to primiparas who had had a previous vacuum-aspiration (VA) abortion. The outcome of the delivery for the 670 women was compared with that of matched controls, 622 primiparas and 626 secundiparas. Confounding variables were checked for by multiple regression analysis using the infant's birthweight and gestational duration as dependent variables. This analysis showed that the abortion did not have a statistically significant effect on the outcome. Low birth weight infants and preterm delivery did not occur more often after a previous VA abortion.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1982

New design for clinical trial of antihypertensive drugs applied to pindolol, clopamide, and combinations thereof.

A beta-blocker (pindolol) and a diuretic (clopamide) were given in different dosages, singly and in two different combinations, to 71 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. The trial design was such that patients took both drugs singly and in combination, and in different doses, according to a set plan. The best regimen for each patient was determined by taking into account not only blood pressure but also resting heart-rate, body-weight, serum potassium, and serum urate. For 19 patients (27%) monotherapy was best--pindolol for 16 and clopamide for 3. For the remaining patients, a combination of pindolol 10 mg and clopamide 5 mg was best for 39, and in 35 of these one tablet daily was sufficient. All patients reached the preset target blood-pressure. The differences in proportions responding best to the following pairs of regimens compared--monotherapy vs combination, and combination of clopamide 5 mg and pindolol 5 mg vs combination of clopamide 5 mg and pindolol 10 mg--were significant (2p less than 0.01). The process by which the best treatment is chosen according to this study design resembles much more closely that followed in general medical practice, than does the process in the conventional hypertension trial, in which only average effects are reported and compared.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Outcome of delivery subsequent to induced vacuum-aspiration abortion in parous women.

In a historical prospective study covering 1970-1978, the authors evaluated the outcome of delivery to 429 parous women subsequent to a legally induced first-trimester vacuum-aspiration abortion during 1970-1975 in Uppsala County, Sweden. This outcome was compared with the outcome of delivery to 391 randomly chosen matched parous women and that of all parous women in Sweden in 1975. Confounding variables were controlled for in multiple regression analysis using infant birth weight and gestational duration as dependent variables. In this analysis, no harmful effects of vacuum-aspiration abortion were found. Pre-term deliveries and low birth weight infants did not occur more frequently after such abortions. The study did not disclose any association between vacuum-aspiration abortion in parous women and an unfavorable outcome of subsequent delivery.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1981

The parenchymal cell mass in normal human parathyroid glands.

The parenchymal cell mass in parathyroid glands from 368 autopsy cases without apparent parathyroid or kidney disease was investigated. By measuring the glandular density with a density gradient technique and the glandular weight, the parenchymal to fat cell ratio and the weight of the parenchymal cell mass could be determined. The mean parathyroid parenchymal cell weight was calculated to be 22 mg and the maximal normal parenchymal cell weight 39 mg. The glandular weight was evidently dependent on the body constitution, as the fat tissue content of the glands was related to the amount of fat tissue in the body as a whole. The parenchymal cell weight was much less variable. Also, the amount of fat tissue in the parathyroid glands was positively correlated to the size of glands. Thus, the amount of fat cells within parathyroid glands seems less adequate as a histological criterion and the parenchymal cell weight should be of greater value in the histological diagnosis that the weight of the whole gland. The age-and-sex-related variations of the parenchymal cell mass were slight and therefore a value of 39 mg may be considered an appropriate upper limit of the weight of this mass in parathyroid glands of adult persons.

Adipose Tissue↗