Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R Best.
Dapsone has been examined by two established animal anti-inflammatory models and found to possess anti-inflammatory activity comparable with established non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Dapsone also possess some biochemical properties common to other anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
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At least two isoforms of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-OHSD) have been identified, and clinical studies have illustrated their physiological and pathological significance. In the kidney, a high affinity 11 beta-OHSD2 inactivates cortisol to cortisone and protects mineralocorticoid receptors from cortisol. In the liver, a low affinity 11 beta-OHSD1 converts cortisone to cortisol, and may ensure that glucocorticoid receptors are adequately exposed to cortisol. In vascular smooth muscle, the conversion of cortisol to cortisone influences vascular tone. Defects in 11 beta-OHSD2 probably account for mineralocorticoid excess in the syndromes of Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess, licorice administration, and ectopic ACTH syndrome. Defects in 11 beta-OHSD1 may be important in essential hypertension, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. The underlying mechanism for all of these defects, and the putative role of endogenous inhibitors of 11 beta-OHSD, remains unclear. In future, the measurement of the activity of individual isoforms should resolve this uncertainty.
A canine model was used to investigate the mechanical properties of the partially resected physis and the role of load-sharing interposition material. Ten puppy knees were loaded axially, with strain gauges placed across the proximal tibial physis. After partial physeal resections, the knees were retested with and without polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in the resection gap. PMMA interposition moderated the change in physeal displacement noted with increasing areas of resection. The Heuter-Volkman law predicts decreased growth in response to increased physeal stress. We therefore recommend use of a load-sharing interposition material in resection of large physeal arrests in weightbearing areas.
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