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Biomedical subjects

R Binns

Publications and source records attributed to R Binns.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Regulation of clinical trials in Europe.

Pharmaceutical companies spend billions of dollars every year on carrying out clinical trials for their potential products. Many other trials are funded by charities, government research councils and other bodies. However, within Europe, national differences in approval procedures and the law relating to clinical trials can lead to increased costs and delays, particularly where trials are conducted in different countries. New European legislation is currently under review that is designed to ensure a common level of patient protection and scientific standards whilst reducing the costs and delays that can occur before trials can commence

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Europe says 'hello Dolly' to the biotech directive.

Nearly a decade after it was first proposed, the European Biotechnology Directive has finally been passed into law. The main purpose of the Directive is to provide a uniform set of legal rules that will apply to biotechnology patents throughout the 15 countries of the European Union. The authors describe how the Directive confirms that, subject to meeting the normal criteria, patents can be granted for inventions involving DNA, cell lines, microorganisms, plants, animals and human-derived material. However, on moral grounds, patents will not be allowed for certain inventions involving human cloning, germ-line gene therapy, human embryos or transgenic animals.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

DNA profiling reveals remarkably low genetic variability in a herd of SLA homozygous pigs.

Inbred strains of rodents have become indispensable for a wide range of biological studies. It has generally been accepted that genetic uniformity is unlikely to be achieved before 20 generations of brother x sister matings discouraging attempts to inbreed larger mammals. Nevertheless, pigs, homozygous for the swine MHC haplotype SLA b/b, have been inbred at the Babraham Institute for almost thirty years and used for immunological studies. Since the herd had not been studied at the DNA level, DNA profiling at multiple hypervariable loci was performed and surprisingly little genetic polymorphism and extremely high inter-individual resemblance were observed reminiscent of that observed in inbred strains of mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Detection of primary direct and indirect human anti-porcine T cell responses using a porcine dendritic cell population.

The pathways of human anti-pig T cell xenorecognition have been investigated. Freshly isolated porcine alveolar lavage (AL) cells induced primary proliferative responses by human peripheral and cord blood mononuclear cells which were inhibited by anti-HLA-DR antibody (indirect xenorecognition). Following over-night culture, the AL cells acquired the capacity to stimulate proliferation by purified human T cells which was inhibited by anti-SLA-DR antibody (direct xenorecognition). The marked increase in immunogenicity in the porcine AL cells was accompanied by a phenotypic change consistent with dendritic cell maturation. Limiting dilution assays indicate that the total anti-pig T cell response, in particular that mediated by indirect xenorecognition, is stronger than comparable alloresponses.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Early ontogeny of immune cells and their functions in the fetal pig.

The origin of immune cells and their products have been studied in the prenatal period in miniature pigs. Macrophages were first detected on day 25, and myelocytes and lymphoid cells by day 28. Membrane antigens SLA-DR and CD45 were found by day 22, membrane molecules MG-7, 8/1, CD1, CD2 and 74-22 by day 28, Gamma/delta T cells were found initially in extrathymic sites (in the liver). The first gamma/delta T cells were detected as early as 40 days of gestation. The expression of fibronectin, Thy-1 and its message, Ig isotypes and the first induction of IFN alpha were described.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Distribution of gamma delta T cells in the pig foetus.

The distribution of gamma delta T cells during different developmental stages of pig foetuses was studied using monoclonal antibodies directed against a ruminant WC1 antigen, a T-cell receptor (TCR) subset epitope, and pig Null T-cell antigen. Binding was revealed by the avidin/biotin/peroxidase technique on cryostat sections and flow cytometry analysis. The extrathymic origin of gamma delta T cells was confirmed: gamma delta T cells appeared in the liver, spleen and peripheral blood sooner than in the thymus. In the course of the second half of gestation, these T cells were found in the dermis and intestinal mucosal compartments which represented the predominant loci of gamma delta T cells after birth.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Xenografts--future prospects for clinical transplantation.

This paper outlines the basic problems that still need to be overcome before xenografting becomes a reality. It presents evidence that if the first of these problems (preformed or natural antibody to pig) can be overcome then pig kidneys will: (a) not hyperacutely reject from a human; and (b) will not, under currently used immunosuppression, induce massive new primary or secondary responses. It also makes brief justification of the use of the pig as the donor of choice and outlines what essential animal work we feel necessary before an actual pig-to-human transplant is contemplated.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Power frequency magnetic field; depressive illness and myocardial infarction.

Surveys were made to determine whether susceptibility to depressive illness and to myocardial infarction of people living in Wolverhampton was related to the intensity of 50 Hz magnetic field outside their homes. Comparing case with control addresses it was found that the field strength was significantly higher for depressive illness (P = 0.033) but not for myocardial infarction.

Depressive Disorder↗